| Yezo virus | |
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Virus classification 
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| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Riboviria |
| Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
| Phylum: | Negarnaviricota |
| Class: | Ellioviricetes |
| Order: | Bunyavirales |
| Family: | Nairoviridae |
| Genus: | Orthonairovirus |
| Species: | Hazara orthonairovirus |
| Strain: | Yezo virus |
The Yezo virus is a strain of Hazara orthonairovirus in the genus Orthonairovirus, discovered 2021 in Japan, circulating in mammals and ticks, causing a mild febrile illness in humans.
Virology
Yezo virus is a strain of Hazara orthonairovirus in the genus Orthonairovirus and phylogenetically grouped with Sulina virus.
Natural reservoir
As of 2021, Yezo virus was found in wild deer, raccoons, and ticks from Hokkaido, the northernmost island in Japan. They were not found in Hokkaido raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides albus) or rodents (Myodes rufocanus bedfordiae and Apodemus speciosus).
Among the three major tick species in Hokkaido (Haemaphysalis megaspinosa, Ixodes ovatus, and Ixodes persulcatus) Yezovirus was most commonly detected in H. megaspinosa. It is suspected to circulate in Ixodes ticks as well, so the geographical range may extend much further into Asia and Europe.
In 2024, Yezo virus was also found in 0.5% of Ixodes persulcatus ticks in Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, and Jilin in Northeastern China.
Symptoms and signs
In 2019 and 2020 two patients in Hokkaido, Japan had an acute febrile illness with thrombocytopenia and leukopenia, lymphocytopenia, coagulation disorder, and increased levels of liver enzymes after a tick bite. As of 2021, it was the first orthonairovirus associated disease in Japan. In retrospective screening. 7 people out of 248 suspected as having a tick-borne disease were found to have evidence of Yezo virus infection.
In 2024, a younger person from China without underlying disease was described with a mild form of infection: light headache, dizziness, blurred vision, shortness of breath, fatigue, and arthralgia. All persons in the 2 countries recovered completely.
References
- ^ Kodama, Fumihiro; Yamaguchi, Hiroki; Park, Eunsil; et al. (2021-09-20). "A novel nairovirus associated with acute febrile illness in Hokkaido, Japan". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 5539. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-25857-0. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 8452618. PMID 34545081.
- ^ Lv, Xiaolong; Liu, Ziyan; Li, Liang; et al. (April 2023). "Yezo Virus Infection in Tick-Bitten Patient and Ticks, Northeastern China". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 29 (4): 797–800. doi:10.3201/eid2904.220885. ISSN 1080-6040. PMC 10045709. PMID 36958012.
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| Yezo virus | |
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