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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Hama, Syria.

Prior to 7th century

Part of a series on the
History of Syria
Prehistory
Levantine corridor Natufian culture Halaf culture Uruk period Abu Hureyra Aswad Yarmukian culture
Bronze Age
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Ottoman Syria (1516–1918)
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v t e

• 11th century BCE – Town is "capital of Aramean kingdom of Hamath."
• 854 BCE – Town taken by Assyrian Shalmaneser II.
• 743 BCE – Assyrians in power again.
• 740 BCE – Uprising.
• 720 BCE – Uprising "crushed by Sargon."
• 540 BCE – Persians in power (approximate date).
• 64 BCE – Town becomes part of the Roman province of Syria.

7th–19th centuries

• 639 CE – Town taken by Arab Muslim Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah.
• 637 – Great Mosque built.
• 10th century – Hamdanids in power.
• 968 – Town sacked by Byzantine forces of Nicephorus Phocas.
• 11th century – Town sacked by Mirdasid forces.
• 1108 – Tancred, Prince of Galilee takes town.
• 1114 – Seljuks in power.
• 1157 – Earthquake.
• 1172 – Nur al-Din Mosque built.
• 1175 – Saladin takes town from Zangids.
• 1178 – Al-Muzaffar I Umar becomes Emir of Hama.
• 1191 – Al-Mansur I Muhammad becomes Emir of Hama.
• 1221 – Al-Nasir Kilij Arslan becomes Emir of Hama.
• 1229 – Al-Muzaffar II Mahmud becomes Emir of Hama.
• 1244 – Al-Mansur Muhammad II becomes Emir of Hama.
• 1260 – Town sacked by Mongols.
• 1284 – Al-Muzaffar III Mahmud becomes Emir of Hama.
• 1299 – Mamluks in power.
• 1310 – Ayyubid Abu al-Fida becomes Emir of Hama.
• 1323 – al-Izzi Mosque built.
• 1326 – Abu'l-Fida Mosque built.
• 1331 – Al-Afdal Muhammad becomes Emir of Hama.
• 1400 – Timurlane takes town.
• 1453 – al-Mamunye (water wheel) constructed.
• 1516 – Ottoman Turks in power.
• 1556 – Khan Rustum Pasha (caravansary) built.
• 1742 – Azm Palace built.
• 1858 – Population: 30,000.
• 1864 – Town becomes capital of the Hamah sanjak (district) in the Vilayet of Sham.
• 1875 – Cholera outbreak.
• 1898 – Public library opens (approximate date).

20th century

• 1901 – Population: 45,000 (approximate).
• 1902 – Rayak-Hama railway begins operating.
• 1906 – Aleppo-Hama railway constructed.
• 1917 – Shaker al-Hanbali becomes mayor.
• 1918 – Town becomes part of French Mandate of Syria.
• 1925 – 1925 Hama uprising, early October uprising by Hama's inhabitants led by Fawzi al-Qawuqji against the French mandate, subsequent crackdown by French forces. Part of the Great Syrian Revolt.
• 1930 – Population: 60,000.
• 1941 – Al-Taliya Sport Club formed.
• 1945 – Al-Nawair Sport Club formed.
• 1946 – City becomes part of independent Syrian Republic.
• 1960 – Population: 97,390.
• 1963 – April: Anti-Baathist demonstrations.
• 1964
  • April: Conflict between Muslim Brotherhood and Baath leaders.
  • Population: 131,630 (estimate).
• 1970 – Population: 137,421.
• 1980 – February: Islamist uprising
• 1981 – April: 1981 Hama massacre.
• 1982 – February: Muslim Brotherhood uprising against Hafez al-Asad government; crackdown.
• 1985 – Population: 193,610 (estimate).
• 1989 – Apamea Cham Palace Hotel built.

21st century

• 2003 – Population: 427,369 (estimate).
• 2008 – Population: 1,508,000 (estimate).
• 2011
  • 15 March–3 July: Mass demonstrations.
  • 3 July–4 August: Army crackdown on protesters.
  • September–December: Hama Governorate clashes
• 2012
  • 14 April: City under full SAA control
  • 25 April: Explosion in Mashaa Attayar.
• 2012/13
  • Autumn–spring: Rebels in control of Hamidiyah, Tariq Halab and Al-Arbain neighbourhoods
• 2013
  • 25 April–15 June: Rest of the city captured by SAA during 2013 Hama offensive.
• 2024
  • 30 November–5 December: Syrian opposition forces captured the city following fierce clashes.

See also

• Timelines of other cities in Syria: Aleppo, Damascus, Homs, Latakia

References

1. ^ Whitaker 2008.
2. ^ Britannica 1910.
3. ^ Chambers 1901.
4. ^ ArchNet.org. "Hama". Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Archived from the original on 24 October 2012.
5. ^ Baedeker 1876.
6. Murray 1858.
7. David Dean Commins (11 August 1990), Islamic reform: politics and social change in late Ottoman Syria, New York: Oxford University Press (published 1990), ISBN 0195061039, 0195061039
8. "Railway developments in Syria". Railway Age. Chicago. 1904.
9. Lewis R. Freeman (1915). "Railway Lines of Syria and Palestine". Railway Age Gazette. New York.
10. Sami Moubayed (11 August 2023), Steel & Silk: Men and Women who Shaped Syria 1900–2000, Seattle, USA: Cune Press (published 2006), ISBN 9781885942401
11. Bou-Nacklie 1998.
12. ^ David Dean Commins (2004), Historical Dictionary of Syria (2nd ed.), Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press
13. ^ "Syria: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population". World Gazetteer. Stefan Helders. Archived from the original on 12 April 2013.
14. Malik Mufti (1996). Sovereign Creations: Pan-Arabism and Political Order in Syria and Iraq. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0801431689.
15. "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966. pp. 140–161.
16. ^ "Syria Profile: Timeline". BBC News. 28 August 2011. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
17. Malise Ruthven (2004). Historical Atlas of Islam. Cartographica.
18. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
19. "Table 8 – Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations
20. "'Half a million' protest on streets of Hama". Al Jazeera. 8 July 2011.
21. "UN council condemns use of force by Syria". Al Jazeera. 4 August 2011.
22. "Syria: President Bashar al-Assad sacks governor of Hama". BBC News. 2 July 2011. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
23. "Syria unrest: Hama legal chief 'resigns over killings'". BBC News. 1 September 2011.
24. "Blast in Syria's Hama kills many". Al Jazeera. 26 April 2012.
25. Encyclopædia Britannica Book of the Year. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2013. ISBN 978-1-62513-103-4.
26. "Syria rebels launch attack in central Hama after months of calm". Reuters. 25 April 2013. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
27. "Fierce fighting rages across Syria". Al Jazeera. 18 January 2013.
28. "Syrian rebels capture second major city as army withdraws from Hama". CNN. 5 December 2024. Retrieved 5 December 2024.

Bibliography

Published in 19th century

• Abraham Rees (1819). "Hamah". The Cyclopædia. London.
• Josiah Conder (1830), "(Hamah)", The Modern Traveller, London: J.Duncan
• "Hamah", Handbook for Travellers in Syria and Palestine, London: J. Murray, 1858, OCLC 2300777
• "Hama", Palestine and Syria, Leipsig: Karl Baedeker, 1876

Published in 20th century

• "Hamah", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901
• "Hamah" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 869.
• Trudy Ring, ed. (1996), "Hama", Middle East and Africa, International Dictionary of Historic Places, Routledge, ISBN 9781884964039
• N. E. Bou-Nacklie (1998). "Tumult in Syria's Hama in 1925: The Failure of a Revolt". Journal of Contemporary History. 33 (2): 273–289. doi:10.1177/002200949803300206. S2CID 159788188.

Published in 21st century

• J.L. Whitaker (2008), "Hamah", in Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley (eds.), Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO
• "Hama". Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture. Oxford University Press. 2009.

External links

35°08′N 36°45′E / 35.133°N 36.750°E / 35.133; 36.750

v t e Hama Governorate
Hama District Hama Subdistrict Hama Abu Dardah Abu Mansaf Adabas al-Alamein Amarat Aslan Arzah Awja al-Janah Ayyo Bahra Bayad Besirin al-Buraq Billin al-Daminah Ghawr al-Assi al-Hashimiyah Hawayiz Umm Jurn Hawir al-Salib Jajiyah Jarjara Jarjisa Jibrin Jinan Jumaqliyah Juziyah Kafraa Kafr Amim Kafr Buhum Kafr al-Tun Kassun al-Jabal al-Khula al-Khalidiyah Khitab Maar Daftein Maarin al-Jabal Maar Shuhur al-Mubattan Madbaa Maqtaa al-Hajar Matnin Mubarakat Muraywid al-Narjis al-Nazaza Qamhana Qubaybat al-Assi al-Rabiaa Raabun al-Ruqaita Safinah Samrah Sawa Shihat Hama Shiraaya Surayhin Suwak al-Shamali al-Suwayda al-Gharbiyah al-Suwayda al-Sharqiyah Taqsis Tayzin Tishrin Tuwaym Tell al-Nahr Tell Qartal Umm al-Amad Umm al-Tuyour Zabada Zor Abu Dardah Zor al-Sarmiyah Zor Taqsis Hirbnafsah Subdistrict Hirbnafsah Aqrab Akrad Ibrahim Baja Birin Bisin al-Biyah Bulous Deir al-Fardis al-Humayri Jidrin al-Jafiah Kafr Qadah Khirbet Aref Khirbet al-Jami Khirbet al-Qasr al-Muah Musa al-Houla Qufaylun al-Rawda Suma'ah Talaf al-Tulaysiyah al-Janubiyah Toumin Zara'a Suran Subdistrict Suran Atshan Buwaydah Fan Shamali al-Junaynah Kawkab Khafsin Khirbet al-Hajama Lahaya Maardis Maarkaba Ma'an Masasneh Murak Qasr Abu Samrah Qasr al-Makhram Qubaybat Abu al-Huda Shatheh Taybat al-Imam Taybat al-Ism al-Tulaysiyah Umm Haratayn Zor Abu Zayd Zor al-Haysa al-Sharqiyah Hamraa Subdistrict Al-Hamraa Abu Ajwa al-Ala al-Anz Arfa Aziziyah Baroudiyah Bayud Dali Duma Fayda Halabiyah Huways Ibn Hadib Haymaniyah al-Hazim Janat al-Sawarnah Jubb al-Uthman Jubb al-Safa Junaynah Jadduah Shamaliyah Kharsan Maaloula Muwaylah al-Sirwana Maar Shamali Qanater Qasr Ali Qasr Ibn Wardan Rabda Rasm Anz Rasm al-Daheriyah Rasm al-Ward Ruhayyah Shihat al-Hamraa al-Samaqiyah al-Qibliyah Suruj Tarfawi Tharwat Tulayhat Tuwal Dabaghin Umm Habes Umm Turaykat al-Qibliyah Umm Zahmak al-Zughbah
Al-Suqaylabiyah District Al-Suqaylabiyah Subdistrict Al-Suqaylabiyah Abr Beit Seif Abu Klifun Ammurin Annab Ayn al-Kurum Ayn Waridah Ballunah Breij al-Hurra Hawrat Ammurin Hayalin Jurniyat al-Tar Karamah al-Khandaq al-Gharbi al-Khandaq al-Sharqiyah Khansaa Maksar Mashta' al-Shalahmah Nabe al-Tayeb Qalaat Jaras Rawdat al-Tar al-Rihana Saidiyah Salba Saqiyat Najm Shahta al-Shajar Tahunat al-Halawa Tell Kumbatri Tell al-Titeen Uwaynah Shathah Subdistrict Shathah Ayn Jurjin Farikah Haydariyah Jubb al-Ghar Jurin Mashta Mahfuz Maradash Na'ur Jurin Nubl al-Khatib Qatrat al-Rihan Rihana Tell Salhab Subdistrict Tell Salhab Abu Qubays Abu Faraj Al-Asharinah Birat al-Jabal Ayn al-Jurn Hawayeq Hawr al-Mawsil Kanayes al-Kashati Khareb al-Latma Mazhal Nahr al-Bared Ras al-Jurn Tamaza Tubah Ziyarah Subdistrict Al-Ziyarah al-Amara al-Amqiyah Tahta al-Ankawi Awja al-Tuba al-Bahsa Barakah Duqmaq Duwayr al-Akrad Ayn al-Hamaam Fawru Khirbet al-Naqus Mansura Maarana Mashik al-Qahira Qarqur Qastal al-Burayj Qastun Qulaydin al-Safsafa Sirmaniyah al-Sindiyana Tell Wasit Zayzun al-Zaqum Qalaat al-Madiq Subdistrict Qalaat al-Madiq Ashrafiyah al-Bani al-Aziziyah Bab al-Taqa al-Barid Deir Sunbul al-Huwayz al-Huwayz al-Shamali al-Hamra al-Hawash al-Humayrat al-Hurriyah Hawijah Fauqa Hawijah Sayyad Hawijat al-Sallah Jamasat Udayat al-Jayyid Kafr Nabudah al-Karim Kawri al-Kurkat Mastarihat Afamiyah Midan Ghazal Qabr Fidda al-Qahirah Qiratah al-Ramlah al-Rasif Salihiyah Sahariyah Shahranaz al-Sha'irah Tell Huwash Tamana al-Ghab al-Thuwarah al-Tuwayni al-Zitiyah
Masyaf District Masyaf Subdistrict Masyaf Anbura al-Bayda al-Bayyadiyah Biqraqa al-Bustan Biqasqas Deir Huwayt Deir Mama Deir al-Salib al-Findara Hayalin al-Haylunah al-Hurayf Jobet Kalakh Kafr Aqid al-Laqbah Mashta Deir Mama Matna al-Nahda Qabu Shamsiyah Qayrun Qurtuman Rabu al-Rusafa al-Shamsiyah al-Shiha Sighata al-Suwaydah Tayr Jamlah Tayr Jubbah Tell Afar al-Zamaliyah al-Zaynah Awj Subdistrict Awj Akakir Baarin Bishanin Huwayr al-Turukman Kafr Kamra Khirbet Nisaf Khanazir Nisaf Qarmas Qasraya Ta'unah Zor Baarin Ayn Halaqim Subdistrict Ain Halaqim Ayn al-Shams Aq Duqar Asheq Omar Ba'amrah Barshin Bayt Atiq Bayt Natar al-Dulaybah Hermel Hikr Bayt Atiq Kahf al-Habash Khirbet Hazur al-Majawi al-Mashrafah Qasr al-Ayan Tin al-Sabil Jubb Ramlah Subdistrict Jubb Ramlah Alamiyah Asilah Deir Shamil Dimu Hanjur Hizanu Julaymadun Jarajis Kanafu Khan Jalaymadun Maarin Mahrusah Mushashin Qurayyat Qurin Sarmiyah Sulukiyah Uqayrabah Zahraa Zawi Wadi al-Uyun Subdistrict Wadi al-Uyun Ammuriyah Ayn al-Bayda Ayn Farraj Ayn al-Karam Bashawi Bayt Raqata Barayzah Bir al-Wadi Birat al-Jurd Duwayr al-Mashayekh Jabita Kafr Laha Kamaliyah Marha Maysara Naqir Qussiyah al-Sindiyana Tamarqiyah Zaytuna
Mahardah District Mahardah Subdistrict Mahardah Abu Ubaydah Abu Rubays al-Arid Halfaya Huwat al-Judaydah Kafr Hud Khirbet Subin Khunayzir Maarzaf (al-Qubeir) al-Majdal Shaizar Shir Safsafiyah Tell Malah Tell Sikkin Tremseh Zilaqiat Zawr al-Qaadah Kafr Zita Subdistrict Kafr Zita Arba'in Hamamiyat Latmin al-Sayyad al-Zakah Karnaz Subdistrict Karnaz al-Asman al-Jalamah Jubbayn al-Lataminah al-Mughayr Shaykh Hadid
Salamiyah District Salamiyah Subdistrict Salamiyah Ali Kasun Bardunah Buwaydah Dunaybah Danin Duwaybah Fan Qibli Fan Wastani al-Ghawi Halban Jamala al-Kafat Karim Khafiyah Khunayfis Kaytalun al-Malih Marj Mattar Nawa Qablahat Qubbat al-Kurdi al-Rubbah al-Sabil Safawi Samnah Shakara Shaykh Ali Sibaa Shaykh Rih Smakh Sunaydah Tell Ada Tell Dahab Tell Hasan Basha Tell Khaznah Tell Sinan Taldara Tirad Thawra Thayl al-Jal Tiba al-Turki Tuba Tulul al-Humur Umm al-Amad Umm Tuwaynah al-Uwayr Zighrin Barri Subdistrict Barri Sharqi Abu Hanaya Abu Habilat Akash Arshunah Barri al-Gharbi Furaytan al-Hardanah al-Khurayjah Mafkar Salam Gharbi Tell al-Tut Tell Jadid Umm Mil Sabburah Subdistrict Sabburah Abu Khanadiq Aqarib Fawrah al-Judaydah Jadduah Jubb Zurayq Jissin Khunayfis al-Dawsa Mabujah Qanafath Qubaybat Salba Samiriyah Shahba Shuhayb Tell Abd al-Aziz Tell al-Ghir Tell al-Shih Umm Khurayzah Uqayribat Subdistrict Uqayribat Abu Dali Abu Hakfa Abu al-Fashafish Bustan al-Subeih Dakhilah Hamada al-Omar Hanutah Haddaj Jani al-Albawi Jubb Abyad Jubb Dakhilah Jayruh Makhbuta Masud Mashrafah Na'imiyah Makaymin Shamali Qastal Rasm al-Abid Rasm Elahmar Rasm al-Bardakana Ruwaydah Suha Tabara al-Hamra Tahmaz Saan Subdistrict Al-Saan Abu Hurayk Abu al-Ghor Abu al-Qusur Amya Aniq Bajra Awja–Qabasin al-Arab al-Ayah Baghadid Harat al-Sharqiyah Hasu al-Qiblawi Ithriya Jakuziyah Jubb Khasara Makharib Mawilah Rahjan Rasm al-Ahmar Rasm Amun Sarha Shaykh Hilal al-Suwayah Umm Mayal

v t e Cities and towns of Syria
Governorate centres	Aleppo Damascus Daraa Deir ez-Zor Hama al-Hasakah Homs Idlib Latakia Quneitra Raqqa Rif Dimashq Suwayda Tartus
District centres	Abu Kamal Afrin Ariha Atarib Ayn al-Arab Azaz al-Bab Baniyas Darayya Dayr Hafir Douma Duraykish Fiq al-Haffah Harem Izra' Jableh Jarabulus Jisr ash-Shughur Maarat al-Numaan al-Malikiyah Manbij Masyaf Mayadin Mhardeh al-Mukharram al-Foqani an-Nabk Palmyra Qamishli Qardaha Qatana Qudsaya al-Qusayr al-Qutayfah Ra's al-'Ayn al-Rastan as-Safira Safita Salamiyah Salkhad al-Sanamayn Shahba ash-Shaykh Badr al-Suqaylabiyah Talkalakh al-Tall Tell Abyad al-Thawrah Yabroud Zabadani
Sub-district centres	Abu Qilqil Abu al-Thuhur Akhtarin Amuda Arbeen Arima al-Ariqah al-Arishah Armanaz Arwad al-Asharah Assal al-Ward Awj Ayn al-Fijah Ayn Halaqim Ayn Issa Ayn al-Nasr Babbila Banan Barri Sharqi Beit Jinn Binnish Bir al-Helou Bosra Bulbul Busayrah Da'el al-Dana Darat Izza Darkush al-Darbasiyah Deir Atiyah al-Dimas al-Dumayr Furqlus Ghabaghib Ghandoura al-Ghariyah al-Ghizlaniyah al-Hader Hadidah al-Hajar al-Aswad al-Hajib Hajin al-Hamidiyah al-Hamraa Harasta Harbnafsah Harran al-Awamid al-Hirak Hish Hisyah al-Hawl Huraytan al-Huwash Ibbin Samaan Ihsim Jayrud al-Jalaa al-Janudiyah Jaramana al-Jarniyah Jasim al-Jawadiyah Jubb al-Jarrah Jubb Ramlah Jindires al-Jiza al-Qabu Kafr Batna Kafr Nabl Kafr Takharim Kafr Zita al-Karamah al-Kasrah Kessab al-Khafsah Khan Shaykhun Khasham Kirnaz Kuwayris Sharqi Khanaser Khirbet Ghazaleh Khirbet al-Tin Mahmoud al-Kiswah Ma'arrat Misrin Maabatli Maadan Maaloula Madaya Mahin Malah al-Malihah al-Mansurah Mare' Markada Mashta al-Helu Maskanah al-Masmiyah al-Mazraa Muhambal Muhasan al-Musayfirah al-Mushannaf Muzayrib al-Nashabiyah al-Nasirah Nawa Nubl al-Qadmus al-Qahtaniyah Qalaat al-Madiq Qarah al-Qaryatayn al-Qurayya Qurqania Rajo Rankus Rasm Harmil al-Imam al-Rai al-Riqama al-Ruhaybah al-Saan Saasaa Sabburah al-Sabe' Biyar al-Sabkhah Sadad Sahnaya Saidnaya Salqin Saraqib Sarmin Sarrin Sawran Sebei al-Shaddadah al-Shajara Shaqqa Sharran Shathah Shaykh al-Hadid al-Shaykh Maskin Shayukh Tahtani Shin Sinjar Sirghaya Slinfah Suluk al-Surah al-Saghirah al-Suwar Suran al-Susah al-Sukhnah al-Tabni Talbiseh Taldou al-Tamanah Tasil Tell al-Daman Tell Hamis Tell Rifaat Tell Salhab Tell Tamer Tedef Thiban Uqayribat Urum al-Kubra Wadi al-Oyun al-Yaarubiyah al-Zirbah az-Ziyarah

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