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Sundance Formation

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Sundance Formation
Stratigraphic range: Bathonian - Oxfordian 168–157 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Type	Geological formation
Sub-units	Canyon Springs Sandstone Member, Hulett Sandstone Member, Lak Member, Pine Butte Member, Redwater Shale Member, Stockade Beaver (Shale) Member, Windy Hill Sandstone Member
Underlies	Morrison Formation
Overlies	Gypsum Springs Formation
Thickness	Up to 100 m
Lithology
Primary	shale
Other	limestone, sandstone
Location
Region	Western North America
Country	United States
Type section
Named for	Sundance, Wyoming
Named by	Darton
Year defined	1904

The Sundance Formation is a western North American sequence of Middle Jurassic to Upper Jurassic age Dating from the Bathonian to the Oxfordian, around 168-157 Ma, It is up to 100 metres thick and consists of marine shale, sandy shale, sandstone, and limestone deposited in the Sundance Sea, an inland sea that covered large parts of western North America during the Middle and early Late Jurassic.

Geology

The Sundance Formation underlies the western North American Morrison Formation, the most fertile source of dinosaur fossils in the Americas, and is separated by a disconformity from the underlying Middle Jurassic Gypsum Springs Formation.

Fossils

The Sundance Formation is known for fossils of an extinct species of marine cephalopod, the belemnite Pachyteuthis densus, as well as several extinct species of oyster, including Deltoideum, Liostrea, and Gryphaea nebrascensis. Other common invertebrates include crinoids, echinoids, gastropods, insects, ostracods, and foraminifera.

Fossil dinosaur 'footprints' on an ancient ocean shoreline are preserved in the formation and protected at the Red Gulch Dinosaur Tracksite, located in the Bureau of Land Management Red Gulch/Alkali National Back Country Byway, near Shell in Big Horn County, Wyoming.

Paleobiota

Vertebrates

Genus	Species	Member	Material	Notes
Pteraichnus	P. stokesi	Alcova/Grey Reef Reservoir, Seminoe Reservoir and Bighorn Canyon National Recreation area. (Wyoming)	Trace fossils	A Pteraichnid belonging to the Pterodactyloidea.
Tatenectes	T. laramiensis	Redwater Shale Member		A Cryptoclidid Plesiosaur.
Pantosaurus	P. striatus	Redwater Shale Member		A Cryptoclidid Plesiosaur.
Megalneusaurus	M. rex	Redwater Shale Member		A Thallasophonid Pliosaur.
Baptanodon	B. natans	Redwater Shale Member		An Ophthalmosaurid Ichthyosaur.
Plesiosaurus	"P." shirleyensis		Material now lost.	Possibly a Plesiosaurid Plesiosaur.

Invertebrates

Genus	Species	Member	Material	Notes
Pachyteuthis	P. densus			A Belemnoid.

Fish

Genus	Species	Member	Material	Notes
Occithrissops	O. willsoni			An ichthyodectiform
Caturus	C. dartoni			A caturid amiiform
Hybodontiformes	indeterminate	Redwater Shale Member	Teeth	Belongs to a group of shark like cartilaginous fish called the Hybodontiformes. This might either be Hybodus or Asteracanthus. Found in association with Tatenectes.

References

Jennings, Debra S.; Stephen T. Hasiotis (2006). "Taphonomic analysis of a dinosaur feeding site using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Morrison Formation, Southern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA" (PDF). PALAIOS. 21 (5). SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology: 480–492. doi:10.2110/palo.2005.P05-062R. S2CID 55369947.
Syzdek, Joseph; Malone, David; Craddock, John (2019-08-01). "Detrital Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Provenance of the Sundance Formation, Western Powder River Basin, Wyoming". The Mountain Geologist. 56 (3): 295–317. doi:10.31582/rmag.mg.56.3.295. ISSN 0027-254X. S2CID 210290670.
Mcmullen, Sharon K.; Holland, Steven M.; O'keefe, F. Robin (June 2014). "The Occurrence of Vertebrate and Invertebrate Fossils in a Sequence Stratigraphic Context: The Jurassic Sundance Formation, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, U.S.A." PALAIOS. 29 (6): 277–294. doi:10.2110/pal.2013.132. ISSN 0883-1351. S2CID 126843460.
BLM−Bureau of Land Management, Wyoming Office: "Red Gulch Dinosaur Tracksite" website, info, maps, photo gallery, accessed 8.21.2015
^ Lockley, M.; Harris, J.D.; and Mitchell, L. 2008. "A global overview of pterosaur ichnology: tracksite distribution in space and time." Zitteliana. B28. p. 187-198. ISSN 1612-4138.
W. R. O'Keete, F. R. and Wahl Current taxonomic status of the plesiosaur Pantosaurus striatus from the Upper Jurassic Sundance Formation, Wyoming, article on pages 37-47 of the complete issue, 2003, Paludicola, 4 (2) : 27-68. Paperback – January 1, 2003
Massare, Judy A.; Wahl, William R.; Ross, Mike; Connely, Melissa V. (January 2014). "Palaeoecology of the marine reptiles of the Redwater Shale Member of the Sundance Formation (Jurassic) of central Wyoming, USA". Geological Magazine. 151 (1): 167–182. doi:10.1017/S0016756813000472. ISSN 0016-7568 – via Geological Magazine.

44°15′24″N 105°40′57″W / 44.2568°N 105.6824°W / 44.2568; -105.6824

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Chronostratigraphy of Colorado

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Cenozoic chronostratigraphy of Colorado

Pleistocene	Alamosa Formation

Zanclean	Dry Union Formation Ogallala Formation

Messinian	Dry Union Formation Ogallala Formation
Aquitanian	Arikaree Formation

Grouse Mountain Basalt

Chattian	Arikaree Formation

Blanco Basin Formation

Cuchara Formation

Echo Park Formation

Farisita Formation

Huerfano Formation

Green River Formation

Poison Canyon Formation

Uinta Formation

Wasatch Formation

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Mesozoic chronostratigraphy of Colorado

Benton Formation

Castle Gate Formation

Cliff House Sandstone

Codell Sandstone

Fort Hays Limestone

Fox Hills Formation

Fruitland Formation

Greenhorn Shale

Hygiene Formation

Kirtland Formation

Kremmling Formation

Lance Formation

Laramie Formation

Lewis Formation

Lion Canyon Formation

Menefee Formation

Niobrara Formation

Pictured Cliffs Formation

Point Lookout Formation

Smoky Hill Chalk

Trinidad Formation

Vermejo Formation

Williams Fork Formation

Upper	Curtis Formation Morrison Formation Ralston Creek Formation Wanakah Formation
Middle	Carmel Formation Entrada Formation Garo Formation Page Formation Sundance Formation
Lower	Glen Canyon Formation Kayenta Formation Navajo Formation Wingate Sandstone

Chinle Formation

Anisian	Chugwater Formation

Olenekian	Chugwater Formation
Induan	Chugwater Formation Lykins Formation Taloga Formation

Moenkopi Formation

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Paleozoic chronostratigraphy of Colorado

Changhsingian	Chugwater Formation Lykins Formation Taloga Formation

Asselian	Fountain Formation Madera Formation

Gzhelian	Fountain Formation Madera Formation

Tournaisian	Williams Canyon Formation
Beulah Formation Gilman Formation Headscrabble Formation Leadville Formation Molas Formation Osage Formation Spergen Formation St. Louis Formation Ste. Genevieve Formation Warsaw Formation

Famennian	Williams Canyon Formation

Fremont Limestone

Viola Formation

Tremadocian	Dotsero Formation

Stage 10	Dotsero Formation
Paibian	Lodore Formation Sawatch Formation

Guzhangian	Lodore Formation Sawatch Formation

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Precambrian chronostratigraphy of Colorado

Tonian	Uinta Mountain Group

Tava Formation

Siderian	Owiyukuts Complex

Uncompahgre Formation

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