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The SEF was established in 1972; its main job was to control riots and demonstration alongside assisting other police forces in combating drug trafficking and criminals. After the Grand Mosque seizure in 1979 and the ineffectiveness of the Saudi Arabian National Guard in the Saudi decision of hostages, its role was strengthened. Since 1995, with the first terrorist attacks on Saudi soil in Olaya, Riyadh, and then in 1996 in Al Khobar, the center shifted to combating terrorism, and accordingly it retrained and reprogrammed its forces. In 2017, the General Directorate of Investigations, Special Security Forces, Special Emergency Forces, Security Aviation, General Directorate of Technical Affairs, National Information Center were moved from the Ministry of the Interior to Presidency of State Security.
Now there are 13 centers, controlling 35,000 men, around the Kingdom to combat terrorism. In September of 2014, around 70,000 members of the Special Emergency Forces participated in providing security during the Hajj season.
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