 A satirical cartoon depicting King William IV and Queen Adelaide sailing in the Royal Adelaide, circa 1834. The actual yacht was 50 feet (15 m) long. | |
| Designer(s) | William Symonds |
|---|---|
| Builder | John Fincham at Sheerness Dockyard |
| Launched | 13 July 1834 |
| Owner(s) | William IV of the United Kingdom |
| Fate | Broken-up 1878 |
| Specifications | |
| Type | Miniature frigate |
| Displacement | 50 tons burthen |
| Length | 50 ft (15 m) |
| Beam | 15 ft (4.6 m) |
Royal Adelaide was a royal yacht, designed as a miniature sailing frigate, which was built in 1833 and launched in the following year on the orders of King William IV of the United Kingdom, for use on Virginia Water Lake in Windsor Great Park in Surrey, England.
History
The Royal Adelaide was a miniaturised version of the latest frigate, HMS Pique (1834) which had been designed by Sir William Symonds, the Chief Surveyor of the Navy. The Royal Adelaide was built at Sheerness Dockyard under the supervision of John Fincham, at a cost of £46 per ton. The yacht had been completed, disassembled and transported overland to Virginia Water by March 1834, where she was reassembled and launched in the presence of "many noblemen and gentlemen" on 13 July.
The Royal Adelaide was intended to train the king's young nephews in seamanship, and his illegitimate children by the actress Dorothea Jordan. The yacht was also used to fire gun salutes at garden parties and other entertainments at Fort Belvedere, a folly overlooking the lake, which was regularly used by the royal family. She was armed with twenty-two brass 1-pounder cannon and was supervised, along with the other vessels on the lake, by a Royal Navy officer; in 1861, Captain David Welch was appointed "Keeper of Her Majesty’s Boats and other Vessels at Virginia Water" on a salary of £150 per annum.
By 1862, the Royal Adelaide was becoming dilapidated and although the issue of replacement was raised, Queen Victoria stated that she should be retained in a "purely ornamental" condition and repairs were carried out accordingly. A Royal Navy survey of 1877 advised that her timbers were unsound and consequently she was condemned to be broken-up, but survived long enough to fire a salute on Victoria's forty-first accession day on 20 June 1878.
Figurehead
The figurehead of Royal Adelaide is the one of the smallest figureheads in the collection of the National Museum of the Royal Navy, Portsmouth. It is unusually small overall, standing at quarter of the usual size for such carvings. This can be attributed to the fact that she was intended for a miniature sailing frigate, as opposed to the much larger naval vessels, as was more common.
A three-quarter length figure, she represents Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, who became Queen consort of the United Kingdom and Hanover when her husband William IV ascended the throne in 1792. The figurehead was designed and carved by Robert Hall of Rotherhithe.
In this depiction, Queen Adelaide takes a form similar to Britannia - the female personification of Great Britain – with a trident in her left hand and flanked by two Union flag shaped shields. She wears a crown instead of the traditional Britannia helmet. The figure perhaps embodies public opinion of Queen Adelaide, who is said to have been a popular, beloved consort.
Upon removal from the yacht, she was taken into the Plymouth collection, as recorded in the 1911 Admiralty Catalogue. However, in July of 1914, George V made a visit to Portsmouth Dockyard Museum and demanded the figurehead be displayed there instead. She was later featured in the 1919 edition of the museum catalogue.
Surviving elements
The figurehead of Royal Adelaide has survived and is now in the collection National Museum of the Royal Navy, Portsmouth. The brass cannons were donated by the Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII, to the Royal Yacht Squadron at Cowes Castle, where they are used today to signal the start of races, especially at Cowes Week. Four of the guns have been stolen in recent decades but have been replaced by replicas. The guns are in the care of the Yeoman of the Royal Yacht Squadron and are now fired remotely by race officials. A 1:24 scale ship model is in the collection of the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich.
References
- ^ "Miniature Frigate Royal Adelaide (1834); Royal/ceremonial vessel; Recreation vessel; Sail training". rmg.co.uk. Royal Museums Greenwich. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
- ^ United Service Journal 1834, p. 532
- ^ Sharp 1858, p. 159
- Major 2011, p. 43
- Roberts 1997, p. 428
- ^ "Virginia Water - Their Majesties' Pleasure". www.virginiawater.org.uk. 29 June 2002. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
- Annual Register 1848, p. 63
- Pulvertaft, David (2009). The Warship Figureheads of Portsmouth (Illustrated ed.). UK: The History Press. p. 56. ISBN 978-0752450766.
- "Collections | National Museum of the Royal Navy". www.nmrn.org.uk. Retrieved 17 January 2025.
- Board, The Stanmore Tourist. "Queen Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen". https://www.stanmoretouristboard.org.uk. Retrieved 17 January 2025.
{{cite web}}: External link in|website= - Pulvertaft, David (2009). The Warship Figureheads of Portsmouth (Illustrated ed.). UK: The History Press. p. 56. ISBN 978-0752450766.
- Board, The Stanmore Tourist. "Queen Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen". https://www.stanmoretouristboard.org.uk. Retrieved 17 January 2025.
{{cite web}}: External link in|website= - Pulvertaft, David (2009). The Warship Figureheads of Portsmouth (Illustrated ed.). UK: The History Press. p. 56. ISBN 978-0752450766.
- "Figurehead of the Yacht Royal Adelaide". ukmcs.org.uk. The UK Maritime Collections Strategy. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
- Kopman, Mike (14 August 2004). "Cowes combined cannons". www.yachtingworld.com. Yachting World (TI Media Limited). Retrieved 24 April 2020.
Books
- The Annual Register: a review of public events at home and abroad. London: Rivingtons, Waterloo Place. 1878.
- United Service Journal and Naval and Military Magazine: 1834, Part 1. London: Henry Coplburn. 1834.
- Major, Alan (2011). Royal Yachts. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Amberley Publishing. ISBN 978-1445601892.
- Roberts, Jane (1997). Royal Landscape: The Gardens and Parks of Windsor. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300070798.
- Sharp, James A, ed. (1858). Memoirs of the Life and Services of Rear-Admiral Sir William Symonds. London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans & Roberts.