The Ride of the Valkyries (German: Walkürenritt or Ritt der Walküren) is the popular name of the prelude to the first scene of the third and last act of Die Walküre, the second of the four epic music dramas that constitute Richard Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen.
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As a separate piece, the "Ride" is often heard in a purely instrumental version, which may be as short as three minutes. Together with the "Bridal Chorus" from Lohengrin, the "Ride of the Valkyries" is one of Wagner's best-known pieces.
Context
See also: Der Ring des Nibelungen: Composition of the music § Die Walküre, and Die Walküre § Act 3The main theme of the "Ride", the leitmotif labelled Walkürenritt, was first written down by the composer on 23 July 1851. The preliminary draft for the "Ride" was composed in 1854 as part of the composition of the entire opera, which was fully orchestrated by the end of March 1856.
In the Walküre opera, the "Ride", which takes around eight minutes, begins in the prelude to the third act, building up successive layers of accompaniment until the curtain rises to reveal a mountain peak where four of the eight Valkyrie sisters of Brünnhilde have gathered in preparation for the transportation of fallen heroes to Valhalla. As they are joined by the other four, the familiar tune is carried by the orchestra, while, above it, the Valkyries greet each other and sing their battle-cry. Apart from the song of the Rhinemaidens in Das Rheingold, it is the only ensemble piece in the first three operas of Wagner's Ring cycle.
Performance history
See also: Der Ring des Nibelungen § PerformancesProblems playing this file? See media help.
The complete opera Die Walküre was first performed on 26 June 1870 in the National Theatre Munich against the composer's intent. By January of the next year, Wagner was receiving requests for the "Ride" to be performed separately, but wrote that such a performance should be considered "an utter indiscretion" and forbade "any such thing". However, the piece was still printed and sold in Leipzig, and Wagner wrote a complaint to the publisher Schott. In the period up to the first performance of the complete Ring cycle, Wagner continued to receive requests for separate performances, his second wife Cosima noting "Unsavoury letters arrive for R. – requests for the Ride of the Valkyries and I don't know what else." Once the Ring had been performed in Bayreuth in 1876, Wagner lifted the embargo. He himself conducted it in London on 12 May 1877, repeating it as an encore.
Outside opera
See also: List of films using the music of Richard Wagner_La_cavalcata_delle_Valchirie.jpg)
Uses in film include the original score for The Birth of a Nation (1915), and What's Opera, Doc? (1957).
The "Ride" features as diegetic music in Apocalypse Now (1979), where the 1/9 Air Cavalry squadron plays it on helicopter-mounted loudspeakers during their assault on a Viet Cong-controlled village as psychological warfare and to motivate their own troops.
Ride of the Valkyries is also featured in Maxell's iconic "Blown Away Guy" cassette advertisement in the 1980s, showing a man sitting low in a chair and then a powerful wind blowing from speakers playing Ride of the Valkyries, showcasing the high quality of their cassettes.
During his run in World Wrestling Entertainment, wrestler Daniel Bryan used an altered version of Ride of the Valkyries as his theme song under a different name, “Flight of the Valkyries” which was produced by Jim Johnston (composer) and was released in 2011.
References
Notes
- Keller, James. "Wagner: Wotan's Farewell and Magic Fire Music, from Die Walküre". San Francisco Symphony. Archived from the original on 2016-09-14. Retrieved 2016-09-04.
- Wagner 1978, Entry for Wednesday, 25 January 1871.
- Wagner 1978, Entry for Tuesday, March 28, 1871.
- Wagner 1978, Entry for Wednesday, 25 December 1872.
- Wagner 1978, Entry for Saturday, 12 May 1877.
- Matthew Wilson Smith (April 2008). "American Valkyries: Richard Wagner, D. W. Griffith, and the Birth of Classical Cinema". Modernism/modernity. 15 (2): 221–242. doi:10.1353/mod.2008.0040. S2CID 144141443. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
- "The Piano Parlour". Thepianoparlour.squarespace.com. Archived from the original on December 27, 2008. Retrieved 2012-08-06.
- "Wagner – Ride of the Valkyries (Apocalypse Now)" in Best Film Classics (6 CD Box). Brilliant Classics No. 94131. CD 5, track 10.
- Francis Ford Coppola (director) (1979). Ride of the Valkyries - Apocalypse Now (Motion picture). Retrieved April 11, 2023 – via YouTube.
- Coates, Gordon (October 17, 2008). "Coppola's slow boat on the Nung". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- Adam, Stewart (March 17, 2022). "Blown Away Guy, Maxell Cassette Commercial". Creative Audio Works. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
- Saint (2013-07-20). WWE: "Flight of the Valkyries" ► Daniel Bryan 9th Theme Song. Retrieved 2024-11-01 – via YouTube.
Sources
- Wagner, Cosima (1978). Martin Gregor-Dellin; Dietrich Mack (eds.). Diaries: Volume I 1869–1877. Translated by Geoffrey Skelton. London: Collins.
External links
- "Ride of the Valkyries" (act 3): Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
- Ride of the Valkyries at Project Gutenberg (in MP3 format)
- Kirsten Flagstad, 1938
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