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Psoroma

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Genus of lichen-forming fungi

Psoroma
Psoroma hypnorum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Peltigerales
Family: Pannariaceae
Genus: Psoroma
Ach. ex Michx. (1803)
Type species
Psoroma hypnorum
(Vahl) Gray (1821)
Synonyms

Psoroma is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Pannariaceae. The widespread genus contains about 30 species, most of which are found in south temperate regions.

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed by the French botanist André Michaux in 1803.

Some species formerly in Psoroma were transferred to the new genera Psorophorus and Xanthopsoroma in 2010. The genus Joergensenia was erected in 2008 to contain the species formerly known as Psoroma cephalodinum.

Description

The genus Psoroma is characterised by its small scale-like thallus, with an underlying layer that is barely noticeable. It houses a green algal photobiont, possibly the algae Myrmecia, which collaborates with the fungus to perform photosynthesis. Psoroma species have cephalodia, structures containing the cyanobacterium Nostoc.

The reproductive organs, known as ascomata, are apothecial in form—essentially sessile and somewhat cup-shaped with a raised, enduring edge. Within these structures, the supporting filaments, or paraphyses, may be simple or branch towards their tips, which do not expand or form a cap, staining a dusky blue when iodine is applied. The spore-producing asci are elongated, either club-shaped or cylindrical, featuring a distinctive structure at their tips where a central tube stains blue with iodine within a lighter-staining area, surrounded by a clear amyloid ring.

Spores produced by Psoroma are single-celled, colourless, and often contain one or two large oil droplets. Their shape is ellipsoidal, with a surface that is warty or ridged, and somewhat pointed at the ends. For asexual reproduction, Psoroma develops pycnidia, which are pale brown, and produces simple, rod-shaped, colourless conidia.

Chemically, Psoroma usually lacks detectable secondary metabolites (lichen products) through thin-layer chromatography, although in rare cases, porphyrilic acid and related compounds may be present.

Species

As of March 2024, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 28 species of Psoroma.

Psoroma sphinctrinum

References

  1. "Psoroma Ach. ex Michx. 1803". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2012-02-25.
  2. Zahlbruckner, A. (1941). "Lichenes Novae-Zelandiae a cl H. H. Allan eiusque collaboratoribus lecti". Denkschriften der Akademie der Wissenschaften (Wien), Math.-nat. Kl. (in German). 104: 249–380 .
  3. Ciferri, R.; Tomaselli, R. (1953). "Saggio di una sistematica micolichenologica". Atti dell'Istituto Botanico della Università e Laboratorio Crittogamico di Pavia (in Italian). 10 (1): 25–84.
  4. ^ "Psoroma". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
  5. Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; Minter, D.W.; Stalpers, J.A. (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 575. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
  6. Michaux, A. (1803). Flora Boreali-Americana (in Latin). Vol. 2. p. 321.
  7. Elvebaak, A.; Robertsen, E.H.; Park, C.H.; Hong, S.G. (2010). "Psorophorus and Xanthopsoroma, two new genera for yellow-green, corticolous and squamulose lichen species, previously in Psoroma". The Lichenologist. 42 (5): 563–585. doi:10.1017/S0024282910000083.
  8. Passo, A.; Stenroos, S.; Calvelo, S. (2008). "Joergensenia, a new genus to accommodate Psoroma cephalodinum (lichenized Ascomycota)". Mycological Research. 112 (12): 1465–1474. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2008.06.025. PMID 18675347.
  9. ^ Cannon, P.; Aptroot, A.; Coppins, B.; Sanderson, N.; Simkin, J. (2021). Peltigerales: Pannariaceae, including the genera Fuscopannaria, Leptogidium, Nevesia, Pannaria, Parmeliella, Pectenia, Protopannaria and Psoroma (PDF). Revisions of British and Irish Lichens. Vol. 9. p. 14.Open access icon
  10. Øvstedal, D.O.; Gremmen, N.J.M. (2008). "Additions and corrections to the lichens of Heard Island". The Lichenologist. 40 (3): 233–242. doi:10.1017/S002428290800741X.
  11. Park, Chae Haeng; Hong, Soon Gyu; Elvebakk, Arve (2018). "Psoroma antarcticum, a new lichen species from Antarctica and neighbouring areas". Polar Biology. 41 (6): 1083–1090. Bibcode:2018PoBio..41.1083P. doi:10.1007/s00300-018-2265-x.
  12. ^ Elvebakk, Arve; Hong, Soon Gyu; Park, Chae Haeng; Rämä, Teppo (2020). "Psoroma capense and P. esterhuyseniae (Pannariaceae), two new alpine species from South Africa". The Lichenologist. 52 (5): 345–352. doi:10.1017/S0024282920000377. hdl:10037/20103.
  13. ^ Jørgensen, P.M.; Wedin, M. (1999). "On Psoroma species from the Southern Hemisphere with cephalodia producing vegetative dispersal units". Lichenologist. 31 (4): 341–347. doi:10.1017/S0024282999000456.
  14. Henssen, A.; Renner, B.; Marton, K.; James, P.W.; Galloway, D.J. (1983). "Studies in the lichen genus Psoroma 2. Psoroma fruticulosum and Psoroma rubromarginatum". Mycotaxon. 18 (1): 29–48.
  15. ^ Jørgensen, P.M. (2004). "Further contributions to the Pannariaceae (lichenized Ascomycetes) of the Southern Hemisphere". Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 88: 229–253.
  16. Elvebakk, Arve (2021). "Psoroma inflatum, a new alpine lichen from New Zealand" (PDF). Australasian Lichenology. 89: 49–53.
  17. Dodge, C.W. (1970). "Lichenological notes on the flora of the Antarctic Continent and the Subantarctic islands. IX-XI". Nova Hedwigia. 19 (3–4): 439–502.
  18. Elvebakk, Arve; Elix, John A. (2021). "Psoroma nigropunctatum sp. nov., an alpine lichen in south-eastern Australia related to P. buchananii" (PDF). Australasian Lichenology. 89: 54–61.
  19. Fryday, Alan M.; Elvebakk, Arve; Anderson, Frances L.; Gagnon, Jean Y. (2019). "Psoroma nivale (Pannariaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) a new species with dark, elongate squamules and bacilliform ascospores from arctic Québec, Canada". The Lichenologist. 51 (5): 419–429. doi:10.1017/S0024282919000288. hdl:10037/18052.
  20. Scutari, N.C.; Calavelo, S. (1995). "A new species of Psoroma (pannariaceae, lichenized Ascomycotina) from Tierra del Fuego, Argentina". Annales Botanici Fennici. 32 (1): 5–61 .
Taxon identifiers
Psoroma
Categories:
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