Pa-O National Army | |
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ပအိုဝ်ႏစွိုးခွိုꩻတပ်မတောႏ | |
Flag of the Pa-O people, used by the PNA | |
Leaders | U Aung Kham Hti |
Military leader | Khun Myint Aung |
Dates of operation | 1949 (1949) – 9 December 2009; 2021–present |
Headquarters | Taunggyi, Shan State, Myanmar |
Active regions | Pa-O Self-Administered Zone (controlled territory) |
Ideology | Pa-O nationalism
Buddhist nationalism Ultranationalism |
Size | 4,000 (2023) 41,000 (2024) |
Allies |
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Opponents | State opponents
Non-state opponents |
Battles and wars | Internal conflict in Myanmar |
Preceded by Pa-O National Liberation Army |
The Pa-O National Army (Pa'o Karen: ပအိုဝ်ႏစွိုးခွိုꩻတပ်မတောႏ, Burmese: ပအိုဝ်းအမျိုးသားတပ်မတော်; abbreviated PNA) is a Pa-O state sponsored militia in Myanmar (Burma). It was established in 1949 and is the armed wing of the Pa-O National Organisation.
The PNA protects the PNO-governed Pa-O Self-Administered Zone, which consists of three townships in southern Shan State: Hopong, Hsi Hseng, and Pinlaung townships.
The PNA signed a ceasefire agreement with the then ruling State Peace and Development Council on 11 April 1991 and reformed itself as a people's militia force. It merged with other Pa-O paramilitary groups on 9 December 2009. Following the military coup d'état on 1 February 2021, there have been reports of PNA forcibly recruiting locals, extorting money and conducting joint operations with the Burmese military against resistance groups. An outpost occupied by allied forces of the Burmese military and PNA in Nyaung Shwe Township, southern Shan State was seized by a joint force of Pekon People's Defence Force and Karenni Nationalities Defence Force in May 2022.
On 9 January 2025, the Karenni Nationalities Defense Force captured an alleged 15 year-old child soldier in the PNA.
References
- ^ South, Ashley (2008). Ethnic Politics in Burma: States of Conflict. Oxon: Routledge. pp. 122–124. ISBN 978-0-203-89519-1. Retrieved 24 September 2016.
- ^ "Misinformation, Hate Speech and Ethno-Religious Tensions in Myanmar". United States Institute of Peace. 27 April 2024. Archived from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
- "'They are preparing for war': Forced recruiting by Pa-O militia in Shan". Frontier Myanmar. 28 February 2023. Archived from the original on 6 January 2024.
- "Pa-O regions militia groups and Myanmar Military Junta". BNI. 5 January 2022. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
- "Pyusawhti militia". Myanmar NOW. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023.
- "Armed ethnic groups". Myanmar Peace Monitor. Archived from the original on 8 May 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
- ^ "PNLO". Myanmar Peace Monitor. Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
- Kyaw, Sann; Christensen, Russ (2006). The Pa-O: Rebels and Refugees. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books. ISBN 978-974-9575-93-2.
- "PNO/PNA Recruiting Youths In Mong Pawn Township". BNI. 15 June 2022. Archived from the original on 27 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
- "The Myanmar Military Junta's Divide and Rule Tactic". BNI. 2 June 2022. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
- "Myanmar Resistance Claims Victory Over Junta Outpost". The Irrawaddy. 13 May 2022. Archived from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
- PNA ကလေးစစ်သားတစ်ဦး ဖမ်းဆီးရမိကြောင်း KNDF ပြော Radio Free Asia. January 10, 2025
Ethnic armed organisations in Myanmar | |
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