Nephrocalcin is an acidic glycoprotein, is produced by renal proximal tubule cells. It inhibits crystal nucleation, growth and aggregation. It is one of the key inhibitors for Nephrolithiasis, kidney stone disease.
There are at least 4 known isoforms of Nephrocalcin: NC-A, NC-B, NC-C, and NC-D. A higher secretion of NC-C and NC-D is found in kidney stone patients, whereas a higher secretion of NC-A and NC-B in non-patients.
References
- Asplin, J.; DeGanello, S.; Nakagawa, Y. N.; Coe, F. L. (November 1991). "Evidence that nephrocalcin and urine inhibit nucleation of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals". The American Journal of Physiology. 261 (5 Pt 2): F824–830. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.1991.261.5.F824. ISSN 0002-9513. PMID 1951713.
- Negri, A. L.; Spivacow, F. R. (2023-03-25). "Kidney stone matrix proteins: Role in stone formation". World Journal of Nephrology. 12 (2): 21–28. doi:10.5527/wjn.v12.i2.21. PMC 10075018. PMID 37035509.
- Nakagawa, Y. (March 1997). "Properties and function of nephrocalcin: mechanism of kidney stone inhibition or promotion". The Keio Journal of Medicine. 46 (1): 1–9. doi:10.2302/kjm.46.1. ISSN 0022-9717. PMID 9095576.