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Bran-colored flycatcher

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(Redirected from Myiophobus fasciatus) Species of bird

Bran-colored flycatcher
Conservation status

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Tyrannidae
Genus: Myiophobus
Species: M. fasciatus
Binomial name
Myiophobus fasciatus
(Müller, 1776)

The bran-colored flycatcher (Myiophobus fasciatus) is a small passerine bird in the tyrant flycatcher family. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama, on Trinidad, and in every mainland South American country except Chile.

Taxonomy and systematics

The bran-colored flycatcher has these five subspecies:

What are now the mouse-gray flycatcher (M. crypterythrus) and rufescent flycatcher (M. rufescens) were originally described as species but in the mid-twentieth century were reclassified as subspecies of the bran-colored flycatcher. Following studies that identified plumage and vocal differences among them, beginning in 2016 taxonomic systems began splitting them. Somewhat earlier, the olive-chested flycatcher (M. cryptoxanthus), which had also been described as a species and later merged into the bran-colored flycatcher, was again recognized as a full species. The two of them form a superspecies, and some authors have suggested that they should be assigned their own genus.

Description

The bran-colored flycatcher is 11 to 14 cm (4.3 to 5.5 in) long and weighs 7.1 to 17 g (0.25 to 0.60 oz). The sexes very similar. Adult males of the nominate subspecies M. f. fasciatus have a reddish brown crown with a partly hidden yellow to orange-rufous patch in the middle. Both sexes have brown lores, a short yellowish white line above them, and a thin white eye-ring on an otherwise reddish brown face. Their back and rump are reddish brown. Their wings are dusky to dark brown with thin buff edges on the flight feathers and wide buff-white tips on the wing coverts; the latter show as two wing bars. Their tail is dark brown. Their throat and underparts are mostly dull white with short grayish brown streaks thickly on the breast and flanks. Their belly sometimes has a yellow tinge. Adult females have a much smaller crown patch or none at all and have less heavily streaked underparts than males.

All subspecies of the bran-colored flycatcher have a dark brown, cinnamon-brown, or brown iris and black legs and feet. Most have a black or blackish gray maxilla and a dark mandible with an orange-yellow, brownish pink, or pinkish gray base. The subspecies differ from the nominate and each other thus.

  • M. f. furfurosus: richest reddish-brown upperparts of all subspecies; yellower belly than nominate, rufous-white wingbars, and orange-yellow or pinkish mandible
  • M. f. saturatus: duller overall than nominate, with brown upperparts lacking rufous and a deeper yellow belly
  • M. f. auriceps: darker brown upperparts and darker brown breast streaking than nominate and a white belly; in Brazil somewhat more buffy underparts and more cinnamon wing bars
  • M. f. flammiceps: largest subspecies; warmer brown upperparts than the others with a white belly washed with yellow; pale mandible

Distribution and habitat

The bran-colored flycatcher has a disjunct distribution. The subspecies are found thus:

The bran-colored flycatcher inhabits a variety of landscapes across its wide range. In general they are somewhat open and include the interior and edges of dry forest, brushy savanna and pastures, and thickets along watercourses in arid areas. It also inhabits successional vegetation on riverbanks and islands and the Llanos of Colombia and Venezuela. In elevation it occurs between 700 and 1,250 m (2,300 and 4,100 ft) in Central America, between 600 and 2,000 m (2,000 and 6,600 ft) in Colombia, up to 1,700 m (5,600 ft) north of the Orinoco River and to 1,200 m (3,900 ft) south of it in Venezuela, between 300 and 1,100 m (1,000 and 3,600 ft) in Ecuador, up to 1,800 m (5,900 ft) in Peru, and from sea level to 1,500 m (4,900 ft) in Brazil.

Behavior

Movement

The bran-colored flycatcher is a year-round resident in the northern and central parts of its range. Populations south of central Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and southeastern Brazil migrate north for the non-breeding season. Subspecies M. f. auriceps moves to eastern Peru and M. f. flammiceps to northern Brazil. The species is almost entirely a non-breeding visitor to Peru though some are thought to breed locally there.

Feeding

The bran-colored flycatcher's diet has not been detailed but is known to be primarily insects and a lesser amount of small berries. It typically forages singly or in pairs within about 2 m (7 ft) of the ground and seldom joins mixed-species feeding flocks. When perched it has an erect posture. It takes prey from foliage and twigs while perched and with short flights to hover-glean.

Breeding

The bran-colored flycatcher's breeding season varies geographically. It breeds between March and June in Central America and northern Venezuela, between March and November on Trinidad, August to October in Colombia, May to February in northern Brazil, and October to January or February in southern Brazil and Argentina. Its nest is a deep cup made from a wide variety of plant fibers held together with spider web; sometimes green moss or feathers are incorporated. Usually only the female builds the nest. It is typically placed in a branch fork, though also in bamboo, and within a few meters of the ground. The usual clutch is two eggs though clutches of one and three are known. The eggs have a background of ochre, cream, pinkish white, or pale brown with a wreath of various shades of brown, red-brown, or gray at the large end. The female alone incubates with a typical period of 14 to 17 days. Fledging occurs 13 to 17 days after hatch. Both parents provision nestlings and fledglings. Nests are known to be parasitized by the shiny cowbird (Molothrus bonariensis) in Argentina.

Dickcissel male perched on a metal pole singing, with neck stretched and beak open.

Songs and calls
Listen to the bran-colored flycatcher on xeno-canto

Vocalization

The bran-colored flycatcher's vocalizations appear to geographically vary somewhat. In Costa Rica it makes "a whistled whee, whee, whee...". In Venezuela its dawn song is "a husky, whistled tep, chew-e" that is repeated over and over. During the day it makes a "short, squeezed wee'he 'he'he'e, nasal, almost rattlelike". In Peru it sings "a repetitive series of rich notes: tchew...weet...tchee'wit...tchew...weet...". The species typically sings from a low perch in the open.

Status

The IUCN has assessed the bran-colored flycatcher as being of Least Concern. It has an extremely large range; its population size is not known and is believed to be increasing. No immediate threats have been identified. It is considered fairly common in Costa Rica, common in most of Colombia but rarer in the east, "common but somewhat local" in Venezuela, rare in Ecuador, and fairly common in Peru. It occurs in many protected areas and "appears to thrive in shrubby successional vegetation that follows deforestation".

References

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Bran-colored Flycatcher Myiophobus fasciatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T103682408A93744147. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T103682408A93744147.en. Retrieved 14 January 2025.
  2. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2024). "Tyrant flycatchers". IOC World Bird List. v 14.2. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
  3. ^ Kirwan, G. M., A. Farnsworth, J. del Hoyo, D. J. Lebbin, N. Collar, and P. F. D. Boesman (2022). Bran-colored Flycatcher ('Myiophobus fasciatus), version 2.1. In Birds of the World (S. M. Billerman and N. D. Sly, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.brcfly1.02.1 retrieved January 14, 2025
  4. BirdLife International (2016) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 9. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/BirdLife_Checklist_Version_90.zip
  5. Clements, J. F., P.C. Rasmussen, T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, A. Spencer, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2022. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2023. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved November 30, 2022
  6. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2023). "Tyrant flycatchers". IOC World Bird List. v 13.1. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
  7. Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 4 March 2024. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved June 23, 2024
  8. Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 18 November 2024. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved November 26, 2024
  9. ^ McMullan, Miles; Donegan, Thomas M.; Quevedo, Alonso (2010). Field Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Bogotá: Fundación ProAves. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-9827615-0-2.
  10. ^ Hilty, Steven L. (2003). Birds of Venezuela (second ed.). Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 606.
  11. ^ Ridgely, Robert S.; Greenfield, Paul J. (2001). The Birds of Ecuador: Field Guide. Vol. II. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. pp. 498–499. ISBN 978-0-8014-8721-7.
  12. ^ van Perlo, Ber (2009). A Field Guide to the Birds of Brazil. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 304–305. ISBN 978-0-19-530155-7.
  13. ^ vanPerlo, Ber (2006). Birds of Mexico and Central America. Princeton Illustrated Checklists. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. Plate 64, map 64.13. ISBN 0691120706.
  14. ^ Garrigues, Richard; Dean, Robert (2007). The Birds of Costa Rica. Ithaca: Zona Tropical/Comstock/Cornell University Press. p. 198–199. ISBN 978-0-8014-7373-9.
  15. ^ Schulenberg, T.S.; Stotz, D.F.; Lane, D.F.; O'Neill, J.P.; Parker, T.A. III (2010). Birds of Peru. Princeton Field Guides (revised and updated ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 442. ISBN 978-0691130231.
  16. ^ de la Peña, Martín R.; Rumboll, Maurice (2001). Birds of Southern South America and Antarctica. Princeton Illustrated Checklists. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. Plate 74, map 74.1. ISBN 0691090351.

Further reading

External links

Taxon identifiers
Myiophobus fasciatus
Muscicapa fasciata
Categories:
Bran-colored flycatcher Add topic