Higher school (高等学校, Kōtō Gakkō or 旧制高等学校, Kyūsei Kōtō Gakkō) was an institution of higher education in Japan, which was a preparatory institution for imperial universities and national medical colleges until the educational reform in occupied Japan.
Apart from the Imperial Japanese Army Academy and the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy, higher schools were the most prestigious pre-university higher education institutions in Japan and provided liberal arts education based on 'Kyōyōshugi' instead of specialised education.
The higher schools have now been converted or mergerd into universities. Despite the same name, Kōtō Gakkō (高等学校), higher schools are completely different to high schools (新制高等学校, Shinsei Kōtō Gakkō) after WW2.
List
3-year Schools
Number Schools
| school name | The First Order of Higher Education (1894) era | The Second Order of Higher Education (1919) | New university |
|---|---|---|---|
| First Higher School (Tokyo) | Daigaku Yoka | Kōtōka | University of Tokyo |
| Facultyl of Medicine (Chiba) | Independent as Chiba Medical College (1901) | Chiba Medical College (now Chiba University School of Medicine) | |
| Second Higher School (Sendai) | Daigaku Yoka | Kōtōka | Tohoku University |
| Faculty of medicine | Independent as Sendai Medical College (1901) | Tohoku Imperial University School of Medicine (Tohoku University School of Medicine) | |
| Third Higher School (Kyoto) | Faculty of Law | 1901 abolished | ―――― |
| Faculty of Engineering | 1901 abolished | ―――― | |
| Faculty of Medicine (Okayama) | Independent as Okayama Medical College (1901) | Okayama Medical College (now Okayama University School of Medicine) | |
| Daigaku Yoka (1897) | Kōtōka | Kyoto University | |
| Fourth Higher School (Kanazawa) | Daigaku Yoka | Kōtōka | Kanazawa University |
| Faculty of medicine | Independent as Kanazawa Medical College (1901) | Kanazawa University School of Medicine | |
| Fifth Higher School (Kumamoto) | Daigaku Yoka | Kōtōka | Kumamoto University |
| Faculty of Medicine (Nagasaki) | Independent as Nagasaki Medical College (1901) | Nagasaki University School of Medicine | |
| Faculty of Engineering (1897) | Independent as Kumamoto Higher Technical School (1906) | Kumamoto University | |
| Sixth Higher school (Okayama) | Daigaku Yoka (1900) | Kōtōka | Okayama University |
| Seventh Higher School, Zōshikan (Kagoshima) | Daigaku Yoka (1901) | Kōtōka | Kagoshima University |
| Eighth Higher School (Nagoya) | Daigaku Yoka (1908) | Kōtōka | Nagoya University |
Name Schools
| Year of establishment | school name | New university |
|---|---|---|
| 1886 | Yamaguchi Higher School | Yamaguchi University |
| 1919 | Niigata Higher School | Niigata University |
| 1919 | Matsumoto Higher School | Shinshu University |
| 1919 | Yamaguchi Higher School | Yamaguchi University |
| 1919 | Ehime Higher School | Ehime University |
| 1920 | Mito Higher School | Ibaraki University |
| 1920 | Yamagata Higher School | Yamagata University |
| 1920 | Saga Higher School | Saga University |
| 1920 | Hirosaki Higher School | Hirosaki University |
| 1920 | Matsue Higher School | Shimane University |
| 1921 | Osaka Higher School | Osaka University |
| 1921 | Urawa Higher School | Saitama University |
| 1921 | Fukuoka Higher School | Kyushu University |
| 1922 | Shizuoka Higher School | Shizuoka University |
| 1922 | Kochi Higher School | Kochi University |
| 1923 | Himeji Higher School | Kobe University (Himeji Branch) |
| 1923 | Hiroshima Higher School | Hiroshima University |
| 1940 | Ryojyun Higher School (Lushun, Manchukuo) | (abolition) |
| 1943 | Toyama Higher School | University of Toyama |
Postwar Special Higher School
| Predecessor medical and dental college of | school name | New university |
|---|---|---|
| Japan Women's Dental College | Nihon higher school | Japan Women's Health Junior College (Now Kanagawa Dental University) |
| Toyo Women's Dental College | Toyo Higher School | Toyo Women's Junior College (now Toyo Gakuen University) |
| Akita Prefectural Women's Medical College | Akita Prefectural Higher School | (Closed in 1950, converted into Akita University) |
| Yamanashi Prefectural Medical College | Yamanashi Prefectural Higher School | (Closed in 1951, converted into Yamanashi University) |
| Yamanashi Prefectural Women's Medical College | ||
| Tokushima Medical College | Tokushima Higher School | Tokushima University |
| Fukuoka Prefectural Medical and Dental College, Department of Medicine | Fukuoka Prefectural Higher School | (Closed in 1951, converted into Kyushu Dental University) |
| Nagasaki Medical University College of Medicine | Nagasaki Higher School | Nagasaki University |
7-year Schools
| kinds | Year of establishment | school name | New university | New junior high school / high school |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| national | 1921 | Tokyo Higher School | University of Tokyo | Junior and Senior High School, University of Tokyo |
| 1922 | Taihoku Higher School (Taipei) | (Abolished, converted to National Taiwan Normal University) | ||
| public | 1923 | Toyama Higher School | (Transferred to a national school in 1943, abolished the vulgaris department) | |
| 1926 | Naniwa Higher School (Osaka) | Osaka University | (Abolition of vulgar department) | |
| 1929 | Tokyo Metropolitan Higher School (Tokyo) | Tokyo Metropolitan University | Metropolitan New Institution of Higher Education | |
| private | 1922 | Musashi Higher School (Tokyo) | Musashi University | Musashi Junior and Senior High School |
| 1923 | Konan Higher School (Tokyo) | Konan University | Konan Junior and Senior High School | |
| 1925 | Seikei Higher School (Tokyo) | Seikei University | Seikei Junior and Senior High School | |
| 1926 | Seijo Higher School (Tokyo) | Seijo University | Seijo Gakuen Junior High School and High School | |
See also
- Imperial Universities (帝国大学)
- Daigaku Yoka (大学予科)
- Specialized School (Japan) (旧制専門学校)
References
- "c. Higher Schools as the Preparatory Course for the Imperial Universities：文部科学省". www.mext.go.jp. Retrieved 2022-06-18.
- "（6）The New University System：文部科学省". www.mext.go.jp. Retrieved 2022-06-18.
Sources
- Lewis, R.E. (1903). The Educational Conquest of the Far East. F.H. Revell. ISBN 978-0-524-03586-3. Retrieved 2024-12-29.
External links
- JAPAN'S MODERN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM - Government official articles by MEXT, Japan