Heel–ball index - Misplaced Pages

Forensic measurement of the human foot

Forensic science
Part of a series on

Physiological Anthropology Biology Bloodstain pattern analysis Dentistry DNA phenotyping DNA profiling Forensic genealogy Entomology Epidemiology Limnology Medicine Palynology Pathology Podiatry Toxicology
Social Psychiatry Psychology Psychotherapy Social work Verbal autopsy
Criminalistics Accounting Body identification Chemistry Colorimetry Election forensics Facial reconstruction Fingerprint analysis Firearm examination Footwear evidence Forensic arts Profiling Gloveprint analysis Palmprint analysis Questioned document examination Vein matching Forensic geophysics Forensic geology Social network analysis
Digital forensics Computer exams Data analysis Database study Malware analysis Mobile devices Network analysis Photography Video analysis Audio analysis
Related disciplines Electrical engineering Engineering Fire investigation Fire accelerant detection Fractography Linguistics Materials engineering Polymer engineering Statistics Traffic collision reconstruction
Related articles Crime scene CSI effect DNA in forensic entomology Perry Mason syndrome Pollen calendar Skid mark Trace evidence
Outline Category
v t e

The heel–ball index of the human foot is the ratio of the maximum breadth of the heel multiplied by 100 and divided by the breadth at the ball region.

This index was developed by Kewal Krishan, Tanuj Kanchan, Neelam Passi and John A. DiMaggio in 2012 while working on a sample of 303 North Indians. It has been shown that the index shows sexual dimorphism, as it was found to be greater in females than males. This index can be used as a tool for sex determination in forensic and medico-legal examinations of human remains as well as a new trait in studying the population variability in biological anthropology.

It may be helpful to forensic anthropologists, forensic scientists, forensic podiatrists and anatomists in forensic casework and conducting further research on the human foot.

References

^ Krishan, Kewal; Kanchan, Tanuj; Passi, Neelam; DiMaggio, John A. (1 January 2012). "Heel-ball (HB) index: sexual dimorphism of a new index from foot dimensions". J. Forensic Sci. 57 (1): 172–175. doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01960.x. PMID 22074354. S2CID 26942137.

Categories: