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GI Tauri and GK Tauri

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Binary star system in the constellation of Taurus
GI Tauri and GK Tauri

A visual band light curve for GK tauri, adapted from Bouvier et al. (1993)
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Taurus
GK Tauri
Right ascension 04 33 34.5627
Declination +24° 21′ 05.8545″
Apparent magnitude (V) 15.10
GI Tauri
Right ascension 04 33 34.0609
Declination +24° 21′ 17.0674″
Characteristics
GK Tauri
Evolutionary stage pre-main-sequence star
Spectral type K7
Apparent magnitude (G) 11.990
Variable type T Tau
GI Tauri
Apparent magnitude (G) 12.608
Astrometry
GK Tauri
Proper motion (μ) RA: 7.46±0.02 mas/yr
Dec.: −20.510±0.017 mas/yr
Parallax (π)7.7433 ± 0.0185 mas
Distance421 ± 1 ly
(129.1 ± 0.3 pc)
GI Tauri
Proper motion (μ) RA: 5.76±0.02 mas/yr
Dec.: −20.642±0.019 mas/yr
Parallax (π)7.7258 ± 0.0198 mas
Distance422 ± 1 ly
(129.4 ± 0.3 pc)
Position (relative to GK Tauri)
ComponentGI Tauri
Angular distance13.15797±0.00005″
Position angle328.4399±0.0002°
Projected separation1700 AU
Details
GK Tauri
Mass0.79±0.07 M☉
Luminosity0.80 L☉
Temperature4007 K
Age2±1 Myr
GI Tauri
Mass0.53
−0.11 M☉
Luminosity0.49 L☉
Temperature3792 K
Age2±1 Myr
Other designations
GK Tauri: Gaia EDR3 147790206908395776, 2MASS J04333456+2421058, GSC 01829-00040
GI Tauri: Gaia EDR3 147790000749072768, 2MASS J04333405+2421170, GSC 01829-00082
Database references
SIMBADdata

GK Tauri is a young T Tauri-type pre-main sequence star in the constellation of Taurus about 421 light years away, belonging to the Taurus Molecular Cloud.

System

The stars GK Tauri and GI Tauri form a wide binary system, with the projected separation between components being 1700 AU. The secondary component's orbit is not very eccentric, with a periastron of at least 890 AU.

GK Tauri was originally believed to have a close stellar companion WDS J04336+2421Ab. However, it was found to be an unrelated background star according to Gaia data.

Properties

Both members of the binary system are medium-mass objects still contracting towards the main sequence and accreting mass, with the primary GK Tauri being close to entering the main sequence.

Protoplanetary system

Both stars are surrounded by compact protoplanetary disks, although the reason for the small disk sizes is not clear. GK Tauri's spectrum indicates a possible gap in the protoplanetary disk and a planet orbiting within the gap, with a semimajor axis of 2.4
−1.0 AU.

The GK Tauri planetary system
Companion
(in order from star) 		Mass Semimajor axis
(AU) 		Orbital period
(days) 		Eccentricity Inclination Radius
protoplanetary disk 0–19 AU 40.2
−6.2° 		—
The GI Tauri planetary system
Companion
(in order from star) 		Mass Semimajor axis
(AU) 		Orbital period
(days) 		Eccentricity Inclination Radius
protoplanetary disk 0–25 AU 43.8±1.1° —

References

  1. Bouvier, J.; Cabrit, S.; Fernandez, M.; Martin, E. L.; Matthews, J. M. (May 1993). "COYOTES I : the photometric variability and rotational evolution of T Tauri stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 272: 176–206. Bibcode:1993A&A...272..176B. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  2. ^ Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  3. ^ Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  4. ^ Marsh, Kenneth A.; Mahoney, Michael J. (1993), "Do the Spectral Energy Distributions of GK Tauri and HK Tauri Indicate the Presence of Planetary Companions?", The Astrophysical Journal, 405: L71, Bibcode:1993ApJ...405L..71M, doi:10.1086/186768
  5. ^ Pearce, Logan A.; Kraus, Adam L.; Dupuy, Trent J.; Mann, Andrew W.; Newton, Elisabeth R.; Tofflemire, Benjamin M.; Vanderburg, Andrew (2020), "Orbital Parameter Determination for Wide Stellar Binary Systems in the Age of Gaia", The Astrophysical Journal, 894 (2): 115, arXiv:2003.11106, Bibcode:2020ApJ...894..115P, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab8389, S2CID 215547945
  6. ^ Braun, Teresa A. M.; Yen, Hsi-Wei; Koch, Patrick M.; Manara, Carlo F.; Miotello, Anna; Testi, Leonardo (2021), "Dynamical Stellar Masses of Pre-main-sequence Stars in Lupus and Taurus Obtained with ALMA Surveys in Comparison with Stellar Evolutionary Models", The Astrophysical Journal, 908 (1): 46, arXiv:2012.07441, Bibcode:2021ApJ...908...46B, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abd24f, S2CID 229156020
  7. "V* GK Tau". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
  8. Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
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