Early medieval states in Kazakhstan

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During the earlier medieval period, a succession of mainly Turkic states ruled in the area of present-day Kazakhstan.

No.	State	Establishment and fall	Capital	Territory	People	Language
1	First Turkic Khaganate	552–603	Suyab	Altay, Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Caucasia, Mongolia, Northern China	Göktürks, Teleuts, Kipchaks, Khazars, Yenisei Kirghiz, Sogdian.	Old Turkic
2	Western Turkic Khaganate	603–704	Suyab	Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Caucasia, Eastern Turkestan, Crimea, coast of Volga	Göktürks, Kipchaks, Khazars, Wusun, Kangju, Turgesh.	Old Turkic
3	Turgesh Khaganate	704–756	Suyab	Zhetysu Region	Göktürks	Old Turkic
4	Karluk Khaganate	756–940	Suyab, Balasagun	Zhetysu Region, Southern Kazakhstan	Karluks	Karluk
5	Pechenegs	659–750		Saryarka	Pechenegs	Old Turkic
6	Khazar Khaganate	650–969	Samandar, Atil	Western Kazakhstan, coast of Volga, Northern Caucasia, Crimea	Khazars, Bulgars, Alans, Hungarians, Burtas, Eastern Slavs	Khazarian
7	Kimaks	750–1035	Imekia, Karantia or Khagan-Kimek	Saryarka	Kimaks, Kipchaks	Turkic
8	Oghuz Yabgu State	756–1055	Yangikent	Western Kazakhstan, coast of Aral Sea	Oghuz	Turkic
9	Karluks	960–1224	Koyluk	Zhetysu Region	Karluks	Karluk
10	Karakhanid Khanate	942–1212	Balasagun	Zhetysu Region, Eastern Turkestan, Transoxiana	Karakhanids, Karluks	Karluk
11	Kara-Khitan Khanate	1128–1213	Balasagun	Zhetysu Region, Eastern Turkestan, Transoxiana	Karluks, Khitans	Karluk
12	Khwarazmian dynasty	1097–1231	Konye-Urgench	Southern Kazakhstan, Transoxiana, Khorasan, Iran	Cumans, Persians, Turkmens	Karluk
13	Naiman Khanate	1210–1218	Balasagun	Zhetysu Region	Naimans	Karluk