United States historic place
City Hospital | |
U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
New York State Register of Historic Places | |
Abandoned building in 1989 | |
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Location | Roosevelt Island, Manhattan, New York City |
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Coordinates | 40°45′11″N 73°57′31″W / 40.75306°N 73.95861°W / 40.75306; -73.95861 |
Area | less than one acre |
Built | 1832 |
Architect | James Renwick Jr. |
NRHP reference No. | 72000868 |
NYSRHP No. | 06101.002470 |
Significant dates | |
Added to NRHP | March 16, 1972 |
Designated NYSRHP | June 23, 1980 |
City Hospital (also known as Island Hospital or Charity Hospital) was a hospital on Roosevelt Island, Manhattan in New York City.
History
Originally named Penitentiary Hospital and located on what was then known as Blackwell's Island, the first hospital was built in 1832 to serve the prisoners housed at Blackwell's Penitentiary. After the hospital was destroyed by a fire in 1858, architect James Renwick Jr. designed a new building to be called City Hospital, on which prisoners completed construction in 1861. It served both inmates and New York City's poorer population. In 1870, the hospital was renamed Charity Hospital and a medical superintendent was hired after the quality of care was criticized.
In 1877, Charity Hospital opened a school of nursing, the fourth such training institution in the United States. The program of education for nurses encompassed two to three years of training in the care of patients and general hospital cleanliness. At Charity Hospital, nurses treated patients, assisted surgeons, weighed and cared for newborns, and took cooking classes. In 1916, Dr. Orrin Sage Wightman, an internist at the hospital, took a series of photographs of student nurses, which are housed at the New-York Historical Society.
The city changed the name of the island to Welfare Island in 1921 to reflect the mission of the institutions located there.
Abandonment
The prison closed in 1935, and the hospital was closed in 1957, when operations for Charity Hospital and Smallpox Hospital were moved to Elmhurst Hospital Center in Queens. The building, designed in the Second Empire style, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. The next year, Welfare Island was renamed Roosevelt Island in honor of Franklin D. Roosevelt and a memorial to the former president was planned at the southern tip of the island.
By 1986, the hospital was being considered for demolition because its condition had deteriorated so much. The hospital was demolished in 1994 along with the Delacorte Fountain in a project led by the Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation that also included the earthwork for the future memorial to Franklin D. Roosevelt; this memorial opened as Four Freedoms Park in 2012.
The former site of City Hospital is now occupied by Southpoint Park, which opened in 2011. Stones salvaged from the structure were used in paths of the park.
References
- "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
- ^ "Records of City Hospital (Welfare Island, N.Y.) 1877-1961". nyam.org. New York Academy of Medicine. Retrieved December 4, 2009.
- ^ Gray, Christopher (October 16, 1994). "Streetscapes/Charity Hospital on Roosevelt Island; Piles of Rubble Where Grim Gray Walls Once Stood". The New York Times. Retrieved December 4, 2009.
- ^ "Finding Women in the Archives: Student Nurses - Women at the Center". Women at the Center. January 9, 2018. Retrieved July 31, 2018.
- "Guide to the Orrin Sage Wightman Collection [1895-1945] PR 94". NYU Digital Library Technology Services. New York University. Retrieved July 31, 2018.
- ^ "Smallpox Hospital (Renwick Ruin)". rihs.us. Roosevelt Island Historical Society. Retrieved December 4, 2009.
- Beyer, Gregory (January 23, 2009). "Roosevelt Island - Signs of Progress for a Memorial Deferred on Roosevelt Island". The New York Times. Retrieved December 2, 2009.
- Dunlap, David W. (July 14, 1986). "Historic Roosevelt I. Building Faces Demolition as a Hazard". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 28, 2020.
- "Building the Roosevelt Memorial: A Conversation". Cooper Union. 2005. Retrieved January 17, 2025.
- "Maintenance logs for Delacorte Fountain on Roosevelt Island from 1968 to 1987". New York City Department of Records and Information Services. Retrieved January 17, 2025.
- Foderaro, Lisa W. (October 17, 2012). "Dedicating Park to Roosevelt and His View of Freedom". The New York Times. Retrieved January 17, 2025.
- Stone, David (August 2, 2021). "On its 10th anniversary, Southpoint Park is already dead". The Roosevelt Island Daily News. Retrieved January 17, 2025.
- "South Tour Stop 5: City Hospital". rihs.us. Roosevelt Island Historical Society. Retrieved January 17, 2025.
External links
- Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) No. NY-6077, "Welfare Island, Castle-Hospital", 6 photos, 3 data pages, 1 photo caption page
- Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) No. NY-6285, "Island Hospital (City Hospital)", 27 photos, 24 data pages, 3 photo caption pages
Roosevelt Island | |
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Manhattan, New York City | |
Places | |
Education | |
Transportation | |
Governance | |
See also: Manhattan Community Board 8 |
U.S. National Register of Historic Places in New York | ||
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- Hospital buildings completed in 1832
- Hospitals established in 1832
- Hospital buildings completed in 1861
- Defunct hospitals in Manhattan
- Hospital buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Manhattan
- Government buildings completed in 1861
- Roosevelt Island
- 1832 establishments in New York (state)
- James Renwick Jr. buildings
- Second Empire architecture in New York City
- 1861 establishments in New York (state)
- Buildings and structures demolished in 1994
- Demolished buildings and structures in Manhattan