| Revision as of 11:05, 20 August 2011 editEmausBot (talk | contribs)Bots, Template editors2,862,892 editsm r2.6.4) (robot Modifying: pt:Dissulfeto de hidrogênio← Previous edit |
Latest revision as of 15:22, 25 October 2024 edit undoMarbletan (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users5,558 editsNo edit summary |
| (78 intermediate revisions by 45 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
|
|
{{short description|Chemical compound}} |
|
{{chembox |
|
|
|
{{Chembox |
|
| verifiedrevid = 443861260 |
|
| verifiedrevid = 445806685 |
|
| Name = Hydrogen disulfide |
|
|
| ImageFile = Hydrogen disulfide bonds.png |
|
| Name = Hydrogen disulfide |
|
|
| ImageFile = Hydrogen disulfide bonds.png |
|
⚫ |
| ImageFile2 = H2S2-CM-3D-balls.png |
|
| ImageName = |
|
|
|
| ImageCaption2 = {{legend|yellow|Sulfur, S}}{{legend|white|Hydrogen, H}} |
| ⚫ |
| ImageFile2 = H2S2-CM-3D-balls.png |
|
|
| IUPACName = Dihydrogen disulfide |
|
| IUPACName = Dihydrogen disulfide |
|
| OtherNames = Hydrogen disulphide; Hydrogen persulfide; Hydrogen persulphide |
|
| OtherNames = {{ubl|Dithioperoxol|Hydrogen disulphide|Hydrogen persulfide|Hydrogen persulphide|Thiosulfenic acid}} |
|
|
| SystematicName = Disulfane |
|
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
|
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
|
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
|
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
|
| ChemSpiderID = 97274 |
|
| ChemSpiderID = 97274 |
|
| PubChem = 108196 |
|
| PubChem = 108196 |
| Line 20: |
Line 22: |
|
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
|
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
|
| StdInChIKey = BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
|
| StdInChIKey = BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
|
|
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} |
|
| CASNo = 13465-07-1 |
|
| CASNo = 13465-07-1 |
|
| RTECS = |
|
| RTECS = |
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
|
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
|
| H = 2 |
|
| H=2|S=2 |
|
⚫ |
| Appearance = Pale yellow liquid |
|
| S = 2 |
|
|
⚫ |
| Density = 1.334 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
| ⚫ |
| Appearance = yellow liquid |
|
|
|
| Solubility = |
| ⚫ |
| Density = 1.334 g cm<sup>-3</sup> |
|
|
| Solubility = |
|
| MeltingPtC = −89.6 |
|
| MeltingPtC = -89.6 |
|
| BoilingPtC = 70.7 |
|
⚫ |
}} |
|
| BoilingPtC = 70.7 |
|
| ⚫ |
}} |
|
|
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure |
|
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure |
|
| Coordination = |
|
| Coordination = |
|
| CrystalStruct = |
|
| CrystalStruct = |
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
|
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
|
| ExternalMSDS = |
|
| ExternalSDS = |
|
| EUClass = |
|
| FlashPt = flammable |
|
⚫ |
}} |
|
| RPhrases = |
|
|
| SPhrases = |
|
|
| FlashPt = flammable |
|
| ⚫ |
}} |
|
|
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related |
|
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related |
|
| OtherCpds = ]<br />] |
|
| OtherCompounds = {{ubl|]|]|]|]|]}} |
|
⚫ |
}} |
|
| OtherCations = |
|
| ⚫ |
}} |
|
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
'''Hydrogen disulfide''' is the ] with the formula {{chem2|H2S2}}. This ] is a pale yellow volatile liquid with a camphor-like odor. It decomposes readily to ] ({{chem2|H2S}}) and elemental ].<ref name=RS>{{cite book | doi = 10.1007/b13182 | chapter = Inorganic Polysulfanes H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>n</sub> with n > 1 | title = Topic in Current Chemistry | series = Topics in Current Chemistry | date = 2003 | last1 = Steudel | first1 = Ralf | volume = 231 | pages = 99–126 | isbn = 978-3-540-40378-4 }}</ref> |
|
'''Hydrogen disulfide''' (H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>) is an ]. This mal-odorous oil decomposes readily to ] (H<sub>2</sub>S). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
==Structure== |
|
==Structure== |
|
The structure of hydrogen disulfide is similar to that of ], with two central ] atoms and two outer ] atoms. However, the skew angle of the ] is different, as the H-S-S bond in hydrogen disulfide has a near-standard 90° ] of the ''syn'' ]. |
|
The connection of atoms in the hydrogen disulfide molecule is {{chem2|H\sS\sS\sH}}. The structure of hydrogen disulfide is similar to that of ], with C<sub>2</sub> ]. Both molecules are distinctly nonplanar. The ] between the {{chem2|H^{''a''}\sS\sS}} and {{chem2|S\sS\sH^{''b''}|}} planes is 90.6°, compared with 111.5° in {{chem2|H2O2}}. The {{chem2|H\sS\sS}} bond angle is 92°, close to 90° for unhybridized divalent sulfur.<ref name=RS/> |
|
|
|
|
|
⚫ |
==Synthesis== |
|
Skew angle in the H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub> molecule is 90.6°, compared with 113.7° in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. |
|
|
|
Hydrogen disulfide can be synthesised by ] ]s ({{chem2|H2S_{''n''}|}}) according to this idealized equation: |
|
Molecular dimensions in these two molecules are: O-O, O-H, S-S and S-H bonds have ] of 1.490, 0.970, 2.055 and 1.352 ]s respectively.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Davies, D. W. | title = Photoelectron spectra of hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen disulfide: ab initio calculations | volume = 28 | issue = 4 | pages = 520–522 | journal = Chemical Physics Letters | doi = 10.1016/0009-2614(74)80093-X | year = 1974}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | year = 1997 | author = P. Lazzeretti and R. Zanasi | title = On the calculation of parity-violating energies in hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen disulfide molecules within the random-phase approximation | volume = 279 | issue = 5-6 | pages = 349–354 | journal = Chemical Physics Letters | doi = 10.1016/S0009-2614(97)01060-9}}</ref> |
|
|
|
:{{chem2|H2S_{''n''} → H2S2 + S_{''n''−2}|}} |
|
|
The main impurity is trisulfane ({{chem2|H2S3}}).<ref name=RS/> The precursor polysulfane is produced by the reaction of ] with aqueous ]. The polysulfane precipitates as an oil.<ref name=RS/><ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=AzoCJfTmRDsC |title= A Text Book of Inorganic Chemistry |first= A. K. |last= De |isbn= 978-81-224-1384-7 |date= 2001-01-15|publisher= Imperial College Press }}</ref> |
|
|
|
|
|
|
==Reactions== |
| ⚫ |
==Synthesis and reactions== |
|
|
|
Upon contact with water or ], hydrogen disulfide readily decomposes under ambient conditions to ] and sulfur. |
|
Hydrogen disulfide can be synthesised by dissolving ] or ] ]s in water. When the solution is mixed with concentrated ] at −15 °C, a yellow oil consisting a mixture of ]s (H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>n</sub>) will pool below the aqueous layer. ] of this oil gives hydrogen disulfide separate from any other polysulfides (mostly trisulfide).<ref>{{cite book | url = http://books.google.com/?id=AzoCJfTmRDsC | title =A Text Book of Inorganic Chemistry | first = A. K. | last = De | isbn = 9788122413847 | date = 2001-01-15}}</ref><ref name="Walton and Parson">{{cite journal | year = 1921 | author = Walton and Parson | last2 = Parsons | first2 = Llewellyn B. | title = Preparation and Properties of the Persulfides of Hydrogen | volume = 43 | pages = 2539–48 | journal = J. Amer. Chem. Soc. | doi = 10.1021/ja01445a008}}</ref><ref name="Brauer-2">Georg Brauer: ''Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry'' Volume I, page 391, Wiley, 1963.</ref> |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hydrogen disulfide readily decomposes under ambient conditions to ] and sulfur.<ref name="Walton and Parson" /> In ], hydrogen disulfide adds to ]s to give ]s and ]s.<ref>, Robinson Brothers</ref> |
|
It is more acidic than ], but the p''K''<sub>a</sub> has not been reported.<ref name=RS/> |
|
|
|
|
|
In ], hydrogen disulfide adds to ]s to give ]s and ]s.<ref>, Robinson Brothers</ref> |
|
|
|
|
|
==Quantum tunneling and its suppression in deuterium disulfide== |
|
|
The ] form of hydrogen disulfide, deuterium disulfide {{chem2|D\sS\sS\sD}} (dideuterodisulfane), has a similar geometry to {{chem2|H\sS\sS\sH}}, but its tunneling time is slower, making it a convenient test case for the ], in which frequent observation of a quantum system suppresses its normal evolution. Trost and Hornberger<ref>{{cite journal|first1=J. |last1=Trost |first2=K. |last2=Hornberger |title=Hund's Paradox and the Collisional Stabilization of Chiral Molecules |journal=Phys. Rev. Lett. |volume=103 |issue=2 |page=023202 |date=2009 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.023202 |pmid=19659202|arxiv=0811.2140 |bibcode=2009PhRvL.103b3202T}}</ref> have calculated that while an isolated {{chem2|D\sS\sS\sD}} molecule would spontaneously oscillate between left and right chiral forms with a period of 5.6 milliseconds, the presence of a small amount of inert helium gas should stabilize the chiral states, the collisions of the helium atoms in effect "observing" the molecule's momentary ] and so suppressing spontaneous evolution to the other chiral state.<ref>, Physics Today, September 2009, p. 16</ref> |
|
|
|
|
|
==Health effects== |
|
==Health effects== |
|
Hydrogen disulfide has been described as "having a severe and irritating odour" that is similar to ] or ], causing "tears and a smarting sensation in the nostrils".<ref name="Walton and Parson" /> If it is present in high concentrations, it can cause dizziness, disorientation and ultimately unconsciousness.<ref>{{cite book | title =Seminars in general adult psychiatry | first = G | last = Stein, Wilkinson | publisher = Royal College of Psychiatrists | year = 2007 | isbn = 9781904671442}}</ref> |
|
In high concentrations, it can cause dizziness, disorientation and ultimately unconsciousness.<ref>{{cite book |title= Seminars in general adult psychiatry |first= G |last= Stein, Wilkinson |publisher= Royal College of Psychiatrists |year= 2007 |isbn= 978-1-904671-44-2}}</ref> |
|
|
|
|
|
==Historic literature== |
|
|
*{{cite journal |date= 1921-12-01 |last1= Walton|first1= James H. |last2= Parsons |first2= Llewellyn B. |title= Preparation and Properties of the Persulfides of Hydrogen |volume= 43 |issue= 12 |pages= 2539–48 |journal= J. Am. Chem. Soc. |doi= 10.1021/ja01445a008 |url= https://zenodo.org/record/1428820}} |
|
|
*Georg Brauer: ''Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry'' Volume I, page 391, Wiley, 1963. |
|
|
*von Richter, Victor: Translated by Edgar F Smith, "A Text-Book of Inorganic Chemistry", Page 111, P. Blakiston, Son & Co., 1893 |
|
|
|
|
|
==References== |
|
==References== |
|
{{reflist}} |
|
{{Reflist}} |
|
|
|
|
|
{{Hydrogen compounds}} |
|
{{Hydrogen compounds}} |
|
|
{{Hydrides by group}} |
|
|
|
|
|
] |
|
] |
|
] |
|
] |
|
|
|
|
] |
|
|
] |
|
|
] |
|
|
] |
|