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Calyx of Held

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The Calyx of Held is a particularly large synapse in the mammalian auditory central nervous system, so named by Hans Held in his 1893 article Die centrale Gehörleitung because of its resemblance to the calyx of a flower. Globular bushy cells in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) send axons to the contralateral medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB), where they synapse via these calyces on MNTB principal cells. These principal cells then project to the ipsilateral lateral superior olive (LSO), where they inhibit postsynaptic neurons and provide a basis for interaural level detection (ILD), required for high frequency sound localization. This synapse has been described as the largest in the brain.

The related endbulb of Held is also a large axon terminal smaller synapse (15-30 µm in diameter) found in other auditory brainstem structures, namely the cochlear nucleus. As with the calyces, these synapses promote fast, efficient information transfer.

References

  1. Held, H. "Die centrale Gehörleitung" Arch. Anat. Physiol. Anat. Abt, 1893
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  9. Morest, D. K. (1968). "The collateral system of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body of the cat, its neuronal architecture and relation to the olivocochlear bundle." Brain Res 9(2): 288-311.
  10. Ryugo DK, Montey KL, Wrigth AL, Bennett ML, Pongstaporn T (2006). "Postnatal development of a large auditory nerve terminal: The endbulb of Held in cats". Hearing Research. 216–217: 100–115. doi:10.1016/j.heares.2006.01.007. PMID 16497457.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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