National Transitional Council

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National Transitional Council of the Libyan Republicالمجلس الوطني الانتقالي al-majlis al-waṭanī al-intiqālī
Flag Coat of arms of Libya Coat of arms
Motto: Freedom, Justice, Democracy
Anthem: Libya, Libya, Libya
● Districts under NTC control. ● Districts under Gaddafi control. ● Districts with no overall control or where situation is unclear.
Capital	Claimed: Tripoli Temporary headquarters: Benghazi
Official languages	Libyan Arabic (de facto) Berber dialects (most prominently Nafusi)
Demonym(s)	Libyan
Government	Caretaker government

• Chairman	Mustafa Abdul Jalil
• Vice Chairman	Abdul Hafiz Ghoga
• Chairman of the Executive Board	Mahmoud Jebril

Establishment

• 2011 Libyan civil war	17 February 2011
• National Council established	27 February 2011

ISO 3166 code	LY
Website Official Website

The National Transitional Council (Arabic: المجلس الوطني الإنتقالي, al-majlis al-waṭanī al-'intiqālī, also known as the Interim National Council or the Libyan National Council, is a political body formed to represent Libya by Anti-Gaddafi forces during the 2011 Libyan civil war against the regime of Colonel Muammar al-Gaddafi. Its formation was announced in the city of Benghazi on 27 February 2011 and its intended purpose is to act as the "political face of the revolution". On 5 March 2011, the council issued a statement in which it declared itself to be the "sole representative of all Libya".

An interim government was formed by the council on 23 March 2011. It has so far been officially recognized as the sole legitimate representative of Libya by France, Qatar, Maldives, Italy, Spain, Kuwait, The Gambia, Jordan, Senegal, the United Kingdom, Australia, the United Arab Emirates, Germany, Canada, Panama, Austria, Latvia, and Denmark. Russia, Malta, and the United States of America have recognized it only as a legitimate political entity, but demanded that Gaddafi leave Libya. Turkey has recognized it as a co-legitimate representative of Libya along with Gaddafi's regime. Botswana, Malawi, Liberia, Peru and some Western governments have severed ties with Gaddafi's government, but have not recognized the council. Several other countries have established unofficial diplomatic ties with the National Transitional Council, with a number of those countries establishing a permanent diplomatic presence in Benghazi to liaise with republican officials.

The council refers to the Libyan state as the Libyan Republic while the Gaddafi government's name for the Libyan state is the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.

Background

2011 uprising and civil war

Main article: 2011 Libyan civil war

After popular movements overturned the rulers of Tunisia and Egypt, its immediate neighbours to the west and east, Libya experienced a full-scale uprising beginning in February 2011. By 20 February, the unrest had spread to Tripoli. As of late February 2011, much of Libya had slipped out of Gaddafi's control, falling to the Anti-Gaddafi forces. Eastern Libya, centered around the second city and vital port of Benghazi, was firmly under the control of the opposition. The opposition began to organise themselves into a functioning government.

Early efforts to form a government

On 24 February 2011, politicians, former military officers, tribal leaders, academics and businessmen held a meeting in the eastern city of Al Bayda. The meeting was chaired by former justice minister Mustafa Abdul Jalil, who quit the government a few days before. The delegates discussed proposals for interim administration with many delegates asking for UN intervention in Libya. The podium at the meeting displayed the pre-Jamahiriya flag.

On 25 February 2011, Al-Jazeera TV reported that talks are taking place between "personalities from eastern and western Libya" to form an interim government for the post-Gaddafi era. On 26 February, it was reported that former justice minister Mustafa Mohamed Abud Al Jeleil was leading the process of forming an interim body, to be based in Benghazi. Mr Abud Al Jeleil stated that "Gaddafi alone bore responsibility for the crimes that have occurred" in Libya; he also insisted on the unity of Libya and that Tripoli is the capital. The efforts to form an alternative government have been supported by the Libyan ambassador in the United States, Ali Suleiman Aujali. The Libyan deputy ambassador to the United Nations, Ibrahim Omar Al Dabashi, has stated that he supported a new alternative government "in principle".

Establishment of a national council

A National Transitional Council was formed on 27 February 2011 to act as "the political face of the revolution". Its spokesman Hafiz Ghoga made clear at the launch press conference that the national council is not a provisional government and Ghoga also added that the newly formed council was not contacting foreign governments and did not want them to intervene. He later clarified that an airstrike mandated by the United Nations would not be considered a foreign intervention.

An Al Jazeera English journalist in Benghazi has reported that a fully fledged interim government will not be formed until Tripoli is under opposition control. This is in contrast to claims made by former justice minister Mustafa Abdul Jalil on the previous day about the formation of a provisional government. These comments have now been clarified by the council as his "personal views".

On 5 March 2011, the council issued a statement in which it declared itself to be the "sole representative of all Libya". It was also stated that Mustafa Abdul Jalil was chairperson of the council.

Formation of a transitional government

On 23 March the council established an Executive Board to act as a transitional government for Libya. Mahmoud Jibril was appointed as Chairman of that board stating that council now serves as the "legislative body", and the new Executive Board will serve as the "executive body". Jebril is known to be leading the meeting and negotiations with French President Nicolas Sarkozy, a meeting that resulted in France officially recognizing the council as the sole representative of the Libyan people.

Aims and objectives of the national council

The "Declaration of the founding of the Transitional National Council" states the main aims of the council are as follows:

Ensure the safety of the national territory and citizens
Coordination of national efforts to liberate the rest of Libya
Support the efforts of local councils to work for the restoration of normal civilian life
Supervise of the Military Council to ensure the achievement of the new doctrine of the Libyan People's Army in the defense of the people and protect the borders of Libya
Facilitate the election of a constituent assembly to draft a new constitution for the country; be put to a popular referendum
Form a transitional government to pave the holding of free elections
Guide the conduct of foreign policy, and the regulation of relations with other countries and international and regional organizations, and the representation of the Libyan people

In another statement clarifying the goals for a post-Gaddafi Libya, the council has committed itself an eight-point plan to hold free and fair elections, draft a national constitution, form political and civil institutions, uphold intellectual and political pluralism, and guarantee citizens' inalienable human rights and the ability of free expression of their aspirations. The council also emphasized its rejection of racism, intolerance, discrimination, and terrorism.

Council structure and membership

National Transitional Council (legislative body)

National Transitional Council المجلس الوطني الانتقالي, al-majlis al-waṭanī al-intiqālī
Type
Type	Unicameral
Leadership
Chairman	Mustafa Abdul Jalil
Vice Chairman	Abdul Hafiz Ghoga
Seats	33 members
Meeting place
Benghazi, Libya (interim)
Website
Official Website

The National Transitional Council is a 33 member body that claims to be the "only legitimate body representing the people of Libya and the Libyan state".

Al Jazeera English reported that each city or town under opposition control will be given five seats on the new council and that contact will be established with new cities that come under opposition control to allow them to join the council. The identities of members of the council were not disclosed at the launch conference. What is known is that human rights lawyer Hafiz Ghoga is the spokesperson for the new council. An Al Jazeera English journalist in Benghazi stated that Mustafa Mohamed Abud Al Jeleil still had a leadership role within the new council. The Council declared that Jeleil is the head of the council. The council met formally for the first time on 5 March 2011 when it was announced that the council has 33 members. The names of some of the members are being kept secret to prevent threats to their families that are still in Government held areas of Libya.

Membership of the council

The council has 33 members; the identities of several members has not been made public to protect their own safety.

The members of the council include:

Mustafa Abdul Jalil - Chairman of the Council
Abdul Hafiz Ghoga - Vice Chairman of the Council, Spokesman, and City of Benghazi
Fatih Turbel - Youth
Omar El-Hariri - Military Affairs
Zubeir Ahmed El-Sharif - Political Prisoners
Fatih Mohammed Baja - Political Affairs and City of Benghazi
Salwa Fawzi El-Deghali - Legal Affairs and Women
Abdullah Moussa Al-Mayhoub - City of Qubba
Ahmed Al-Abbar - Economics
Ashour Bourashed - City of Derna
Uthman Megrahi - City of Batnan
Suleiman Al-Fortia - City of Misurata
Mohamed Al-Muntasir - City of Misurata

Executive Board (interim government)

Politics of Libya


Member State of the Arab League
Constitution 2017 draft constitution 2011 Constitutional Declaration (Basic Law) 1977 People's Authority 1969 Constitution 1951 Constitution
Executive Presidential Council (in Tripoli) Chairman: Mohamed al-Menfi Government of National Unity (in Tripoli) Prime Minister: Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh Government of National Stability (in Tobruk) Prime Minister: Osama Hammad (acting)
Legislature High Council of State Chairman: Khalid al-Mishri House of Representatives Chairman: Aguila Saleh Issa
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v t e

On 5 March 2011, a crisis committee was set up to act as the executive arm of the council. An Executive Board, was announced on 23 March 2011.

The executive board consists of:

Mahmoud Jebril – Chairman and Head of International Affairs
Ali Al-Issawi - Vice-Chairman
Ahmed Hussein Al-Darrat - Internal Affairs and Local Government
Mahmoud Shammam - Media
Naji Barakat - Health
Mohammed Al-Allagi - Justice and Human Rights
Hania Al-Gumati - Social Welfare
Abdullah Shamia - Economic
Ali Al-Tarhuni - Finance and Oil
Anwar Al-Faytouri - Transportation and Communications
Abulgassim Nimr - Environment
Atia Lawgali - Culture and Community
Abdulsalam Al-Shikhy - Religious Affairs and Endowments
Ahmed Al-Jehani - Reconstruction and Infrastructure
Suliman El-Sahli - Education

Local government

In opposition-held Benghazi, a 15 member "local committee" made up of lawyers, judges and respected local people has been formed in order to provide civic administration and public services within the city. Residents have organised to direct traffic and collect refuse. Many shops and businesses have opened again. A newspaper and two local radio stations have also been established.

Similar "local committees" are being formed in other cities controlled by opposition groups.

Commercial bodies

The council has established the following commercial bodies to manage its financial affairs:

The Central Bank of Benghazi - to act as the "monetary authority competent in monetary policies in Libya"
Libyan Oil Company - to act as the "supervisory authority on oil production and policies in the country"

Armed forces

The Anti-Gaddafi forces is a Libyan armed force which was constituted during the 2011 Libyan civil war by defected military members in order to engage in battle against both remaining members of the Libyan Armed Forces and paramilitary loyal to the rule of Muammar Gaddafi. The National Liberation Army, formerly known as the Free Libyan Army, is its military arm, with the small Free Libyan Air Force operating assets including captured and defected fighter jets and helicopters.

On 1 April 2011, Abdul Fatah Younis was announced as commander of the armed forces, in an attempt to insert an organized fighting structure due to a string of failures.

Foreign relations

File:CountriesRecognizingNationalTransitionalCouncil.png

● Countries that have recognised the National Transitional Council as Libya's sole legitimate representative.
● Countries that have permanent informal relations with Benghazi but have not granted official recognition.
● Location of Libya

Foreign policy

In its 5 March 2011 "Founding Statement", the Council stated, "Furthermore, we request from the international community to fulfill its obligations to protect the Libyan people from any further genocide and crimes against humanity without any direct military intervention on Libyan soil." Ali Al-Issawi was designated the Council's foreign affairs spokesperson in March 2011. Mahmoud Jebril later replaced Ali Al-Issawi and was designated as the Head of International Affairs.

Recognition

As of 18 June 2011, eighteen countries recognize the National Transitional Council as the sole legitimate representative body of Libya. Notably, at least one country on every continent has extended this level of recognition or the equivalent thereof.

	Entity	Date/Status of recognition	Status of reciprocal diplomatic relations
1	France	Recognized on 10 March 2011	France, of all Western countries, was the most staunchly pro-rebel from the start. On 5 March 2011, French foreign ministry spokesperson Bernard Valero stated France's support for the council saying that France "pledges support for the principles that motivate it and the goals it has set itself". French foreign minister Alain Juppé referred to Gaddafi's actions as "criminal folly". An Élysée source announced that France plans to send an ambassador to Benghazi. On 29 March, A French official told AFP that Antoine Sivan, a French diplomat, is on his way to Benghazi to represent France.
2	Qatar	Recognized on 28 March 2011	The Qatari government and the National Transitional Council concluded a deal on 27 March 2011 for the Gulf state to market oil exports from the territory administered by the council, and Qatar recognised the council as Libya's sole legitimate representative the next day. Qatar's recognition of the council received vocal support from the Gulf Co-operation Council.
3	Maldives	Recognized on 3 April 2011	On 3 April 2011, the President's Office of Maldives released a press statement stating that the Maldives has officially decided to recognise the Libyan National Council as the sole legitimate representative body of the Libyan people. “The Maldives will always support people who stand up against human rights violations,” said President Mohamed Nasheed. “The Libyan National Transition Council has become the sole legitimate representative of Libya and its people,” the President added.
4	Italy	Recognized on 4 April 2011	Although Italy's president, Silvio Berlusconi, was initially disinclined to intervene, On 28 February 2011, Italian foreign minister Franco Frattini said at that time that "only Italy has contacts with the new Libyan National Council". Italian government has supported the UN resolution and has stated their willingness to support and participate on international military intervention.Foreign Minister Franco Frattini stated that Italy has decided to recognize the National Transitional Council in the eastern Libyan city of Benghazi as its "only legitimate interlocutor" in Libya.
5	Kuwait	Recognized on 13 April 2011	Foreign Affairs Minister Mohammad al-Sabah said during the meeting of a contact group in Doha that Kuwait has taken steps to support the Libyan people and the National Transitional Council that are "tantamount to accepting its legitimacy". On April 4, Sheikh Mohammad al-Salem al-Sabah, the Kuwaiti foreign minister, told Reuters that formal recognition of the Libyan opposition council is due "in a few days". The Voice of Russia reported on 22 April that Sabah had announced Kuwait's recognition of the council on 13 April.
6	The Gambia	Recognized on 22 April 2011	The West African state of Gambia said it recognised the National Transitional Council as the only legitimate body representing Libyan interests. The Gambia also expelled Tripoli's diplomats.
7	Jordan	Recognized on 24 May 2011	The government said it recognised the council as Libya's government and would soon dispatch a permanent diplomatic envoy to Benghazi, according to Foreign Minister Nasser Judeh.
8	Senegal	Recognized on 28 May 2011	Senegalese President Abdoulaye Wade declared that his country officially recognises the NTC as the legitimate opposition of Libya on 20 May. He also declared that the NTC should lead the transition of power. Eight days later, after meeting with top NTC officials, he declared the body was recognized as the "legitimate representative of the Libyan people".
9	United Kingdom	Recognized on 4 June 2011	On 5 March 2011, Defence Secretary Liam Fox stated that (QA SMALL BRITISH DIPLOMATIC TEAM) was in Benghazi. On 10 March, Britain and France released a statement calling on Europe to recognise the National Transitional Council. Britain was the first country to formally invite the National Transitional Council to open a diplomatic office within its borders. The Foreign Secretary William Hague said that the council was the "legitimate representative of the Libyan people".On 12 May 2011, Foreign Secretary William Hague stated that "Gaddafi should realise in our view that time is against him and it is the National Transitional Council that is the legitimate interlocutor representative of the Libyan people". He also announced that the NTC had been invited to open a mission in London. During a visit to Benghazi in June, he reiterated that the UK views the NTC as the "legitimate representative of the Libyan people."
10	Spain	Recognized on 8 June 2011	Foreign Minister Trinidad Jiménez announced on 13 April that Spain would send a permanent diplomatic mission to Benghazi, headed by José Riera, in two week's time. Its purpose will be to "formalize Spanish relations with the LNC and to conduct institutional meetings with its members". A rebel spokesman mistakenly said Spain had recognized the council on 5 May 2011, which the Spanish government denied. Spain formally recognized the council a little more than a month later as "the only legitimate representative of Libya", according to press reports.
11	Australia	Recognized on 9 June 2011	Foreign Minister Kevin Rudd described the council as the "legitimate interlocutor of the Libyan people" and indicated that Australia's grant of diplomatic recognition was in line with that granted by countries like France, Qatar, and the United Kingdom.
12	UAE	Recognized on 12 June 2011	Foreign Minister H.H. Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan said in a statement on 12 June that "There is no legitimacy in Libya today but of the TNC".
13	Germany	Recognized on 13 June 2011	Vice-chairman of the NTC Abdel Hafiz Ghoga said during a visit to Benghazi of Germany's foreign minister Guido Westerwelle that "He said clearly ... that the national council is the legitimate representation of the Libyan people".
14	Canada	Recognized on 14 June 2011	The government of Canada announced that they have recognized the National Transitional Council as "the legitimate representative of the Libyan people."
15	Panama	Recognized on 14 June 2011	Panamanian President Ricardo Martinelli recognized the National Transitional Council as "the legitimate representative of the Libyan people."
16	Austria	Recognized on 18 June 2011	Deputy Chancellor Michael Spindelegger, who also holds the portfolio of the Foreign Ministry, said he would travel to Benghazi on 19 June to meet with the council. The day before Spindelegger's scheduled departure, Vice-Chancellor Alexander Schallenberg stated that Austria will officially recognize the NTC as the sole legitimate representative of the Libyan people, but Spindelegger would not be able to make his trip as planned due to security concerns.
17	Latvia	Recognized on 20 June 2011	During a visit to Latvia of NTC member Abdurrahman Shalgam the Political Director of Latvia, Razāns, announced that "Latvia recognises the Transitional National Council of Libya as the political interlocutor representing the Libyan people during this interim period."
18	Denmark	Recognized on 22 June 2011	On 19 April 2011, the The Libyan Observatory for Democracy and Human Rights, a non-governmental organization and umbrella organization for the National Transitional Council opened an office in Copenhagen. On May 5th, Danish government spokesperson Jean Ellermann Kingombe said Copenhagen hasn't taken that step of formal recognition, but considers the council "a relevant partner for dialogue". Later, following a media offensive by Gaddafi against Denmark, the Libyan consul general to Denmark, Denmark broke what was left of its relations with Gaddafi and expelled Gaddafi's diplomat. On 22 June, during a visit to Benghazi, Foreign Minister Lene Espersen announced that that, "In the current transition period Denmark regards the TNC as the sole legitimate representative of the Libyan people".
	United States	Formal relations Rejection of Gaddafi government De facto recognition	On March 10th, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton met anti-Gaddafi opposition leaders during a trip to Egypt and Tunisia. After the meeting between Clinton and representatives of the council, the European Union and the U.S have decided to talk to the council without officially recognising them, in order to seek further information on the group and its goals. On 17 March 2011, ahead of a U.N vote on a no-fly zone, Under Secretary of State William Burns affirmed U.S support for a no-fly zone, as well as more aggressive measures to restrain Gaddhafi, that the U.S is investigating transferring Gaddafi's frozen assets to the rebels, and that the NTC may open an embassy in Washington. On 29 March, the U.S. confirmed that it will send a formal representative to Benghazi. The confirmation came after a conference in London, where the council's Prime Minister met with Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, as well as with other participating countries in the conference. In late April, Ambassador Gene Cretz said the U.S. was continuing to consider formal recognition of the council, but in the meantime, it is providing strong informal support, including reportedly authorizing international oil deals with rebel-held eastern Libya. On 13 May 2011, U.S. National Security Adviser Tom Donilon said his government recognized the National Transitional Council as "a legitimate and credible interlocutor of the Libyan people", according to media reports, after meeting with Prime Minister Mahmoud Jebril. White House Press Secretary Jay Carney said that the U.S. had not yet decided to fully recognize the council as Libya's sole legitimate representative body. On 24 May, the NTC opened a formal diplomatic office in Washington, D.C, (the U.S. had already had an office in Benghazi with a formal envoy for nearly two months). On 9 June, Clinton said, "The United States views the Transitional National Council as the legitimate interlocutor for the Libyan people during this interim period," but Washington and Benghazi indicated that the U.S. still had not committed to the same level of formal recognition as France and several other countries.
	Tunisia	Informal Relations Rejection of Gaddafi Government De facto recognition	Tunisia's cabinet spokesman, Taieb Baccouche, announced that Tunisia was ready to recognize the rebels as the sole legitimate government of Libya as soon as they came to negotiate for it. It gave three reasons for this action: that the shelling of its own people rendered Gaddhafi's government illegitimate, that it still resented Gaddhafi's support to Ben Ali during the Tunisian Revolution, and that Gaddhafi's shelling of its territory had rendered its previous strategy of neutrality ineffective. Abdul Jalil visited Tunisia on 18 June to meet with Prime Minister Beji Caid el Sebsi and said that Tunisia had not recognized his government publicly, but he believed the meeting indicated de facto recognition. Tunisia has not commented since the chairman's visit.
	Portugal	Informal relations Rejection of Gaddafi government	The Sydney Morning Herald reported on 11 March that Portugal recognized the council shortly after France, but it did not quote a source, and it remained uncorroborated for some time. The Portuguese government has not issued an official statement, though it voted for United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 and its UN ambassador asserted that "the regime that has ruled Libya for over 40 years has come to an end by the will of the Libyan people", referring to Gaddafi's government and the uprising against it.On 9 June, Portuguese Foreign Minister Luis Amado clarified that they had not yet recognized, but "the decision will be taken soon by this government or the next." He said that while Lisbon plans to recognize the council and is dispatching a permanent diplomatic mission to Benghazi, his government has some concerns as to decisions it has made that it wants to be assuaged before it officially grants recognition.
	Turkey	Informal relations	Turkey's foreign minister recognised the council as a representative of the Libyan people during a visit to Ankara on 23 May 2011 by its chairman, Mustafa Abdul Jalil. Although they recognise the NTC as a legitimate partner, they did not renounce recognition of Gaddafi's government, according to the foreign minister.
	Malta	Informal relations	Prime Minister Lawrence Gonzi announced on 1 June 2011 that Malta is recognising the National Transitional Council of Libya as the sole legitimate interlocutor of the Libyan people. However, Foreign Minister Tonio Borg clarified on 2 June that Malta would retain an embassy in Tripoli and does not recognize the council as Libya's government, just as its legitimate interlocutor.
	Greece	Informal relations	Greece maintains diplomatic liaison presence in Benghazi since 15th of May 2011.
	Egypt	Informal relations	Egyptian Foreign Minister Nabil Elaraby said on 25 May 2011 that his government would post former Deputy Foreign Minister Hany Khallaf in Benghazi to liaise with the council as Egypt's diplomatic envoy.
	Poland	Informal relations	During his visit to Benghazi on May 11, Polish Foreign Minister Radosław Sikorski said "We recognize the council as the legitimate interlocutor of the international community and as a representative of the democratic aspirations of the Libyan people." On 21 June, the government announced its ambassador to Libya, Wojciech Brożek, would head up a permanent diplomatic office in Benghazi.
	Ireland	Verbal recognition Rejection of Gaddafi Government	The Irish Minister of Foreign Affairs Mr Eamon Gilmore has stated 'I believe that Colonel Qadhafi has lost all legitimacy to rule and should be encouraged to leave the stage'.Mr Gilmore met with the NTC's UN representative, Mr el-Gamaty in Dublin City. After the meeting Mr el-Gamaty stated “Mr Gilmore said that,'in practical terms, he does look at the council as the true interlocutor and voice of the Libyan people, he does recognise our aspiration for a transition to democracy and he believes that Gadafy and his sons must leave power'. Speaking in the parliment the foreign minister stated that as a country Ireland 'supported those seeking to esablish democracy in Libya'
	Russia	Verbal recognition only	Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said on May 24th that Russia will be recognising the Council as a "legitimate negotiator for the country's future." Lavrov, Russia's Foreign Minister specified by saying that the NTC "does not seek to be recognized as the only legitimate representative of the Libyan people, but wants to be seen as a legitimate partner in negotiations on Libya's future". Russia, however, has not broken off relations with Gaddafi, and met him via envoy on June 8th.

International response

Other countries

The council has stated that it would like to be recognised by the international community. The Chairman of the Council told Al Jazeera that "there are official contacts with European and Arab ".

Bulgaria: Foreign Minister Nikolay Mladenov said his country will not recognise the National Transitional Council as a legitimate government, stating that such an action would be against Bulgaria's long-term interests and the safety of its citizens in Libya. Prime Minister Boyko Borisov has confirmed this position, pointing out that representatives of the NTC are linked to the imprisonment and torture of five Bulgarian nurses and a Palestinian doctor (see HIV trial in Libya). As of March 31, Bulgaria remained the only EU member with a functioning embassy in the official capital Tripoli; however, following attacks on other embassies in Tripoli, the Bulgarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced that its embassy was evacuated to Djerba in neighbouring Tunisia on 1 May 2011. Vesela Cherneva, the MFA spokeperson, said the move was temporary and the embassy would return once circumstances allowed it.

Mauritania: The Rally of Democratic Forces, Mauritania's main opposition party, recognized the National Transitional Council as "the only legitimate representative of the Libyan people" in late May 2011. The status of relations between Nouakchott and both Tripoli and Benghazi is unclear, as President Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz has called for Gaddafi's departure but has not publicly addressed the question of the council's legitimacy.

Netherlands: On 5 May 2011, a spokesman for the council said the Netherlands had recognized it as the legitimate representative of Libya. The Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs flatly denied the claim, saying, "That message is not correct." The Dutch government, though a participant in strike missions in Libya under United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973, said in June it believes other states have moved too quickly in recognizing or otherwise affirming the legitimacy of the National Transitional Council.

People's Republic of China: According to a Foreign Ministry statement from Beijing, the ambassador of the People's Republic of China to Qatar met and "exchanged views on developments in Libya" with Chairman Abdul-Jalil in early June. The statement provided no further details regarding the meeting.

South Africa: In early June, President Jacob Zuma said his administration was attempting to work with both the government in Tripoli, which South Africa continues to recognize as the legitimate representative of Libya despite voting for military intervention at the United Nations Security Council, and the "rebels trying to oust " to recover the remains of South African photojournalist Anton Hammerl, one of several foreign journalists killed by forces loyal to Gaddafi during the Libyan civil war.

Venezuela: The government of President Hugo Chavez, a staunch ally and friend of Gaddafi, said that it refused to recognize the Benghazi government and insisted that only the Tripoli government was legitimate. Reinaldo Bolivar, Venezuela's Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs for Africa, also insisted that "there were no problems until a coalition of US and European countries began the shelling", and expressed his support for a "diplomatic solution to the crisis".

International organisations

The following organisations have expressed their support for the council:

Arab League: Reports indicate that the Arab League had been involved in a move by "a European leader close to Gaddafi" to encourage Gaddafi to leave Libya in return for him not being prosecuted for his actions against the population. The Arab League voted for a no-fly zone at a special meeting in Cairo. The National Transitional Council was said to have given its consent, and Amr Moussa, secretary general of the Arab League had been speaking to the National Transitional Council's head, Mustafa Mohamed Abud Al Jeleil, for the first time. Following a special meeting of foreign ministers held on 12 March 2011, the Arab League voted to ask the United Nations to establish a no-fly zone over Libya. The league also declared that the Gaddafi regime had "lost its legitimacy" and that it would instead "cooperate with the national council". Libya is currently suspended from the proceedings of the Arab League.

Gulf Cooperation Council: GCC have issued a statement that Gaddafi and his regime have lost their legitimacy and that they will form a relationship with the National Transitional Council.

European Union - EU leaders at a summit expressed political backing for the Libyan National Council. The Commission President José Manuel Barroso stated that "The problem has a name: Gaddafi. He must go". EU leaders also announced it would cut off all ties with Gaddafi and would instead deal with the council. After a meeting between Clinton and representatives of the council, the EU and the U.S have decided to talk to the council without officially recognising them, in order to seek further information on the group and its goals. During his visit to Benghazi on May 11, Polish Foreign Minister Radosław Sikorski said that the EU recognised the interim rebel council as a “legitimate interlocutor”. This visit was agreed with EU foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton. Accrding to Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs the Libyan Interim Transitional National Council is "recognized by the European Union and a vast majority of the international community as the right partner for political contacts in Libya." On May 22, EU High Representative Catherine Ashton opened the EU Office in Benghazi and met with the Chairman of the transitional National Council, Mustafa Abdul Jalil.

Individuals

The following individuals have expressed their support for the council:

Ibrahim Al-Dabashi, Deputy Libyan ambassador to the U.N, has stated that he is now representing the National Transitional Council.
Mohammed El Senussi, Current Pretender to the Libyan Throne, stated he supports the National Transitional Council as long as they continue to act in the best interest of the Libyan people.
Yusuf al-Qaradawi, Egyptian Islamist Sheikh, declared his support for the rebels led by the Council in the 2011 Libyan civil war, urging Arab nations to recognize the Council and “to confront the tyranny of the regime in Tripoli". He suggested weapons be sent to the rebels to assist them, and said “Our Islamic nation should stand against injustice and corruption and I urge the Egyptian government to extend a helping hand to Libyan people and not to Gaddafi.”

Military intervention

Main article: 2011 military intervention in Libya

United Nations resolution 1973 authorized a multi-national effort to establish a no-fly zone. On 19 March, British, French and United States air forces began attacking targets in Gaddafi-controlled Libya, thereby initiating UN military intervention.

References

March 31st Updates | Libya February 17th
^ "Ferocious battles in Libya as national council meets for first time". NewsCore. 6 March 2011. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ The Interim Transitional National Council Decree 3, published 5 March 2011
^ "Founding statement of the Interim Transitional National Council". Transitional National Council. 5 March 2011. Archived from the original on 7 March 2011. Retrieved 7 March 2011. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
http://af.reuters.com/article/libyaNews/idAFLDE75D1YG20110614
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-12548239
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External links

Media

Future for Libya
The battle for Libya - Radio France Internationale dossier
Political and International Affairs Committee, The Interim National Council, "A Vision of a Democratic Libya," March 29, 2011 (pdf document)

Other groups

Libyan civil war (2011)

Part of the Arab Spring

Timeline

Forces

Battles

Cyrenaica	Battle of Bayda First Battle of Benghazi First Battle of Brega Battle of Ra's Lanuf Battle of Bin Jawad Second Battle of Brega Battle of Ajdabiya Second Battle of Benghazi First Gulf of Sidra offensive Third Battle of Brega Battle of Brega–Ajdabiya road Cyrenaica campaign Fourth Battle of Brega Ra's Lanuf raid
Fezzan	Sabha clashes Fezzan campaign Battle of Sabha Ghadames raid
Tripolitania	First Tripoli clashes Battle of Misrata First Battle of Zawiya Nafusa Mountain Campaign Battle of Wazzin Battle of Gharyan Battle of the Misrata frontline Zliten uprising Battle of Zliten Battle of Tawergha Zawiya skirmish Msallata clashes Rebel coastal offensive Second Battle of Zawiya Ras Ajdir clashes Battle of Tripoli Second Gulf of Sidra offensive Battle of Sirte Battle of Bani Walid Second Tripoli clashes

NATO operations

People

Anti-Gaddafi	Mustafa Abdul Jalil Mahmoud Jibril Abdul Fatah Younis Khalifa Haftar Abdelhakim Belhadj Ali al-Sallabi Abdul Hafiz Ghoga Suleiman Mahmoud Omar El-Hariri Mohammed Ali Madani Mustafa Bin Dardef Hamid Hassy Daou al-Salhine al-Jadak Jalal al-Digheily Ali Tarhouni Abdel Moneim al-Houni Ali Zeidan Abdurrahim El-Keib Osama al-Juwaili Ahmed al-Senussi Hussein Darbouk Fathi Terbil Ali Attalah Obeidi Mahdi al-Harati Khalid Shahmah Yousef Mangoush Abu Oweis Abdullah Naker Ismail al-Salabi Sadiq Al-Ghariani Seham Sergiwa Fathi Bashagha Mustafa A. G. Abushagur Ahmed Omar Bani Al-Mahdi Al-Barghathi Salwa Bughaighis Abdel-Hakim al-Hasidi Kais al-Hilali Ali Abd-al-Aziz al-Isawi Mohammed Magariaf Mohammed Najm Mehdi Mohammed Zeyo Mahmoud al-Werfalli
Pro-Gaddafi	Muammar Gaddafi Abu-Bakr Yunis Jabr Saif al-Islam Gaddafi Khamis Gaddafi Mutassim Gaddafi Al-Saadi Gaddafi Ayesha Gaddafi Abdullah Senussi Ali Sharif al-Rifi Moussa Ibrahim Abuzed Omar Dorda Baghdadi Mahmudi Mansour Dhao Saif al-Arab Gaddafi Ahmed al-Gaddafi al-Qahsi Mohammed Abdullah al-Senussi Bashir Saleh Bashir Ahmed Gaddaf al-Dam Abdel Rahman Abdel Hamid Tohami Khaled Ali Kanna Khweldi Hameidi Muftah Anaqrat Hasan al-Kabir al-Gaddafi Mohamed Gayth Massoud Abdelhafid Mahdi al-Arabi Huda Ben Amer Hala Misrati Safia Farkash Abdul Ati al-Obeidi Mohamed Abu al-Qasim al-Zwai Salih Rajab al-Mismari Abdul Majid al-Qa′ud Tayeb El-Safi Sayyid Gaddaf al-Dam Bashir Saghir Hawadi Abdulqadir al-Baghdadi Mustafa Kharoubi
NATO	James G. Stavridis Charles Bouchard Ralph Jodice Rinaldo Veri J. Christopher Stevens
Others	Moussa Koussa Shukri Ghanem Abdel Rahman Shalgham Abdessalam Jalloud Ali Treki Imbarek Shamekh Nuri al-Mismari Mohammed Nabbous Iman al-Obeidi Prince Mohammed El Senussi Prince Idris bin Abdullah al-Senussi Hussein Sadiq al Musrati Mustafa Ben Halim Ihab Al-Mismari

Places, buildings
and structures

Impact

Other

Italics denote operations or battles related to the military intervention in Libya
Category
Commons
Wikinews
Wikiquotes

v t e Legislatures in Africa
Sovereign states	Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eswatini Ethiopia Gabon The Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Western Sahara Zambia Zimbabwe
Dependencies, autonomies, other territories	Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla (Spain) Madeira (Portugal) Mayotte / Réunion (France) Saint Helena / Ascension Island / Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom) Puntland Somaliland (disputed) Zanzibar (Tanzania)
Italics indicate an unrecognised or partially recognised state.

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