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Year 1294 (MCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

• July 5 – Pope Celestine V succeeds Nicholas IV as the 192nd pope.
• Autumn – In response to the actions of new royal administrators in north and west Wales, Madog ap Llywelyn leads a revolt against his English overlords.
• December 24 – Pope Boniface VIII succeeds Pope Celestine V as the 193rd pope after Celestine V abdicates the papacy on December 13, only 5 months after reluctantly accepting his surprise election on July 5, wishing to return to his life as an ascetic hermit.
• The death of Kublai Khan allows the 4 khanates of the Mongol Empire (the Chagatai Khanate, the Golden Horde, the Ilkhanate, and the Yuan Dynasty of China) to formally become independent; they each had already been moving toward independence during Kublai's reign.
• John Balliol, King of Scotland, decides to refuse King Edward I of England's demands for support in a planned invasion of France, and instead informs the French of Edward's plans and negotiates the Auld Alliance with France and Norway. These actions play a part in precipitating the Scottish Wars of Independence, which begin in 1296.
• The Strata Florida Abbey is rebuilt; it had been destroyed some years earlier in King Edward I of England's conquest of Wales.
• Architect Arnolfo di Cambio designs the Florentine cathedral Santa Maria del Fiore, better known simply as Il Duomo. He also begins work on the Basilica di Santa Croce di Firenze, also in Florence.
• England and Portugal enter into the first iteration of the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, the oldest alliance in the world still in force.
• Edward I of England and Philip the Fair of France declare war on each other. To finance this war, both kings lay taxes on the clergy. Pope Boniface VIII insists that kings gain papal consent of taxation of the clergy and forbids churchmen to pay taxes.

Births

• Charles IV of France (d. 1328)
• Kusunoki Masashige, Japanese samurai (d. 1336)

Deaths

• February 18 – Kublai Khan of the Mongol Empire (b. 1215)
• May 3 – John I, Duke of Brabant
• December 25 – Mściwój II of Pomerania
• Roger Bacon, English philosopher and scientist
• Emperor Yagbe'u Seyon of Ethiopia
• John I of Brienne, Count of Eu
• Brunetto Latini, Florentine philosopher (b. c. 1220)
• Dmitri of Pereslavl, Grand Duke of Vladimir-Suzdal

• 1294