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House of Stuart

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The House of Stuart or Stewart is a British/Scottish Royal House of Breton origin. The distinction is because the House started off ruling Scotland but after the death of Elizabeth I of England, last monarch from the House of Tudor, took over the whole of Britain. It was followed by the House of Hanover. The House began with the hereditary High Stewards of Scotland


History

Walter the Steward (died 1177) was been born in Shropshire, the son Alan Fitz Flaad, a Norman conqueror. Along with his brother William, ancestor of the Fitzalan family (the Earls of Arundle), he supported Empress Maud during the Anarchy. Maud was aided by her uncle, David I of Scotland, and Walter followed David north in 1141, after Maud had been usurped by Stephen. Walter was granted land in Renfrewshire and the position of Lord High Steward. Malcolm IV made the position hereditary and it was inherited by Walter's son, who took the surname Stewart.

The sixth High Steward of Scotland, Walter Stewart (1293-1326), married Majory, daughter of Robert the Bruce, and fathered Robert II of Scotland. As heir to the House of Bruce, Robert inherited the Scottish throne in 1371, when his uncle died childless. In 1503, James IV of Scotland married Margaret Tudor, daugher of Henry VII of England, to cement peace between the two kingdoms, bringing the House of Stewart into the line of descent of the House of Tudor.

Maragret Tudor later married Archibald Douglas, 6th Early of Anugs, and their daughter was the mother of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, who married Mary I of Scotland. Darnley's surname was properly Stewart, though the spelling had been altered during his father's time at the English court. Lord Darnley was himself a direct descendant of the fourth High Steward, Alexander Stewart, so Mary's heirs remained part of the House of Stewart.

Heads of the House of Stewart

High Stewards of Scotland

  • Walter the Steward, 1st High Steward of Scotland (died 1177)
  • Alan Stewart, 2nd High Steward of Scotland (died 1204)
  • Walter Stewart, 3rd High Steward of Scotland (died 1246)
  • Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Sctoland (died 1283)
  • James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland (died 1309)
  • Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland (died 1326)
  • Robert Stewart, 7th High Steward of Scotland (afterwards, Robert II of Scotland|Robert II)

Scottish Monarchs

British Monarchs

During the period between Charles I and Charles II, Britain was a Republican Commonwealth, and then a Protectorate under Oliver Cromwell and Richard Cromwell.

Pretenders

See Also

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