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Victor August Herbert (February 1, 1859–May 26, 1924) was a popular composer of light opera, and an accomplished cellist and conductor. He was a founder of th American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP).

Biography

Herbert was born in Dublin, Ireland, and at age three and a half, shortly after the death of his father, moved to live with his playwright grandfather, where he received encouragement in his creative endeavours. However, after his mother remarried a physician, his music was put on hold until a relatively late age.

Early career

Herbert received his early musical training in Europe at the Stuttgart Conservatory, where he developed into an outstanding cellist. He played cello in the orchestra of Johann Strauss in Vienna. He came to the United States in 1886 when his wife, soprano Therese Förster, was engaged by the Metropolitan Opera Company. He played cello in the Met orchestra. Madame Herbert-Förster sang the title role in the Met's first production of Verdi's Aida.

Conductor

In 1892, Victor Herbert exhibited another side of his musical life when he became conductor of the 22nd Regimental Band of the New York National Guard, succeeding the great Patrick Gilmore; the following year he took over leadership of Gilmore’s civilian band following Gilmore’s death. Herbert conducted the Pittsburgh Symphony from 1898 until 1902, building that orchestra into a major American ensemble, with tours to major cities, including New York and Chicago, where his Auditorium Festival March celebrated the twelfth anniversary of Chicago's Auditorium Theatre in 1901, designed by Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright. Six years later, Herbert founded the Victor Herbert Orchestra and conducted programs of light orchestral music on tours and at summer resorts for many years.

Composer

Among other works, Herbert composed two operas, Natoma and Madeleine, one cantata, 43 operettas, incidental music to 10 stage productions of others including several of the Ziegfeld Follies, 31 compositions for orchestra including the Auditorium Festival March (1901), nine band compositions, nine cello compositions and five violin compositions with piano or orchestra, 22 piano compositions, one flute and clarinet duet with orchestra, 54 songs not including those from other works, 12 choral compositions, and numerous orchestrations of works by other composers.

In 1894, Herbert composed the first of his operettas, Prince Ananias, and it was soon followed by The Serenade and The Fortune Teller. Starting in 1903, Babes in Toyland, Mlle. Modiste, The Red Mill, Naughty Marietta, and other successes made him one of the best-known figures in American music. He finally realized his long-standing intention to compose an Irish operetta, Eileen, produced in 1917. Herbert's last operetta was Dream Girl in 1924. His most successful operettas include:

Herbert's operettas are still performed and recorded today by light opera companies, as well as occasionally by the larger opera companies.

Herbert's first opera Natoma debuted in Philadelphia on February 25, 1911 and in New York on Feburary 28, 1911. It starred Mary Garden in the title role and the young Irish tenor John McCormack in his opera debut, creating the role of the American seaman, Paul. His short opera Madeleine was produced at the Metropolitan Opera in 1914.

Herbert's 1894 Cello Concerto No. 2 in E minor, op. 30 is featured on a recent Yo-Yo Ma recording with Kurt Masur and the New York Philharmonic, adding weight to Herbert's reputation as an under appreciated composer of his era. An early rare recording with Bernard Greenhouse and the Vienna Symphony Orchestra conducted by Max Schoenherr displays a warm cello sound and a virtuoso technique produced by one of the greatest American cellists of the twentieth century.

ASCAP

In the early years of the twentieth century, Herbert championed the right of composers to profit from their work and worked closely with John Philip Sousa, Irving Berlin, and others in founding, on February 13, 1914, the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP), the organization that even today protects the rights of creative musicians. Herbert served as the organization's vice president for a decade.

Bibliography

• Kaye, Joseph (1931). Victor Herbert: The Biography of America's Greatest Composer of Romantic Music. New York: G. Howard Watt. OCLC 871263.
• Purdy, Claire Lee (1944). Victor Herbert: American Music Master. New York: Julian Messner, Inc. OCLC 3898217.
• Waters, Edward N. (1955). Victor Herbert: A Life in Music. New York: Macmillan. OCLC 1293405.
• Herbert, Victor (1927). Victor Herbert Song Album (Vol. 1 ed.). New York: M. Witmark & Sons. OCLC 8022756.
• Herbert, Victor (1938). Victor Herbert Song Album (Vol. 2 ed.). New York: M. Witmark & Sons. OCLC 38229555.
• Herbert, Victor (1976). The Music of Victor Herbert. New York: Warner Bros. Publications. OCLC 3551867.

Recent recordings

• The Music of Victor Herbert recorded by Beverly Sills, soprano, and Andre Kostelanetz, conducting, on Angel records SFO-37160 (1976)

• Cello Concerto no, 2 recorded by Julian Lloyd Webber with the London Symphony Orchestra conducted by Sir Charles Mackerras on EMI Classics 747 622-2

• Victor Herbert Eileen Romantic Comic Opera in Three Acts (1917) recorded in 1998 by the Ohio Light Opera, James Stewart, Artistic Director; Newport Classic, (NPD 85615/2)

• Victor Herbert: Beloved Songs and Classic Miniatures (1999) recorded by Virginia Croskery, soprano, and Keith Brion, conducting the Slovak Radio Symphony Orchestra on the Naxos CD 8.559.26

• The Red Mill: Romantic Opera in Two Acts by Victor Herbert recorded in 2001 by Ohio Light Opera; L. Lynn Thompson, Conductor; Steven Daigle, Artistic Director; Albany Records (Troy 492/493).

See also

• Ohio Light Opera
• Light Opera of Manhattan

References

• Ganzl, Kurt. The Encyclopedia of Musical Theatre (3 Volumes). New York: Schirmer Books, 2001.
• Traubner, Richard. Operetta: A Theatrical History. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, 1983
• Bordman, Gerald. American Operetta. New York: Oxford University Press, 1981.

External links

• Herbert Victor Herbert at AllMusic
• Victor Herbert at the Internet Broadway Database

• Chronological description of Herbert's compositions by genre
• Edwardian light opera site
• Sweet Sixteen, piano score, .PDF
• Vocal score for Madeleine: a lyric opera in one act / adapted from the French of Decourcelles & Thibaut by Grant Stewart ; music by Victor Herbert.
• Vocal score for Hearts of Erin: a romantic comic opera / book and lyrics by Henry Blossom ; music by Victor Herbert.
• Victor Herbert fansite
• Herbert profile
• Contains extensive bibliography

• 1859 births
• 1924 deaths
• 20th century classical composers
• American composers
• Operetta composers
• Romantic composers
• Irish-American musicians
• Irish conductors
• People from County Dublin
• Songwriters Hall of Fame inductees