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Battle of Bitlis

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Battle of Bitlis
Битлисское сражение
Բաղեշի ճակատամարտ
Bitlis Muharebesi
Part of Caucasus campaign

DateJuly 1915 – August 1916
LocationBitlis Vilayet, Ottoman Empire
Result Russian victory
Belligerents

Russian Empire

Ottoman Empire

Commanders and leaders
Nikolai Yudenich
Andranik Ozanian		 Mustafa Kemal Pasha
Ahmed Izzet Pasha
Strength
Russian Caucasus Army
Armenian Fedayi		 Second Army
Kurdish Tribesmen
Casualties and losses
Unknown 34,000 captured or killed
Caucasus campaign
Associated articles

|publisher=UCL Press |pages=180–181 |isbn=1-85728-390-2 |author-link=Spencer C. Tucker |quote=But Yudenich retook both on 24 August, whereupon both sides retired into winter}}</ref> After a series of clashes in Koprukoy, Erzurum, Muş, the Russian IV Caucasian Corps captured Bitlis on 2-3 March, 1,000 more prisoners were taken in the city.

The Ottoman troops of Ahmed Izzet Pasha were composed of veterans from the Gallipoli campaign. They were to outflank the Russians in Bitlis before the end of March, but communications were terrible, and troops had to march from Ankara for a month. The Turkish Second Army's (belated) offensive began on 2 August 1916 and successfully took back Bitlis (and Muş) but lost other territories in the Euphrates region to the Russians. On 24 August, the Russian forces had recaptured both Mush and Bitlis. The Ottomans suffered 34,000 casualties, around half of which were POWs.

See also

Notes and references

  1. Army commander
  1. ^ The International Military Digest Annual: A Review of the Current Literature of Military Science for 1915. New York City: The International Military Digest. 1916. p. 224. Noteworthy in this theater is the Russian success in recapturing Mush and Bitlis (Aug 25), which the Turks had won earlier in the month.
  2. ^ Encyclopedia Americana. Vol. 29. Danbury, Connecticut: Grolier. 2000. p. 300. ISBN 0-7172-0133-3. In any case, Yudenich was able to recapture Mus and Bitlis on August 24.
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference tucker2002 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. Burg, David F. (2010). Almanac of World War I. University of Kentucky Press. p. 104. ISBN 9780813127453.
  5. Gilbert, Martin (2023). The First World War: A complete History. Moscow: Квадрига. p. 322. ISBN 978-5-389-08465-0.
  6. Tucker, Spencer; Wood, Laura Matysek; Murphy, Justin D. (1999). The European Powers in the First World War: An Encyclopedia. Garland Publishing. p. 175. ISBN 0-8153-3351-X.
  7. Jaques 2006, p. 143.
  8. Chalabian, Antranig (1988). General Andranik and the Armenian Revolutionary Movement. pp. 273–275. ISBN 0962274119.
  9. Herman, Gerald (1992). The Pivotal Conflict: A Comprehensive Chronology of the First World War, 1914-1919. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 268. ISBN 0-313-22793-4.
  10. Encyclopedia Americana International Edition. Danbury, Connecticut: Grolier. 1970. p. 299. To the south, the Turkish Second Army took Mus and Bitlis in mid-August, but the Russians recaptured the two towns a week later.

Sources

  • The Berlin-Baghdad Express: the Ottoman Empire and Germany's bid for world power, Sean McMeekin, page 243
  • Jaques, Tony (2006). Dictionary of Battles. Vol. 1, A–E. Greenwood Press. While Russian General Nikolai Yudenich seized Erzincan, Ahmet Izzet Pasha's Second Army advanced against the Russian left flank, where his corps cammder Mustafa Kemal seized Bitlis and Mus. Yudenich counter-attacked and, after prolonged combat west of Lake Van, he retook Bitlis and the Turks abandoned Mus before winter ended the fighting.
  • Öz Akçora, Kaya, Ergün, Mehmet (May 14, 2022). The Place and Importance of Bingöl and Bitlis in the First World War.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Ottoman Empire Ottoman battles in the 20th century
Italo-Turkish War (1911–1912)
Balkan Wars (1912–1913)
First World War (1914–1918)

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