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Year 1298 (MCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Europe

• April 20 – Rindfleisch massacres: The Jews of Röttingen are burned en masse. The Colmar Dominican Rudolph (refers to him in Latin as a carnifex, i.e. butcher or executioner) goes from town to town and kills all the Jews that fall under his control. He destroys the Jewish communities at Rothenburg ob der Tauber, Würzburg, Bamberg, Dinkelsbühl, Nördlingen and Forchheim. In the Free Imperial City of Nuremberg, the Jews thought to seek refuge in the Nuremberg Castle, which are assisted by Christian citizens. But Rindfleisch overcomes the defenders and massacres the Jews, on August 1. Spreading from Franconia to Bavaria and Austria, Rindfleisch and his persecutors destroy 146 communities, and some 20,000 Jews are killed.
• June 1 – Battle of Turaida: Forces of the Livonian Order are decisively defeated near Turaida Castle by the residents of Riga, allied with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania under Vytenis. After their defeat, the Livonians receive reinforcements from the Teutonic Order and defeat the residents of Riga and Lithuanians near Neuermühlen, on June 28. The knights proceed with their campaign, and besiege and capture Riga. In response, King Eric VI (Menved) threatens to invade Livonia, but a truce is reached and the conflict is mediated by Pope Boniface VIII.
• July 2 – Battle of Göllheim: German forces of Duke Albert I defeat King Adolf of Nassau at Göllheim over the prince electors' decision, without electoral act – to dethrone Adolf and proclaim Albert the new ruler of Germany at Frankfurt, on July 27. During the battle, Adolf is killed and his army is destroyed with the loss of 3,000 horses.
• September 9 – Battle of Curzola: The Genoese fleet (some 80 galleys) led by Admiral Lamba Doria defeats the Venetian fleet at Curzola. The disaster is almost complete for Venice: 83 of the 95 galleys are destroyed and some 7,000 men are killed. During the battle, Marco Polo, commanding one of the Venetian ships, is captured.
• After a year's siege, the revolting Italian commune of Palestrina near Rome surrenders to the Papal forces, razed to the ground and salted by order of Boniface VIII, in an act of debellatio.

England

• July 22 – Edward I of England defeats a Scottish army led by William Wallace in the Battle of Falkirk.

Asia

• Mongol invasion of India: Mongol forces led by Qutlugh Khwaja invade the Sindh region of the Delhi Sultanate and occupy the castle of Sivistan (modern Pakistan). Sultan Alauddin Khalji sends an army under Zafar Khan, who defeats the Mongols, on February 6. Some 20,000 Mongols are killed in the ensuing battle. The survivors are put into chains and brought to Delhi, where they are trampled to death by elephants.
• August 30 – Emperor Fushimi abdicates the throne after an 11-year reign. He is succeeded by his 10-year-old son Go-Fushimi as the 93rd emperor of Japan (until 1301).

By topic

Cities and Towns

• August 1 – The "ideal city" of Marciac in southern France is founded by King Philip IV (the Fair) and his Seneschal Guichard de Marzé (or Marciac).

Markets

• The foreign creditors of the Sienese Gran Tavola Bank start demanding their deposits back, thus accelerating the liquidity crisis faced by the firm.

Religion

• Ambrose, Augustine, Jerome and Pope Gregory I are named the first Doctors of the Church. They are known collectively as the Great Doctors of the Western Church.

Technology

• Wang Zhen, Chinese inventor and politician, invents a wooden movable type printing (Bi Sheng invented ceramic movable type in the 11th Century).

Births

• December 12 – Albert II (the Wise), German nobleman (d. 1358)
• Andrew Murray, Scottish nobleman, knight and politician (d. 1338)
• Elizabeth of Carinthia, Sicilian queen consort and regent (d. 1352)

Deaths

• January 2 – Lodomer, Hungarian cleric, prelate and archbishop
• April 17 – Árni Þorláksson, Icelandic cleric and bishop (b. 1237)
• June 11 – Yolanda of Hungaria, Hungarian princess (b. 1235)
• July 2 – Adolf of Nassau, king of Germany (House of Nassau)
• July 13 or July 16 – Jacobus de Voragine, Italian archbishop
• July 22 – John de Graham, Scottish nobleman (Clan Graham)
• July 23 – King Thoros III, King of Armenia (b. c. 1271)
• August 1 – Mordechai ben Hillel, German rabbi, in Rintfleisch massacres (b. c. 1250)
• August 28 – William Houghton, English-born Archbishop of Dublin
• August 29 – Eleanor of England, Countess of Bar (b. 1269)
• September 11 – Philip of Artois, French soldier (b. 1269)
• September 29 – Guido I da Montefeltro, Italian military strategist and Franciscan (b. 1223)
• November 19 – Mechtilde, Saxon saint (b. c. 1240)
• December 9 – Archibald, Scottish prelate
• December 31 – Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford, English soldier (b. 1249)
• Gerard of Lunel, French saint
• John of Procida, Italian physician and diplomat (b. 1210)
• Ram Khamhaeng, Thai king of Sukhothai (b. c. 1237)
• Smilets of Bulgaria, Emperor (tsar)
• Nino Visconti, ruler of Gallula
• William the Hardy, Lord of Douglas, Scottish warlord
• Thomas the Rhymer, Scottish minstrel

References

1. Haim Beinart (1981). Carta's Atlas of the Jewish people in the Middle Ages. Carta Jerusalem. ISBN 965-220-035-2.
2. Wyatt, Walter James (1876). The history of Prussia: from the earliest times to the present day, pp. 327–329. Vol 1. London: Longmans, Green and co. OCLC 1599888.
3. ^ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
4. Nicol, Donald M. (1988). Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-34157-4.
5. Chamberlin E. R. (1969). "The Bad Popes", pp. 102–104. Chapter III: "The Lord of Europe". ISBN 0-88029-116-8.
6. Banarsi Prasad Saksena (1992). "The Khalijs: Alauddin Khalij", p. 332. In Mohammad Habib and Khaliq Ahmad Nizami (ed.). A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206–1526). Vol. 5 (Second ed.). The Indian History Congress/People's Publishing House. OCLC 31870180.
7. "Marciac - John Reps Bastides Collection". bastides.library.cornell.edu. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
8. Catoni, Giuliano. "BONSIGNORI". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. Retrieved December 20, 2011.

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