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Year 1509 (MDIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

Boletim Do Instituto Menezes Bragança. O Instituto. 1988. p. 62.</ref>

• March 18 – Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, names Margaretha land guardians of the Habsburg Netherlands.
• April 7 – The Kingdom of France declares war on the Republic of Venice.
• April 15 – The French army under the command of Louis XII leave Milan to invade Venetian territory. Part of the War of the League of Cambrai and the Italian Wars.
• April 21 – Henry VIII becomes King of England (for 38 years) on the death of his father, Henry VII.
• April 27 – Pope Julius II places Venice under interdict and excommunication for refusing to cede part of Romagna to papal control.
• May 2 – Juan Ponce de León obtains authorization to bring his family from Spain to his home in the Casa de Contratación in Caparra, Puerto Rico.
• May 9
  • The French army under the command of Louis XII cross the Adda River at Cassano d'Adda.
  • The Venetians, encamped around the town of Treviglio, move south towards the Po River in search of better positions.
• May 14 – Battle of Agnadello: French forces defeat the Venetians. The League of Cambrai occupies Venice's mainland territories.
• June 11
  • Henry VIII of England marries Catherine of Aragon.
  • Luca Pacioli's De divina proportione, concerning the golden ratio, is published in Venice, with illustrations by Leonardo da Vinci.
• June 19 – Brasenose College, Oxford, is founded by a lawyer, Sir Richard Sutton, of Prestbury, Cheshire, and the Bishop of Lincoln, William Smyth.
• June 24 – King Henry VIII of England and Queen Consort Catherine of Aragon are crowned.

July–December

• July 17 – Venetian forces retake the city of Padua from French forces.
• July 26 – Krishnadevaraya ascends the throne of the Vijayanagara Empire.
• August 8 – Maximillian I of the Holy Roman Empire along with French allies begin a siege of Padua that would last for months to retake the city.
• August 19 – Maximillian I orders all Jews within the Holy Roman Empire to destroy all books opposing Christianity.
• September 10 – The Constantinople earthquake destroys 109 mosques and kills an estimated 10,000 people.
• September 11 – Portuguese fidalgo Diogo Lopes de Sequeira becomes the first European to reach Malacca, having crossed the Gulf of Bengal.
• September 27 – A violent storm ravages the Dutch coast, killing potentially thousands of people.
• October 2 – The siege of Padua ends with Venetian victory, causing the retreat of HRE and French forces back to Tyrol and Milan.
• Aft. October 2 – Venetians forces reoccupy the city of Vicenza.
• November 4 – Afonso de Albuquerque becomes the governor of the Portuguese settlements in India.
• November 10 – Uriel von Gemmingen is assigned to secure others opinions before continuing the Jewish book purge started on August 19th.
• December – Francisco de Almeida begins his journey home to the Kingdom of Portugal from Diu, India.

Date unknown

• Erasmus writes his most famous work, In Praise of Folly.
• St Paul's School, London is founded by John Colet, Dean of St Paul's Cathedral.
• Royal Grammar School, Guildford, England, is founded under the will of Robert Beckingham.
• Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Blackburn, England, is founded as a grammar school for boys.
• Georg Tannstetter is appointed by Maximilian I as the Professor of Astronomy at the University of Vienna.
• Johannes Pfefferkorn writes his fourth and fifth pamphlets condemning the Jewish faith and people, Das Osterbuch and Der Judenfeind.
• Basil Solomon becomes Syriac Orthodox Maphrian of the East.

Births

• January 2 – Henry of Stolberg, German nobleman (d. 1572)
• January 3 – Gian Girolamo Albani, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1591)
• January 25 – Giovanni Morone, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1580)
• February 2 – John of Leiden, Dutch Anabaptist leader (d. 1536)
• February 10 – Vidus Vidius, Italian surgeon and anatomist (d. 1569)
• March 25 – Girolamo Dandini, Italian Cardinal
• March 27 – Wolrad II, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg, German nobleman (d. 1578)
• April 23 – Afonso of Portugal, Portuguese Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 1540)
• July 4 – Magnus III of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, German Lutheran bishop of the Prince-Bishopric of Schwerin (d. 1550)
• July 10 – John Calvin, French religious reformer (d. 1564)
• July 25 – Philip II, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken, German nobleman (d. 1554)
• August 3 – Étienne Dolet, French scholar and printer (d. 1546)
• August 7 – Joachim I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, German prince (d. 1561)
• August 25 – Ippolito II d'Este, Italian cardinal and statesman (d. 1572)
• October 20 – Arthur Stewart, Duke of Rothesay, Scottish prince (d. 1510)
• November 4 – John, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels, Polish-German nobleman (d. 1565)

Date unknown

• Anneke Esaiasdochter, Dutch Anabaptist (d. 1539)
• Bernardino Telesio, Italian philosopher and natural scientist (d. 1588)
• Élie Vinet, French humanist (d. 1587)
• François de Scépeaux, French governor (d. 1571)
• François Douaren, French jurist (d. 1559)
• Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada, Spanish conquistador (d. 1579)
• Guillaume Le Testu, French privateer (d. 1573)
• John Erskine of Dun, Scottish religious reformer (d. 1591)
• Naoe Kagetsuna, Japanese Clan Officer (d. 1577)
• Stanisław Odrowąż, Polish nobleman (d. 1545)

Deaths

• January – Adam Kraft, German sculptor and architect (b. circa 1460)
• January 27 – John I, Count Palatine of Simmern, German nobleman (b. 1459)
• March 14 – Giovanni Antonio Sangiorgio, Italian cardinal (b. unknown)
• April 21 – Henry VII of England, King of England and Lord of Ireland (b. 1457)
• April 27 – Margaret of Brandenburg, German abbess of the Poor Clares monastery at Hof (b. 1453)
• May 28 – Caterina Sforza, Italian countess of Forlì (b. 1463)
• June 29 – Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby, mother of Henry VII of England (b. 1443)
• July 11 – William II, Landgrave of Hesse, German nobleman (b. 1469)
• July 16:
  • Joao da Nova, Portuguese explorer (b. 1460)
  • Mikalojus Radvila the Old, Lithuanian nobleman (b. circa 1450)
• July 28 – Ignatius Noah of Lebanon, Syriac Orthodox patriarch of Antioch (b. 1451).
• December 1 – Lê Uy Mục, 8th king of the later Lê Dynasty of Vietnam (b. 1488)

Date unknown

• Dmitry Ivanovich, Russian Grand Prince (b. 1483)
• Eleanor de Poitiers, Burgundian courter and writer (b. circa 1444)
• Hans Seyffer, German sculptor and woodcarver (b. circa 1460)
• Shen Zhou, Chinese painter (b. 1427)
• Viranarasimha Raya, Indian ruler of the Vijayanagar Empire (b. unknown)

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Sources

• Stephens, Henry Morse (1897). Albuquerque. Rulers of India series. Asian Educational Services. ISBN 978-81-206-1524-3.
• Greater Bombay District Gazetteer, Maharashtra State Gazetteers, vol. 27, Gazetteer Department (Government of Maharashtra), 1960, archived from the original on April 9, 2008, retrieved August 13, 2008

• 1509