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Year 1295 (MCCXCV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Europe

• June 20 – Treaty of Anagni: Pope Boniface VIII arranges a peace treaty between King Philip IV (the Fair), Charles II (the Lame), and James II. James returns Sicily to the Papal States, seeking to bring peace between the House of Anjou and the Kingdom of Sicily; the effort is in vain. Boniface is determined to put an end to the War of the Sicilian Vespers, because he wants to declare a new Crusade for the reconquest of the Holy Land.
• June 26 – Przemysł II is crowned king of Poland at Gniezno, the first coronation of a Polish ruler in 219 years. Przemysł travels to Pomerelia where he confirms the privileges of the monasteries in Oliwa and Żarnowiec. He also visits other major cities: Gdańsk, Tczew and Świecie. In August, Przemysł returns to Greater Poland but in October he travels again to Gdańsk.
• Marco Polo returns to Venice after 24 years of travel in China. When the Polo's arrive, Venice is engaged in a naval war with the rival city of Genoa. Marco joins the war and arms a galley equipped with a trebuchet.
• October 23 – The first treaty forming the Auld Alliance ("Old Alliance"), between Scotland and France against England, is signed in Paris. The treaty is signed by King John Balliol and Philip IV (the Fair).

England

• March 5 – Battle of Maes Moydog: English forces led by William de Beauchamp defeat the Welsh rebels (some 700 men), near the modern-day town of Llanfair Caereinion, in Wales. In a night attack on the Welsh infantry, William uses cavalry to drive them into compact formations, which are then shot up by his archers. Madog ap Llywelyn, proclaimed "Prince of Wales", and the remnants of his army are routed and retreat across the Banwy River, in which many drown.
• November 13 – King Edward I (Longshanks) summons the Model Parliament to Westminster, the composition of which serves as a model for later parliaments. The parliament agrees that a tax can be raised to allow him to launch campaigns against France and the rebellious Scots for the forthcoming year.
• Construction begins on Beaumaris Castle in Anglesey under the direction of James of St. George. It is built as part of the conquest of Wales by Edward I.

Asia

• October 4 – Mongol leader Baydu Khan is executed after a 7-month reign at Tabriz. He is succeeded by Ghazan Khan, who becomes ruler of the Ilkhanate. He converts to Islam, ending a line of Tantric Buddhist leaders.
• King Jayavarman VIII is overthrown after a 52-year reign. He is succeeded by his son-in-law Indravarman III as ruler of the Khmer Empire (modern Cambodia).

Births

• September 16 – Elizabeth de Clare, English noblewoman (d. 1360)
• date unknown
  • Isabella of France, queen of England (d. 1358)
  • John IV, Duke of Brittany (d. 1345)
  • Odo IV, Duke of Burgundy (d. 1350)
  • Jean Buridan, French philosopher (d. 1363)
• probable
  • Reginald de Cobham, 1st Baron Cobham (d. 1361)
  • Joanna of Flanders, military leader in the War of the Breton Succession (approximate date; d. 1374)
  • Nicephorus Gregoras, Byzantine historian (approximate date; d. 1360)
  • Saint Roch, French saint (approximate date; d. 1327)

Deaths

• April 25 – King Sancho IV of Castile (b. 1257)
• August 12 – Charles Martel of Anjou (b. 1271)
• October – Meinhard, Duke of Carinthia (b. 1238)
• December 7 – Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester, 6th Earl of Hertford, English politician (b. 1243)
• December 20 – Margaret of Provence, queen of Louis IX of France (b. c. 1221)
• date unknown – Guy of Charpigny
• date unknown – Padishah Khatun, Mongolian poet, sovereign queen of Kirman (1291-95)

References

1. Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 151. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
2. Housley, Norman (1982). The Italian Crusades: The Papal-Angevin Alliance and the Crusades against Christian Lay Powers, 1254–1343, p. 93. Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-821925-3.
3. Brzezinski, Richard (1998). History of Poland – Poland Divided, p. 23. ISBN 83-7212-019-6.
4. Nicol, Donald M (1992). Byzantium and Venice: a study in diplomatic and cultural relations, p. 219. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-42894-1.
5. Armstrong, Pete (2003). Osprey: Stirling Bridge & Falkirk 1297–98, p. 15. ISBN 1-84176-510-4.
6. Jones, Craig Owen (2008). Compact History of Welsh Heroes: The Revolt of Madog ap Llywelyn, p. 166. Publisher: Llygad Gwalch Cyf. ISBN 9781845240752.
7. Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 150–152. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
8. Pounds, N. J. G. (1994). The Medieval Castle in England and Wales: A Social and Political History, p. 147. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-45099-7.
9. Prestes, Maria Elice de Brzezinski; Silva, Cibelle Celestino (2018). Teaching Science with Context: Historical, Philosophical, and Sociological Approaches. Springer. p. 344. ISBN 9783319740362.

• 1295