Misplaced Pages

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Dushnilkin (talk | contribs) at 10:41, 6 January 2025 (→Bibliography). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

This article, War of the Galician Succession (1205–1245), has recently been created via the Articles for creation process. Please check to see if the reviewer has accidentally left this template after accepting the draft and take appropriate action as necessary. Reviewer tools: Inform author

War of the Galician Succession
Daniel Romanovich on the monument Millennium of Russia, Novgorod
Date 19 June 1205 – 17 August 1245 Location Kingdom of Galicia-Volhynia (Present-day Poland, Ukraine and Belarus) Result Romanovichi-led victory
Belligerents
Árpád dynasty Olgovichi Piast dynasty ...and others See list of states Kingdom of Hungary Duchy of Belz Principality of Chernigov Duchy of Kraków Principality of Kiev ... and others	Romanovichi dynasty [ru; pl]
Commanders and leaders
Coloman of Galicia Andrew Leszek I the White Vladimir Igorevich Michael of Chernigov Rostislav Mikhailovich	Daniel of Galicia Vasylko Romanovych Mstislav Mstislavich

The War of the Galician Succession or War for the unification of the Principality of Galician-Volhynia sometimes also Second War of the Galician Succession was a the struggle for power over the territory that belonged to Principality of Galicia-Volhynia took place on 19 June 1205 – 17 August 1245. The war is one of the longest wars of succession in Europe and ended with the coming to power of the Romanovichi.

The war began because of the death of Roman the Great in 1205, his sons were too small to rule, because od this other rulers began to divide the Principality immediately, these were the other princes of Rus, the Polish and Hungarian kings. However, the Romanovichi were eventually able to regain most of their lands and ended the war by defeating the troops of their opponents in Battle of Yaroslavl took place 17 August 1245. The Principality lasted until 1392, when it was divided between Lithuania and Poland.

Background

The Principality of Galician-Volhynia was the westernmost frontier of Kievan Rus', and actively communicated with its neighbors. After Yaroslav Osmomysl death, Vladimir Yaroslavich ascended the throne, but due to his inefficiency and dissolute lifestyle, the veche overthrew him, Roman Mstislavich was supposed to take his place, however, Vladimir turned to the Hungarian king Béla III for help, the latter temporarily captured Halych, but due to popular discontent left him, Vladimir finally He took over the region only after the intervention of Casimir "the Just", King of Poland (1190). After Vladimir's death, Roman also enlisted the support of the Poles, and in 1198 captured Halych. In the end, the capture of Halych ended the First Succession War.

Roman led an active foreign and domestic policy, subjected local nobility to repression (in Galicia), and strengthened the princely throne. Roman also established his power in Kiev, overthrew Rurik Rostislavich and put his supporter Ingvar Yaroslavich to rule. Having established his rule in the entire Southwest, including the capital (Kiev), Roman began to liquidate the threat of nomads-kumans, conducting a series of successful campaigns against them (1202). For this, he was nicknamed "The Great". The course of his foreign policy was then directed to the West, seeking to colonize Lithuania and possibly take away part of the Holy Roman Empire, he invaded of the Duchy of Kraków, heading to Saxony. His grandiose campaign ended before it even started. On Vistula he was defeated by the poles in Battle of Zawichost (1205) and died. Roman's death destroyed the unity of the entire south of Rus', restored it to the form of feudal fragmentation, Rurik Rostislavich regained his position in Kiev, turned to the nomads for help, successfully defeated the Galicians on the Seret river, but failed when siege of Halych and retreated.

Interventions by Leszek the White and the Hungarians: 1205—1214

Governance of Igorovichs and interventions in their affairs: 1205—1211

Roman left two minor sons, Daniel of Galicia and Vasylko Romanovych, who were too young to take power. As a result, disputes broke out over the succession. The Halych boyars could not agree on who should take the throne, which opened the way for claims by various dynasties. In addition, many of Roman's political opponents, who had previously been exiled, returned to the country, reinforcing the chaos. Roman's widow, Euphrosinia Anna, faced with this situation, turned to the Hungarians for support. In response, the Hungarian king organised an expedition that ended in the Battle of Mikulin, where the Hungarian army defeated the Olgovichs, who claimed the throne of Halych. The Hungarian intervention secured the principality against further claims, but at the same time tightened Hungarian influence in the region. At the same time, Leszek the White, a Polish prince, concluded an agreement with Hungary concerning the division of spheres of influence in the Duchy of Galicia-Volhynia.

The Halych boyars, in an attempt to stabilise the situation, elected Vladimir Igorevich as prince. However, his rule was popular, forcing the Romanovichs to flee to Poland. Leszek the White, wishing to strengthen his influence in the region and help the widow and her sons, organised an expedition to Volodymyr in 1206. The Polish forces were successful, eliminating the Igorovichs' rule. Meanwhile, the Hungarian king intervened in his sphere of influence, giving power to Benedict. Despite these actions, the Igorevichs regained power by inviting the boyars, who sought to counterbalance Hungarian influence. Vladimir Igorevich attempted to consolidate his position, but in an act of desperation massacred the boyars. His actions provoked the wrath of the surviving nobles, who organised an alliance with Poland and Hungary to overthrow the Igorevichs.

In 1211, Vladislav Kormilčíc, one of the surviving boyars, undertook an expedition against the Igorovichs together with Polish-Hungarian forces. Vladimir Igorevich gathered his forces and formed an alliance with the Polovtsians. After initial successes, including a victory over the Hungarians at the River Luta, the Igorevichs were eventually defeated at Zvenigorod by a combined Polish-Hungarian force. After the battle, Daniel Romanovich was installed on the throne and Vladimir Igorevich's sons, Rostislav and Sviatoslav, fell into captivity. After they were ransomed by boyars, they were hanged, ending the reign of the Igorevichs. Daniel's triumph marked the beginning of stability in the principality, although the region remained under the influence of Poland and Hungary.

Governance of Vladislav Kormilčíc: 1211—1214

From 1211 Princess Anna-Euphrosyne rule of Halych. King Andrew of Hungary realized that it intended to implement its own policy, decided to overthrow her and in 1213 organized campaign against Halych together with the local boyars, which Vladislav was in charge of. Along the way, the Hungarian learned about the rebellion inside their country, and the boyars continued their campaign independently and occupied the city. For the first time in the history of Russia, a Boyar became the ruler, which indicates a significant power of the local aristocracy. Leszek at this time was dissatisfied with the course of events, he overthrow Vladislav and Halych was left without a ruler. However, in 1214, the Hungarian and poles again found themselves in the Union, Leszek offered Andrew a marriage between the children, after the son of the Hungarian king Coloman became the ruler of Halych. The campaign was successful and the Hungarian Garrison was left in the city. Anna at this time got Leszek to transfer her to the rule of the city of Vladimir.

Appearance of Mstislav: 1214—1227

Daniel's fights against Hungary: 1227—1245

Reference

1. Kostomarov 1998, p. 151.
2. ^ Kostomarov 1998, p. 152.
3. Foryt 2021, p. 90—98.
4. Foryt 2021, p. 98.
5. Pashuto 1950, p. 192.
6. ^ Pashuto 1950, p. 193.
7. Pashuto 1950, pp. 193–194.
8. Foryt 2021, p. 144.
9. Foryt 2021, p. 145.
10. Érszegi i & Solymosi 1981, p. 127. sfn error: no target: CITEREFÉrszegi_iSolymosi1981 (help)
11. Foryt 2021, p. 146—147.
12. Foryt 2021, p. 147.
13. Włodarski 1927, p. 31.
14. Foryt 2021, p. 148—149.
15. Érszegi & Solymos 1981, p. 130. sfn error: no target: CITEREFÉrszegiSolymos1981 (help)
16. Foryt 2021, p. 149—151.
17. Foryt 2021, p. 151—153.
18. Włodarski 1927, p. 42—47.
19. Pashuto 1950, p. 199.
20. Kostomarov 1998, p. 156.
21. Pashuto 1950, p. 200.

Notes

Bibliography

• Foryt, Artur (2021). Zawichost 1205 (in Polish). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Bellona. ISBN 978-83-11-16068-2.
• Włodarski, Bronisław (1927), Polityka ruska Leszka białego (in Polish), vol. III, Lwów: Biblioteka Uniwersytecka w Poznaniu
• Pashuto, Vladimir (1950). Grekov, Boris (ed.). Очерки по истории Галицко-Волынской Руси [Essays on the history of Galician-Volhynian Rus'] (in Russian). Moscow: Издательство академии наук СССР. pp. 191–220.
• Kostomarov, Nikolai (1998) . "Knyaz Danilo Romanovich of Galicia". Русская история в жизнеописаниях её главнейших деятелей [Russian history in the biographies of its most important figures] (in Russian). Vol. 1. Series: Великая Россия (Great Russia). Moscow: Рипол-классик. pp. 150–180. ISBN 5-7905-0214-8.
• Érszegi, Géza; Solymosi, László (1981). "Az Árpádok királysága, 1000–1301 ". In Solymosi, László (ed.). Magyarország történeti kronológiája, I: a kezdetektől 1526-ig (in Hungarian). Akadémiai Kiadó. pp. 79–187. ISBN 963-05-2661-1.
• Dimnik, Martin (1994-2003). The Dynasty of Chernigov
  • Dimnik, Martin (1994). The Dynasty of Chernigov, 1054–1146. Pontificial Institute of Mediaeval Studies. ISBN 0-88844-116-9.
  • Dimnik, Martin (2003). The Dynasty of Chernigov, 1146–1246. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-03981-9.

• Pending AfC submissions
• Pending AfC submissions in article space