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Shamoun Hanne Haydo
Born	1870 Sare, Turkey
Died	1964 Beth Bsorino (Haberli), Turkey
Nationality	Aramean/Syriac

Shamoun Hanne Haydo (Syriac: ܫܡܥܘܢ ܚܢܢܐ ܚܝܕܐ) was an Aramean/Syriac clan leader during the early 20th century. He was well known for defending Christian communities during the Sayfo in the region of Tur Abdin.

Early life

He came from a feudal family from the village of Saré in the Tur Abdin region, Turkey. Shamoun studied at the American College in Mardin, where he learned English and German. During his student years he began to closely follow political and military developments in the world and showed a deep interest in the ancient Mesopotamian civilization. Prior to the First World War, he traveled to various Aramean villages to unite the ruling family clans there to defend themselves against expected attacks from the Ottoman Turks or Kurdish tribes.

First world war

The Aramean residents of the Tur Abdin region were stirred up in the summer of 1915 by reports from the area that several Christian villages had been attacked by Kurdish troops under the command of the Ottomans. In response, Shamoun traveled to the village of Arbo, where he met the ruling family clans; the Beth Arsan and Beth Malkuno tried to unite to defend the area 'Beth Rishe' within the Tur Abdin region. Ottoman troops heard of the resistance of Shamoun and other Aramean Aghas, after which they were arrested and transported to the prison in Harput. Haydo's younger brother, Malke decided to take over his older brother's leadership and united 4,000 men from the Tur Abdin region to resist the Ottoman and Kurdish forces. The village of Bsorino was surrounded by Kurdish troops after which they were defeated under the leadership of Shamoun his younger brother. After a shortage of weapons, the Aramean resistance troops led by Malke decided to attack the Ottoman police station in Bsorino. They disarmed the officer and his soldiers and seized the entire weapons depot, after which the soldiers were expelled. Until 1917 the village was defended under the leadership of Malke until he was killed in the Mor-Dodo church in the village of Bsorino.

Reports of the death of Malke and 200 Aramean villagers from Bsorino reached Shamoun in Harput prison. He escaped prison together with 'Alike Batte, a Kurdish leader from the Hevêrka tribe. During the Aramean Genocide he defended several villages under his leadership in collaboration with 'Alike Batte. The aftermath of the genocide resulted in a high number of deaths, Islamized Arameans and missing people. Shamoun visited several villages in search of kidnapped children and women to reunite them with their families.

Due to the important position that Shamoun retained after the genocide, he was arrested again not long after his goal of reuniting families and taken to prison in Gaziantep where he stayed until 1930.

After his release, he is seen by the Arameans as the leader of the Tur Abdin region. In 1935 he met the second Turkish president İsmet İnönü who was surprised that there were still Christians left in the region.

Personal Life

Shamoun was married to his wife Reyhané and they had children together, including four sons and four daughters. Haydo was known for wearing a cloak and white robe. He dyed his mustache dark with henna, which was a signature of Shamoun.

In recent years he used his knowledge of medicine that he learned at the university in Mardin to help the sick. Shamoun died at the age of 94, and shots were heard for days in honor of his death. Haydo is buried in the Bsorino cemetery.

Several songs and oral stories have been written about the friendship between the Syrian Orthodox Christian Shamoun and his Muslim companion 'Alike Batte.

Bibliography

• MARDIN 1915 Yves Ternon, Book 1, Part 4, Chapter 2 "Deïr el-Omar Mar Gabriel, Kefarbé, Bâsabrina"
• Şemune Hanne Haydo In The Context Public Hero

References

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