| Revision as of 22:15, 5 December 2006 edit89.138.135.212 (talk) rv. instead of deleting sections, try to improve it. everything written there is completely factual and is essential for outlining the difference between Haredi and Hardal, =basis of article!← Previous edit | Revision as of 22:38, 5 December 2006 edit undoJoshuaZ (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers31,659 editsm Reverted edits by 89.138.135.212 (talk) to last version by MeshulamNext edit → | ||
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| ==Characteristics== | |||
| Several characteristics differentiate Hardalim from both the Haredi and the mainstream modern Orthodox religious Zionist world. | |||
| * Ashkenazi Hardalim might use the Sephardic pronunciation of the Hebrew language when praying, as modern Orthodox religious Zionists also do; this in contrast to Ashkenazi Haredim, who use the Ashkenazi pronunciation of Hebrew. | |||
| * Many Hardali families have chosen not to own a ] and are not consumers of the general ], in contrast to modern Orthodox religious Zionists. | |||
| * Hardalim typically dress like most modern Orthodox religious Zionists would, but place a slightly larger emphasis on appearing neat, wearing their ] out of their pants, and wearing a slightly larger ]. Like other religious Zionists, they might wear colored knitted yarmulkes. In contrast to Haredim, many Hardalim do not wear only white shirts, and only a handful of Hardalim wear a jacket and a hat; these are usually the highest levels of rabbinical leadership of the Hardal world. | |||
| * Hardalim say prayers for the ] and serve in the ], while Haredim do not. | |||
| * Hardalim fiercely opposed Israel's ] in 2005. While some Haredim also opposed the retreat and destruction of the Jewish communities, the Haredi rabbis did not condone active opposition, most (with the notable exception of ]) adopted a neutral, passively resisting or even supportive attitude. | |||
| * ]. Hardalim will usually respect daat torah of a personal rabbi but are not as dependent as Haredim who publicly and privately strictly adhere to the advice of their rabbincal leadership. Modern Orthodox religious Zionist might have a personal rabbi but may be more independent. | |||
| * Hardali women generally dress in clothing styles which are absolutely banned from the Haredi world for reasons of ], such as hair coverings which reach below the height of the shoulder, very long skirts, or shirts with texts on them. | |||
| ==Leadership== | ==Leadership== | ||
| Some influential leaders of the Hardal world include former Chief Rabbis of Israel Rabbi ] of the ] yeshiva. | Some influential leaders of the Hardal world include former Chief Rabbis of Israel Rabbi ] of the ] yeshiva. | ||
Revision as of 22:38, 5 December 2006
Hardal (Template:Hebrewterm) refers to those Haredi Orthodox Jews who support the State of Israel.
History and Groups
The term Hardal is part of a broad process of certain groups of Religious Zionist youth becoming more strict in certain observances and more ideologically driven by the thought of R. Zvi Yehudah Kook. In the late 1970's graduates of Yeshivat Merkaz Harav began to reject certain aspects of Religious Zionist and Bnei Akiva life. At that time, some of the graduates were already referred to as "plain clothes Haredim."
According to some sources, the term Hardal was created at a meeting of the youth group EZRA in 1990. (Ezra is the Poalei Agudah youth group associated with Torah im Derech Eretz) In later years, the term Hardal became a group that actually started separating itself from the broader religious Zionist community in order to dedicate itself to leading a life dedicated to strict Jewish practice, without the influence of outside culture. There was stress placed on modesty in dress and early marriage. Rabbi Shlomo Aviner is the major ideologue for this group.
All Hardalim built their thought on the writings of Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook as interpreted by his son Rabbi Zvi Yehudah Kook. This approach gives a great role for faith, emotions, and messianism in Judaism. They also stress the study of Yehudah Halevi's Kuzari and the writings of the Maharal.
In recent years, it refers to those under the influence of Rabbi Tau, who left yeshivat Merkaz Harav to found the more Hardal Yeshivat Har Hamor. Rabbi Tau rejects secular studies and secular influences. He is also against any academic influence on teacher's colleges, rejecting the influence of modern educational psychology and modern approaches to the study of Bible. Those who follow this approach are called followers of Yeshivat HaKav- "Yeshivot that follow the line."
The term Hardal is sometimes used to refer to those coming from the Haredi world who join Nahal (the shortened army service for Yeshiva graduates) and continue to live within the broader Hardal world. It is also sometimes used for American Yeshivish Jews who moved to Israel and support the state.
Leadership
Some influential leaders of the Hardal world include former Chief Rabbis of Israel Rabbi Avraham Shapira of the Merkaz HaRav yeshiva.
Other important Rabbis and thinkers of the Hardal movement are:
- Rabbi Zalman Melamed, his son Rabbi Eliezer Melamed
- Rabbi Elyakim Levanon
- Rabbi Dov Lior
- David Davidkovitz
- Rabbi Shmuel Tal
- Rabbi Shlomo Aviner
- Hillel Weiss
Locations
Many Hardalim live in the settlements. The settlement Kiryat Arba, led by its Rabbi Dov Lior, is considered a Hardal stronghold as is the settlement of Beit El, led by Rabbi Shlomo Aviner. They are also predominant in settlements like Ofra, Shiloh, and Hevron. There are yeshivot in Ramat Gan and Yeruham which are seen as Hardal yeshivot. Some Jerusalem neighborhoods are also Hardal strongholds, such as Har Nof and the Jewish settlers in the Old City.
External Sources
- Fundamentalist or Romantic Nationalist?: Israeli Modern Orthodoxy, Shlomo Fischer
- From Orthodox religious Zionist to Orthodox Hardal, Yoske Ahitov, Deot 24
- Orthodox Judaism is Ill, Bambi Sheleg
- The Hardal Dilema, Nadav Shenrav
- About Rabbi Tau
- On the "The Tanakh Debates"