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A '''douche''' (] {{IPA|/du:ʃ/}}) (/doosh/, ] for "]") in ] is generally a device used to introduce a stream of water into the body for medical or hygienic reasons, or the stream of water itself. Douche usually refers to vaginal irrigation, rinsing of the ], but it can also refer to the rinsing of any body cavity or a device used to introduce a stream of water into the body for medical or "sanitary" reasons. In other languages—and non-US English—'''douche''' only has the original French meaning of ]: it is a notorious ] encountered by non-native speakers of English; the phrase for vaginal douching is ''douche vaginale'', meaning ''vaginal shower''). In the English sense, it is similar to an ], however the term is used ]ly to apply to the use in the vagina for women. The word comes from ] where its principal meaning is a ]; this is therefore a ] for speakers of ] ] (it is thus a notorious ] encountered by non-native speakers of English). The word can refer to the rinsing of any body cavity, but usually applies to '''vaginal irrigation''', rinsing of the ]. This practice, which is a potential source of infection, is largely restricted to ]. In other languages '''douche''' only has the original French meaning of shower. A douchebag is a piece of equipment for douching—a bag for holding the fluid used in douching (the word can also be used as a verb) To avoid transferring intestinal bacteria into the vagina the douche bag must not be used for a vaginal douche and an enema.{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}} (See ] for slang uses) To avoid transferring intestinal bacteria into the vagina, the same bag must not be used for an enema and a vaginal douche (anal douching). Also a derogatory term, along the lines of idiot, fool, or jerk. A '''douche''' is a device used to introduce a stream of water into the body for medical or hygienic reasons, or the stream of water itself. Douche usually refers to vaginal irrigation, the rinsing of the ], but it can also refer to the rinsing of any body cavity. A douche bag is a piece of equipment for douching—a bag for holding the fluid used in douching. To avoid transferring intestinal bacteria into the vagina, the same bag must not be used for an ] and a vaginal douche.

Douching after intercourse is estimated at reducing the chances of conception by only 1/6 to 1/4 (for comparison, proper ] use reduces the chance of conception by as much as 99/100). In fact, in some cases douching may force the ejaculate further into the vagina, increasing the chance of pregnancy. It should be noted that douching after sexual intercourse is ''not'' effective as a means of contraception. The reason this method (as well as a related method, ] or "withdrawal") are usually not very effective is that the male ] typically consists of approximately 5 ml (1 teaspoon) of fluid carrying in excess of 500,000,000 sperm, of which only 1 is needed to fertilize the ]. Thus even a tiny amount of ejaculate can be more than enough to cause pregnancy. Douching after intercourse is estimated at reducing the chances of conception by only 1/4 to 1/6 (for comparison, proper condom use reduces the chance of conception by a low as 1/100).

The practice of douching is now largely restricted to ], where douching equipment is often available in ]. It is estimated that 20 to 40 percent of American women aged 15 to 44 years douche regularly.{{Fact|date=April 2007}} About half of these women douche every week.{{Fact|date=April 2007}} Many European women douche but because of the confusion with the French meaning that a douche is a shower, it is called vaginal irrigation.

The irrigation douching the anus is also known as ]. In other languages '''douche''' only has the original French meaning of ].

Additionally, prior to ejaculation, a man typically releases small amounts of seminal fluid and sperm ("]") as a result of becoming sexually aroused, during the ], and while the ] is being stimulated by the vagina during ]. It is theorized that pre-ejaculate is in part an attempt by the penis to assist in lubricating the vagina, and as an attempt to ameliorate the acidity of the female vagina and the male ] (acidity caused by the usual use of the penis to excrete ]). These small amounts of pre-ejaculate can contain more than 30,000 sperm in each drop, and again, ''only one sperm'' is needed to cause ].

Vaginal douching may for instance be used by women who wish to have ] during their ]s, and wish to avoid blood smearing the penis. In the past, douching was also used after intercourse as a method of ], though it is not much effective. Vaginal douching has a variety of perceived benefits.{{fact}} In addition to promising to clean the vagina of unwanted odors, it can also be used by women who wish to have ] during ], in order to avoid blood smearing the penis.{{fact}} In the past, douching was also used after intercourse as a method of ], though it is not very effective (see below).{fact}} Many people suggest that douching is generally not a good idea, as the vagina is self-cleaning and douching interferes with the natural bacterial culture of the vagina, and it might spread or introduce infections{{fn|1}}.{{fact}} For example, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services strongly discourages douching, warning that it can lead to irritation, ], and ]{{fn|2}}.{{fact}}

Douches may consist of water, water mixed with ], or even ] chemicals. Frequent douching with water may result in an imbalance of the ] of the vagina, and thus easing some vaginal infections and may put women at risk for possible vaginal infections.{{Fact|date=April 2007}} Antiseptics may result in an imbalance of the natural bacteria in the vagina, also resulting in infections.{{Fact|date=April 2007}} Furthermore, unclean douching equipment may also introduce undesirable foreign bodies into the vagina.{{Fact|date=April 2007}} For these reasons, the practice of douching is now generally discouraged, unless under medical supervision guidance. For these reasons, the practice of douching is now strongly discouraged except when ordered by a physician for specific medical reasons. Douching may also wash bacteria into the ] and ], causing fertility problems.{{Fact|date=April 2007}}
The practice of douching is now largely restricted to the ] ]{{fact}}, where douching equipment is largely available in ].{{Fact|date=April 2007}}

In other languages '''douche''' only has the original French meaning of ].

A '''douche bag''' is a piece of equipment for douching. The term "douche bag" is also a popular derogatory term of insult or ridicule (see ]).


Douching after sexual intercourse is not an effective form of ].<ref>{{cite book|last=Rengel|first=Marian|title=Encyclopedia of birth control|year=2000|publisher=Oryx Press|location=Phoenix, Ariz|isbn=9781573562553|page=65|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dx1Kz-ezUjsC&pg=PA65}}</ref> Additionally, douching is associated with a number of health problems (], ], ], and increased risk of ]) and thus is not recommended by doctors.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cottrell|first=BH|title=An updated review of evidence to discourage douching.|journal=MCN. The American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing|date=Mar–Apr 2010|volume=35|issue=2|pages=102–7; quiz 108–9|pmid=20215951|doi=10.1097/NMC.0b013e3181cae9da}}</ref> Douching after sexual intercourse is not an effective form of ].<ref>{{cite book|last=Rengel|first=Marian|title=Encyclopedia of birth control|year=2000|publisher=Oryx Press|location=Phoenix, Ariz|isbn=9781573562553|page=65|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dx1Kz-ezUjsC&pg=PA65}}</ref> Additionally, douching is associated with a number of health problems (], ], ], and increased risk of ]) and thus is not recommended by doctors.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cottrell|first=BH|title=An updated review of evidence to discourage douching.|journal=MCN. The American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing|date=Mar–Apr 2010|volume=35|issue=2|pages=102–7; quiz 108–9|pmid=20215951|doi=10.1097/NMC.0b013e3181cae9da}}</ref>


== Etymology == == Etymology ==

] nozzle by the vaginal nozzle (shown bottom left). The vaginal nozzle is longer, thicker, and has lateral holes.]]
The word's first known use is in 1766. '']'' came into English via ], from {{lang-it|doccia}} "conduit pipe" and ''docciare'' "pour by drops" to douche, from ''doccia'' water pipe, probably back-formation from ''doccione'' conduit, from {{lang-lat|duction-}}, ''ductio'' means of conveying water, from ''ducere'' to lead.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/douche |title=Douche – Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary |publisher=Merriam-webster.com |date=2012-08-31 |accessdate=2013-08-03}}</ref>{{Failed verification|source does not support 'shower'|date=February 2016}} In French today it means '']'', as it does in many non-English European languages. The word's first known use is in 1766. '']'' came into English via ], from {{lang-it|doccia}} "conduit pipe" and ''docciare'' "pour by drops" to douche, from ''doccia'' water pipe, probably back-formation from ''doccione'' conduit, from {{lang-lat|duction-}}, ''ductio'' means of conveying water, from ''ducere'' to lead.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/douche |title=Douche – Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary |publisher=Merriam-webster.com |date=2012-08-31 |accessdate=2013-08-03}}</ref>{{Failed verification|source does not support 'shower'|date=February 2016}} In French today it means '']'', as it does in many non-English European languages.


== Overview == == Overview ==
] ]
]


Vaginal douches may consist of water, water mixed with ], or even ] chemicals. Douching has been touted as having a number of supposed, but unproven benefits. In addition to promising to clean the vagina of unwanted odors, it can also be used by women who wish to avoid smearing a sexual partner's penis with menstrual blood while having ]. In the past, douching was also used after intercourse as a method of ], though it is not effective (see below). Vaginal douches may consist of water, water mixed with ], or even ] chemicals. Douching has been touted as having a number of supposed but unproven benefits. In addition to promising to clean the vagina of unwanted odors, it can also be used by women who wish to avoid smearing a sexual partner's penis with menstrual blood while having ]. In the past, douching was also used after intercourse as a method of ], though it is not effective (see below).


Many health-care professionals state that douching is dangerous, as it interferes with both the vagina's normal self-cleaning and with the natural bacterial culture of the vagina, and it might spread or introduce infections. For example, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services strongly discourages douching, warning that it can lead to irritation, ], and ]. Douching is implicated in a wide variety of dangers, including: adverse pregnancy outcomes including ], ], preterm labor, ], and ]; serious gynecologic outcomes, including increased risk of ], ], ], and increased risk for ], including ]; it also predisposes women to develop ] (BV),<ref name="slate">{{cite web | url = http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/medical_examiner/2013/01/microbial_balance_in_vagina_miscarriage_infertility_pre_term_birth_linked.html | title = What's in Your Vagina? A healthy microbiome, hopefully. | first = Moises | last = Velasquez-Manoff | date = Jan 11, 2013 | work = ] }}</ref> which is further associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and increased risk of sexually transmitted infections.<ref name="Cottrell">{{cite journal | last1 = Cottrell | first1 = B. H. | title = An Updated Review of Evidence to Discourage Douching | journal = MCN, the American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing | volume = 35 | issue = 2 | pages = 102–107; quiz 107–9 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20215951 | pmc = | doi = 10.1097/NMC.0b013e3181cae9da }}</ref> Due to this, the ] strongly discourages douching, citing the risks of irritation, bacterial vaginosis, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Frequent douching with water may result in an imbalance of the ] of the vagina, and thus may put women at risk for possible vaginal infections, especially yeast infections.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://women.webmd.com/tc/Vaginal-Problems-Home-Treatment |title=WebMD article on the causes of yeast infections, including douching |publisher=Women.webmd.com |date=2011-10-31 |accessdate=2013-08-03}}</ref> Many health-care professionals state that douching is dangerous, as it interferes with both the vagina's normal self-cleaning and with the natural bacterial culture of the vagina, and it might spread or introduce infections. Douching is implicated in a wide variety of dangers, including: adverse pregnancy outcomes including ], ], preterm labor, ], and ]; serious gynecologic outcomes, including increased risk of ], ], ], and increased risk for ], including ]; it also predisposes women to develop ] (BV),<ref name="slate">{{cite web | url = http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/medical_examiner/2013/01/microbial_balance_in_vagina_miscarriage_infertility_pre_term_birth_linked.html | title = What's in Your Vagina? A healthy microbiome, hopefully. | first = Moises | last = Velasquez-Manoff | date = Jan 11, 2013 | work = ] }}</ref> which is further associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and increased risk of sexually transmitted infections.<ref name="Cottrell">{{cite journal | last1 = Cottrell | first1 = B. H. | title = An Updated Review of Evidence to Discourage Douching | journal = MCN, the American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing | volume = 35 | issue = 2 | pages = 102–107; quiz 107–9 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20215951 | pmc = | doi = 10.1097/NMC.0b013e3181cae9da }}</ref> Due to this, the ] strongly discourages douching, citing the risks of irritation, bacterial vaginosis, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Frequent douching with water may result in an imbalance of the ] of the vagina, and thus may put women at risk for possible vaginal infections, especially yeast infections.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://women.webmd.com/tc/Vaginal-Problems-Home-Treatment |title=WebMD article on the causes of yeast infections, including douching |publisher=Women.webmd.com |date=2011-10-31 |accessdate=2013-08-03}}</ref>


In May 2003, a randomized, controlled, multi-center study was conducted with 1827 women ages 18–44 who were regular users of a douche product and who had been treated recently for a sexually transmitted bacterial infection or bacterial vaginosis. Women were randomly assigned to use either a newly designed and marketed douche product or a soft cloth towelette. There was little or no indication of a greater risk of PID among women assigned to use the douche product (versus soft cloth towelette). Douching may be related to a lower probability that a woman becomes pregnant<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Rothman KJ, Funch DP, Alfredson T, Brady J, Dreyer NA|title=Randomized field trial of vaginal douching, pelvic inflammatory disease and pregnancy|journal=Epidemiology |volume=14|issue=3|pages=340–8|date=May 2003|pmid=12859036|url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=1044-3983&volume=14&issue=3&spage=340|doi=10.1097/00001648-200305000-00015}}</ref> In May 2003, a randomized, controlled, multi-center study was conducted with 1827 women ages 18–44 who were regular users of a douche product and who had been treated recently for a sexually transmitted bacterial infection or bacterial vaginosis. Women were randomly assigned to use either a newly designed and marketed douche product or a soft cloth towelette. There was little or no indication of a greater risk of PID among women assigned to use the douche product (versus soft cloth towelette).<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Rothman KJ, Funch DP, Alfredson T, Brady J, Dreyer NA|title=Randomized field trial of vaginal douching, pelvic inflammatory disease and pregnancy|journal=Epidemiology |volume=14|issue=3|pages=340–8|date=May 2003|pmid=12859036|url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=1044-3983&volume=14&issue=3&spage=340|doi=10.1097/00001648-200305000-00015}}</ref>


] nozzle with the vaginal nozzle (shown bottom left). The vaginal nozzle is longer and thicker and has lateral holes]] ] nozzle with the vaginal nozzle (shown bottom left). The vaginal nozzle is longer and thicker and has lateral holes]]


Antiseptics used during douching disturb the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina and can cause infections.<ref name=sciencenews>{{cite journal |last=Seppa |first=N. |title=Douching associated with pregnancy risk |journal=Science News |date=2 January 1999 |volume=155 |issue=1 |pages=7 |url=http://www.sciencenews.org/pages/pdfs/data/1999/15501/15501-12.pdf | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926103430/http://www.sciencenews.org/pages/pdfs/data/1999/15501/15501-12.pdf | archivedate=September 26, 2012 |accessdate=1 March 2013 |doi=10.2307/4011204|jstor=4011204 }}</ref> Unclean douching equipment may introduce foreign bodies into the vagina. Douching may also wash bacteria into the ] and ]s, causing fertility problems.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://health.ivillage.com/gynoperiod/prhygiene/0,,4r3b,00.html|title=Warning from Kelly Shanahan, MD on douching|date=|publisher=Health.ivillage.com|accessdate=2013-08-03}}</ref> For these reasons, the practice of douching is now strongly discouraged except when ordered by a physician for medical reasons.<ref name="sciencenews"/> In May 2007, 40 women were enrolled in am ]. The women all had bacterial vaginosis as defined by ] and were treated for 6 days with a douche containing '']''. ] were collected from the patients and analyzed according to ] at the time of diagnosis, after 6 days of treatment, and again at 20 days after the last treatment. At the same times, determination of vaginal pH and a Whiff test were performed. RESULTS: The ] decreased significantly from bacterial vaginosis or an intermediate flora toward a normal flora during treatment, and remained low during the follow-up period for almost all of the patients, indicating bacterial vaginosis in 52.5% and in 7.5% of the patients before treatment and at follow-up, respectively. After treatment, significant decreases in vaginal pH were observed, to less than pH 4.5 in 34/40 women, and the odor test became negative in all of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: In this preliminary study, treatment of bacterial vaginosis with a vaginal douche containing a strain of ''L. acidophilus'' contributed to the restoration of a normal vaginal environment. Antiseptics used during douching disturb the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina and can cause infections.<ref name=sciencenews>{{cite journal |last=Seppa |first=N. |title=Douching associated with pregnancy risk |journal=Science News |date=2 January 1999 |volume=155 |issue=1 |pages=7 |url=http://www.sciencenews.org/pages/pdfs/data/1999/15501/15501-12.pdf | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926103430/http://www.sciencenews.org/pages/pdfs/data/1999/15501/15501-12.pdf | archivedate=September 26, 2012 |accessdate=1 March 2013 |doi=10.2307/4011204|jstor=4011204 }}</ref> Unclean douching equipment may introduce foreign bodies into the vagina. Douching may also wash bacteria into the ] and ]s, causing fertility problems.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://health.ivillage.com/gynoperiod/prhygiene/0,,4r3b,00.html|title=Warning from Kelly Shanahan, MD on douching|date=|publisher=Health.ivillage.com|accessdate=2013-08-03}}</ref> For these reasons, the practice of douching is now strongly discouraged except when ordered by a physician for medical reasons.<ref name="sciencenews"/>


Douching after intercourse is estimated to reduce the chances of conception by only 15–25%.{{citation needed|date=September 2011}}{{Fact|date=April 2007}} In comparison, proper ] use reduces the chance of conception by as much as 97%.{{Fact|date=April 2007}} In some cases douching may force the ] further into the vagina, increasing the chance of pregnancy.{{Fact|date=April 2007}} A review of studies by researchers at the ] (N.Y.) showed that women who douched regularly and later became pregnant had higher rates of ], ]s, and low birth weight infants than women who only douched occasionally or who never douched. A review of studies by researchers at the ] (N.Y.) School of Medicine showed that women who douched regularly and later became pregnant had higher rates of ], ]s, and low birth weight infants than women who only douched occasionally or who never douched.<ref name="sciencenews"/> Douching after intercourse is estimated to reduce the chances of conception by only 15–25%.{{citation needed|date=September 2011}} In comparison, proper ] use reduces the chance of conception by as much as 97%. In some cases douching may force the ] further into the vagina, increasing the chance of pregnancy. A review of studies by researchers at the ] (N.Y.) showed that women who douched regularly and later became pregnant had higher rates of ], ]s, and low birth weight infants than women who only douched occasionally or who never douched.<ref name="sciencenews"/>


A 1995 survey quoted in the ] study found that 27% of U.S. women age 15 to 44 douched regularly {{fact}}, but that douching was more common among African-American women (over 50%) than among white women (21%),<ref name="sciencenews"/> and frequent douching contributes to more frequent bacterial vaginosis among African-American women than the average.<ref name="slate" /> A 1995 survey quoted in the ] study found that 27% of U.S. women age 15 to 44 douched regularly, but that douching was more common among African-American women (over 50%) than among white women (21%),<ref name="sciencenews"/> and frequent douching contributes to more frequent bacterial vaginosis among African-American women than the average.<ref name="slate" />


Medical doctor ] writes that not only can douching change the pH of the vagina and lead to infections, "There is no need ... to cleanse the vagina. It cleanses itself".<ref name="Care and Feeding">{{cite journal |last1=Hall |first1=Harriet|authorlink=Harriet Hall |title=The Care and Feeding of the Vagina |journal=Skeptical Inquirer |date=2018 |volume=42 |issue=5 |pages=28–29 }}</ref> Medical doctor ] writes that not only can douching change the pH of the vagina and lead to infections, "There is no need ... to cleanse the vagina. It cleanses itself".<ref name="Care and Feeding">{{cite journal |last1=Hall |first1=Harriet|authorlink=Harriet Hall |title=The Care and Feeding of the Vagina |journal=Skeptical Inquirer |date=2018 |volume=42 |issue=5 |pages=28–29 }}</ref>


==Slang uses== ==Slang uses==
''Douchebag'' and its variants, or simply ''douche'',<ref name="douche-dictionary.com">{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/douche?s=t|title=Define Douch at Dictionary.com|publisher=Dictionary.com|accessdate=24 December 2015}}</ref><ref name="vocabulary.com-douche">{{cite web|url=http://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/douche|title=douche – Dictionary Definition|publisher=Vocabulary.com|accessdate=24 December 2015}}</ref> are ] terms<ref name="vocabulary.com-douche"/> referring to an arrogant, obnoxious, or despicable person.<ref name="douchebag-dictionary.com">{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/douchebag|title=Define Douchebag at Dictionary.com|publisher=Dictionary.com|accessdate=24 December 2015}}</ref> The slang usage of the term originated in the 1960s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.drbilllong.com/SpellersDiary/Interlude.html |title=Terms of Derogation |publisher=Drbilllong.com |date= |accessdate=2013-08-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060414194031/http://www.drbilllong.com/SpellersDiary/Interlude.html|archivedate=14 April 2006}}</ref> The terms '''douche bag''', '''douche nozzle''', and '''douche''' for short are also popular derogatory terms of ] or ridicule in ]. Such a person can also be said to be guilty of '''douchebaggery''', or could also be described as being '''douchey'''. The term "douche bag" can be used as an exasperated exclamation to describe or insult another person, e.g. "That guy is such a silly little douche bag!" The term "douche bag" can be used as an exasperated exclamation to describe or insult another person, e.g. "HEY, douche bag!" or "Dude, she is such a horny little douche bag." Terms such as ''douche bag'',''d-bag'', ''douche nozzle'', ''douche cake'', "douche rocket", ''douche monkey'', ''douche fuck'', ''bag of douche'', ''giant douche'', and just plain ''douche''e are also popular derogatory terms of ] or ridicule in ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and the ]. The slang usage of the term dates back to the 60s. Initially, it was used to insult a woman. The origin of the use of the term as an insult is derived from ] activities. However, over time it has become a term mostly used to refer to men or for either gender. An example of this term used in an insulting manner would be "] is a Douche Bag!", illustrated on an episode of '']''. It is a common insult on the stop-action animation television show, ]. The term has become a common term in some forms of popular culture. The word has been used consistently over the years, but has gained particular national popularity in the early 21st century with usage on shows such as '']'', '']'', '']'' and '']''. In recent years, the word "douche" and its many variations have come to be used interchangeably with the words "''asshole''" and ''"idiot." In the online poker world, somebody who chases cards against the odds and occasionally gets lucky is commonly referred to as a "douchebag". The word has a wide array of meanings, and is often used interchangeably with the words like ''jerk'', ''asshole'', ''poser'', ''wannabe'', and ''doofus''. Two '']'' episode titles feature slang use of "douche". '']'' criticizes purported ] ], and '']'' parodies the ]. Douchebag is also commonly known as surprise sex Knapsack on the street slang varients of Scouse, in Liverpool, England. The metaphor term implies a variety of negative qualities, specifically ] and engaging in obnoxious and/or irritating actions without ]. It is generally used for males only.{{citation needed|date=December 2011}} ''Douchebag'' and its variants, or simply ''douche'',<ref name="douche-dictionary.com">{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/douche?s=t|title=Define Douch at Dictionary.com|publisher=Dictionary.com|accessdate=24 December 2015}}</ref><ref name="vocabulary.com-douche">{{cite web|url=http://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/douche|title=douche – Dictionary Definition|publisher=Vocabulary.com|accessdate=24 December 2015}}</ref> are ] terms<ref name="vocabulary.com-douche"/> referring to an arrogant, obnoxious, or despicable person.<ref name="douchebag-dictionary.com">{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/douchebag|title=Define Douchebag at Dictionary.com|publisher=Dictionary.com|accessdate=24 December 2015}}</ref> The slang usage of the term originated in the 1960s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.drbilllong.com/SpellersDiary/Interlude.html |title=Terms of Derogation |publisher=Drbilllong.com |date= |accessdate=2013-08-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060414194031/http://www.drbilllong.com/SpellersDiary/Interlude.html|archivedate=14 April 2006}}</ref>

It is often used to ridicule a person who acts as if he is better at something than he actually is. For example, a guy who dresses up like a basketball player, but is actually a horrible athlete would be more likely to be called a ''douchebag'' than a person who makes no pretense of being good at basketball, but is just as bad at sports. These terms can mean a variety of different insults, and have become popular in the comedic media (for instance, comic and ] host ] once named conservative columnist and television pundit ] as a "douchebag of liberty"):

* Someone who is annoying, bossy or even embarrassing.

* Someone who is stupid, intellectually challenged or mentally deranged, but less than clinically ]

* Someone who is unintelligently lying or ]ming.

* Someone who is ], ] or snobby.

* Someone whom you don't like.

* Someone who is socially inept.
"Douching" has also been used to replace the word "lying" in certain areas. For example, the phrase "you've got to be lying to me" has been said as "You've got to be douching me," implying that particular lie may be surprising or insulting to the intelligence of the person who is being asked to believe it. '''Douche''' can also be used in manner to indicate the necessity to calm down or be less abrasive toward a colleague or associate. The most popular way to convey this ] is the terse exclamation '''pls douche'''. The word douchebag was used in a skit for ] in 1980.


==See also== ==See also==
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* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ]
* '']'', an episode of '']'' critical of purported ] ]. A 2002 episode of the animated series South Park, entitled "The Biggest Douche in the Universe", focused primarily on Edward, portraying him as a cynical and exploitative fraud who knowingly manipulates the bereaved, but at the same time gets extremely upset if anyone questions his abilities.
* ] * ]
* ]


==References== ==References==
<references/>
{{reflist|30em}} {{reflist|30em}}


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{{Dosage forms}} {{Dosage forms}}
{{Toilets}} {{Toilets}}
{{Routes of administration}}
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Revision as of 05:11, 19 January 2019

"Douche bag" redirects here. For other uses, see Douchebag. This article is about vaginal irrigation. For anal irrigation, see Rectal douching. device used to introduce a stream of water into the body

Medical intervention
Douche
A vaginal bulb syringe with lateral holes near the tip of the nozzle.
Pronunciation/duːʃ/
ICD-9-CM96.44
MeSHD044364
[edit on Wikidata]

A douche is a device used to introduce a stream of water into the body for medical or hygienic reasons, or the stream of water itself. Douche usually refers to vaginal irrigation, the rinsing of the vagina, but it can also refer to the rinsing of any body cavity. A douche bag is a piece of equipment for douching—a bag for holding the fluid used in douching. To avoid transferring intestinal bacteria into the vagina, the same bag must not be used for an enema and a vaginal douche.

Douching after sexual intercourse is not an effective form of birth control. Additionally, douching is associated with a number of health problems (cervical cancer, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometritis, and increased risk of sexually transmitted infections) and thus is not recommended by doctors.

Etymology

The word's first known use is in 1766. Douche came into English via French, from Template:Lang-it "conduit pipe" and docciare "pour by drops" to douche, from doccia water pipe, probably back-formation from doccione conduit, from Template:Lang-lat, ductio means of conveying water, from ducere to lead. In French today it means shower, as it does in many non-English European languages.

Overview

Vaginal douche apparatus with five quart tank from 1905 nursing text.

Vaginal douches may consist of water, water mixed with vinegar, or even antiseptic chemicals. Douching has been touted as having a number of supposed but unproven benefits. In addition to promising to clean the vagina of unwanted odors, it can also be used by women who wish to avoid smearing a sexual partner's penis with menstrual blood while having sexual intercourse during menstruation. In the past, douching was also used after intercourse as a method of birth control, though it is not effective (see below).

Many health-care professionals state that douching is dangerous, as it interferes with both the vagina's normal self-cleaning and with the natural bacterial culture of the vagina, and it might spread or introduce infections. Douching is implicated in a wide variety of dangers, including: adverse pregnancy outcomes including ectopic pregnancy, low birth weight, preterm labor, preterm birth, and chorioamnionitis; serious gynecologic outcomes, including increased risk of cervical cancer, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometritis, and increased risk for sexually transmitted infections, including HIV; it also predisposes women to develop bacterial vaginosis (BV), which is further associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and increased risk of sexually transmitted infections. Due to this, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services strongly discourages douching, citing the risks of irritation, bacterial vaginosis, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Frequent douching with water may result in an imbalance of the pH of the vagina, and thus may put women at risk for possible vaginal infections, especially yeast infections.

In May 2003, a randomized, controlled, multi-center study was conducted with 1827 women ages 18–44 who were regular users of a douche product and who had been treated recently for a sexually transmitted bacterial infection or bacterial vaginosis. Women were randomly assigned to use either a newly designed and marketed douche product or a soft cloth towelette. There was little or no indication of a greater risk of PID among women assigned to use the douche product (versus soft cloth towelette).

The "fountain syringe" is used for douching, by replacing the attached enema nozzle with the vaginal nozzle (shown bottom left). The vaginal nozzle is longer and thicker and has lateral holes

Antiseptics used during douching disturb the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina and can cause infections. Unclean douching equipment may introduce foreign bodies into the vagina. Douching may also wash bacteria into the uterus and Fallopian tubes, causing fertility problems. For these reasons, the practice of douching is now strongly discouraged except when ordered by a physician for medical reasons.

Douching after intercourse is estimated to reduce the chances of conception by only 15–25%. In comparison, proper condom use reduces the chance of conception by as much as 97%. In some cases douching may force the ejaculate further into the vagina, increasing the chance of pregnancy. A review of studies by researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center (N.Y.) showed that women who douched regularly and later became pregnant had higher rates of ectopic pregnancy, infections, and low birth weight infants than women who only douched occasionally or who never douched.

A 1995 survey quoted in the University of Rochester study found that 27% of U.S. women age 15 to 44 douched regularly, but that douching was more common among African-American women (over 50%) than among white women (21%), and frequent douching contributes to more frequent bacterial vaginosis among African-American women than the average.

Medical doctor Harriet Hall writes that not only can douching change the pH of the vagina and lead to infections, "There is no need ... to cleanse the vagina. It cleanses itself".

Slang uses

Douchebag and its variants, or simply douche, are pejorative terms referring to an arrogant, obnoxious, or despicable person. The slang usage of the term originated in the 1960s.

See also

References

  1. Rengel, Marian (2000). Encyclopedia of birth control. Phoenix, Ariz: Oryx Press. p. 65. ISBN 9781573562553.
  2. Cottrell, BH (Mar–Apr 2010). "An updated review of evidence to discourage douching". MCN. The American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing. 35 (2): 102–7, quiz 108–9. doi:10.1097/NMC.0b013e3181cae9da. PMID 20215951.
  3. "Douche – Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary". Merriam-webster.com. 2012-08-31. Retrieved 2013-08-03.
  4. ^ Velasquez-Manoff, Moises (Jan 11, 2013). "What's in Your Vagina? A healthy microbiome, hopefully". Slate.
  5. Cottrell, B. H. (2010). "An Updated Review of Evidence to Discourage Douching". MCN, the American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing. 35 (2): 102–107, quiz 107–9. doi:10.1097/NMC.0b013e3181cae9da. PMID 20215951.
  6. "WebMD article on the causes of yeast infections, including douching". Women.webmd.com. 2011-10-31. Retrieved 2013-08-03.
  7. Rothman KJ, Funch DP, Alfredson T, Brady J, Dreyer NA (May 2003). "Randomized field trial of vaginal douching, pelvic inflammatory disease and pregnancy". Epidemiology. 14 (3): 340–8. doi:10.1097/00001648-200305000-00015. PMID 12859036.
  8. ^ Seppa, N. (2 January 1999). "Douching associated with pregnancy risk" (PDF). Science News. 155 (1): 7. doi:10.2307/4011204. JSTOR 4011204. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 26, 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
  9. "Warning from Kelly Shanahan, MD on douching". Health.ivillage.com. Retrieved 2013-08-03.
  10. Hall, Harriet (2018). "The Care and Feeding of the Vagina". Skeptical Inquirer. 42 (5): 28–29.
  11. "Define Douch at Dictionary.com". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 24 December 2015.
  12. ^ "douche – Dictionary Definition". Vocabulary.com. Retrieved 24 December 2015.
  13. "Define Douchebag at Dictionary.com". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 24 December 2015.
  14. "Terms of Derogation". Drbilllong.com. Archived from the original on 14 April 2006. Retrieved 2013-08-03.

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