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Revision as of 21:42, 27 April 2017
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| Antepartum bleeding | |
|---|---|
| Specialty | Obstetrics  |
In obstetrics, antepartum haemorrhage (APH), also prepartum hemorrhage, is genital bleeding during pregnancy from the 28th week (sometimes defined as from the 20th week) gestational age to term.
It can be associated with reduced fetal birth weight.
In regard to treatment, it should be considered a medical emergency (regardless of whether there is pain) and medical attention should be sought immediately, as if it is left untreated it can lead to death of the mother and/or fetus.
Causes of APH
- Obstetric
- Placenta
- Maternal blood
- Bloody show (benign) - most common cause of APH
- Placental abruption - most common pathological cause
- Placenta previa - second most common pathological cause
- Fetal blood (can be distinguished with Apt test)
- Vasa previa - often difficult to diagnose, frequently leads to fetal demise
- Maternal blood
- Ruptured Uterus
- Placenta
- Nonobstetric
- Bleeding from the lower genital tract
- Cervical bleeding - cervicitis, cervical neoplasm, cervical polyp
- Bleeding from the vagina itself - trauma, neoplasm
- Bleeding that may be confused with vaginal bleeding
- Bleeding from the lower genital tract
See also
References
- ^ patient.info » PatientPlus » Antepartum Haemorrhage
- The Royal Women’s Hospital > antepartum haemorrhage Retrieved on Jan 13, 2009
- Lam CM, Wong SF, Chow KM, Ho LC (2000). "Women with placenta praevia and antepartum haemorrhage have a worse outcome than those who do not bleed before delivery". Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 20 (1): 27–31. doi:10.1080/01443610063417. PMID 15512459.
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