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| the information provided earlier was entirely wrong and in order to defame the Kumhar community. According to hinduism kum means bhumi and therefore, this community is of mainly kshatirya origin in hinduism and swarna.this community is under obc in all states and parts of india.if anybody mislead and put negative coompaign against kumhar community,the legal action can be initiated against a person who is knowingly doing so. | |||
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| {{infobox ethnic group| | |||
| |group= Kumhar | |||
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| |region2 = India | |||
| |langs = ], ], ], ], ] ] ] | |||
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| '''Kumhar''' (or '''''Kumbhara''''', '''''Kubhara''''', '''''Kumar''''', '''''Kumor''''', '''''Kubar''''', '''''Khubar''''') is a ] or community in India. Kumhar literally means ] in Indian languages.<ref name="Saraswati1">{{cite book |last=Saraswati |first=Baidyanath |title=Pottery-Making Cultures And Indian Civilization |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=aqrB_Nzr5QcC&pg=PA46 |accessdate=6 April 2013 |year=1979 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-091-4 |pages=46–47 }}</ref> | |||
| The Kumhar community is found throughout India and is found in both Hindu and Muslim religions.<ref name="Saraswati1" /> Depending upon the subgroup or region they are classified as both ]<ref name="B. V. Bhanu">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=BsBEgVa804IC&pg=PA1175 |title=People of India: Maharashtra, Part 2 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |first=I. A. |last=Khan |chapter=Kumbhar/Kumhar |editor-first=B. V. |editor-last=Bhanu |year=2004 |pages=1175–1176 |isbn=978-8-17991-101-3}}</ref> and the ].<ref name="Balmurli Natrajan" /> | |||
| == Etymology == | |||
| The Kumhars derive their name from the ] word ''Kumbhakar'' meaning earthen-pot maker.<ref name="K. S. Singh">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vm_KCE4XXPMC&pg=PA565 |title=People of India: Rajasthan |publisher=Popular Prakashan |first=S. K. |last=Mandal |chapter=Kumhar/Kumbhar |editor-first=Kumar Suresh |editor-last=Singh |editor-link=Kumar Suresh Singh |year=1998 |pages=565–566 |isbn=978-8-17154-769-2}}</ref> Dravidian languages also confirms to the same meaning of the term ''Kumbhakar''.The term ''Bhande'' used as synonym for the Kumhar caste also means the Pot. The potters of ] are called ''Kulal'' or ''Kalal'', the term used in Yajurveda to denote the potter class.<ref name="Saraswati1" /> | |||
| == Mythological origin == | |||
| A section of Hindu Kumhars honorifically call themselves ''Prajapati'' after Vedic Prajapati, the Lord, who created the universe.<ref name="Saraswati1" /> | |||
| According to a legend prevalent among Kumhars {{quote|Once ] divided sugarcane among his sons and each of them ate his share, but the Kumhara who was greatly absorbed in his work, forgot to eat. The piece which he had kept near his clay lump struck root and soon grew into a sugarcane plant. A few days later, when Brahma asked his sons for sugarcane, none of them could give it to him, excepting the Kumhara who offered a full plant. Brahma was pleased by the devotion of the potter to his work and awarded him the title ''Prajapati''.<ref name="Saraswati1"/>}} | |||
| There is an opinion that this is because of their traditional creative skills of pottery, they are regarded as ''Prajapati''. <ref name="Ke. Āra Bhāratī">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=VO9cP6LYR8wC&pg=PA178 |title=Chamba Himalaya: Amazing Land, Unique Culture |publisher=Indus Publishing |first=Ke. Āra |last=Bhāratī |year=2001 |page=178 |isbn=978-8-17387-125-2}}</ref> | |||
| == Divisions == | |||
| The Potters are classified into Hindu and Muslim cultural groups.<ref name="Saraswati1" /> Among Hindus, inclusion of Artisan castes in ] ] is indisputable. The potters belong to the Shudra group of artisans of Hindu society. They are further divided in to two groups-clean caste and unclean caste.<ref>{{cite book |last=Saraswati |first=Baidyanath |title=Pottery-Making Cultures And Indian Civilization |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=aqrB_Nzr5QcC&pg=PA48 |accessdate=6 April 2013 |year=1979 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-091-4 |page=48 }}</ref> | |||
| Among the Kumhars are groups such as the Gujrati Kumhar, Rana Kumhar, Lad and Telangi. They all, bear these names after different cultural linguistic zones or caste groups but are termed as one caste cluster. <ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=gLAFhJ1cev4C&pg=PA293 |title=Rise of Anthropology in India |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |first=Lalita Prasad |last=Vidyarthi |year=1976 |page=293}}</ref> | |||
| == Distribution in India == | |||
| === Chamba (Himanchal) === | |||
| The Kumhars of Chamba are expert in making pitchers, Surahis, vessels, grain jars.toys for entertainment and earthen lamps. Some of these pots bear paintings and designs also.<ref name="Ke. Āra Bhāratī"/> | |||
| === Maharashtra (Marathe) === | |||
| Kumhars are found in ], ], ], ] and ]. They speak in ] among themselves but in Marathi as well as ] with outsiders. They use ] script for communication.<ref name="B. V. Bhanu" /> There are Kumbhars who do not belong to Maratha clan lives in Maharashtra and have occupation of making idols and pots.<ref name="Saraswati1" /> They are aware of the Hindu Varna heirarchy and consider themselves to be the ], the lowest rank.<ref name="B. V. Bhanu" /> | |||
| === Madhya Pradesh === | |||
| Hathretie and Chakretie (or Challakad) Kumhars are found in ]. Hathretie Kumhars are called so because they traditionally moved the "chak" (potter's wheel) by hands ("hath"). Gola is a common surname among Kumhars in Madhya Pradesh<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tdil.mit.gov.in/coilnet/ignca/mrnslp04.htm ग्वालियर के प्रजापती] |title=The Kumhars of Gwalior |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323001836/http://tdil.mit.gov.in/CoilNet/IGNCA/mrnslp04.htm |archivedate=2010-03-23}}</ref> | |||
| === Chhattisgarh === | |||
| The Jharia or Rewa Kumhars, Chakradhari, Chaklautiya, Goria and Kosaria Kumhars are noteworthy in Jharkhand.<ref name="Balmurli Natrajan">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=9mapAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT67 |title=The Culturalization of Caste in India: Identity and Inequality in a Multicultural Age |publisher=Routledge |first=Balmurli |last=Natrajan |year=2011 |pages=2.1 |isbn=978-1-13664-756-7}}</ref> | |||
| === Rajasthan === | |||
| In Rajasthan, Kumhars (Also known as Prajapat) have six sub-groups namely Mathera, Kumavat, Kheteri, Marwara, Timria and Mawalia. In the social hierarchy of Rajasthan, they are placed in the middle of the higher castes and the Harijans. They follow endogamy with clan exogamy.<ref name="K. S. Singh" /> | |||
| === Orissa and Bengal === | |||
| In Bengal Kumhars are one among the ceremonially pure castes.The Jagannathia Kumhars of Orissa, who provide vessels for the rice distribution in Jagannath temple, have much higher rank in the society than the Kumhars of Central India.{{cn|date=February 2015}} | |||
| === Uttar Pradesh and Bihar === | |||
| The classification of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar is same. The Kanaujia Kumhars are fairly respected in the society. They are called Pandit, but are distinct and different from ]s.The Magahiya Kumhars are treated little inferior to the Kanaujias and the Turkaha (Gadhere) Kumhars rank with untouchables.<ref>{{cite book |last=Saraswati |first=Baidyanath |title=Pottery-Making Cultures And Indian Civilization |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=aqrB_Nzr5QcC&pg=PA49 |accessdate=6 April 2013 |year=1979 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-091-4 |pages=49–50 }}</ref> | |||
| == See also == | |||
| * ] | |||
| == References == | |||
| {{reflist|2}} | |||
| == External links == | |||
| {{commons category|Kumhar}} | |||
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Revision as of 02:23, 4 March 2015
the information provided earlier was entirely wrong and in order to defame the Kumhar community. According to hinduism kum means bhumi and therefore, this community is of mainly kshatirya origin in hinduism and swarna.this community is under obc in all states and parts of india.if anybody mislead and put negative coompaign against kumhar community,the legal action can be initiated against a person who is knowingly doing so.