Calyx of Held: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 16:16, 14 January 2014 editNeurowiki (talk \| contribs)309 edits information on endbulbs of Held← Previous edit		Revision as of 18:30, 30 July 2014 edit undoRjwilmsi (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers932,131 editsm Journal cites, added 1 DOI using AWB (10331)Next edit →
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	The '''Calyx of Held''' is a particularly large ] in the ]ian ] ], so named by Hans Held in his 1893 article ''Die centrale Gehörleitung''<ref>Held, H. "Die centrale Gehörleitung" Arch. Anat. Physiol. Anat. Abt, 1893</ref> because of its resemblance to the ] of a flower.<ref>{{cite pmid\|12486149}}</ref> Globular bushy cells in the ]<ref>{{cite pmid\|24005293}}</ref> send ]s to the contralateral medial nucleus of the ] (MNTB), where they synapse via these calyces on MNTB principal cells.<ref>{{cite pmid\|2022755}}</ref><ref>{{cite pmid\| 9636113 }}</ref><ref>{{cite pmid\|22035348}}</ref> These principal cells then project to the ipsilateral ],<ref>{{cite pmid\|4044914 }}</ref> where they inhibit postsynaptic neurons and provide a basis for ] (ILD), required for high frequency sound localization.<ref>{{cite pmid\|9083818}}</ref> This synapse has been described as the largest in the brain.<ref>Morest, D. K. (1968). "The collateral system of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body of the cat, its neuronal architecture and relation to the olivocochlear bundle." Brain Res 9(2): 288-311.</ref>		The '''Calyx of Held''' is a particularly large ] in the ]ian ] ], so named by Hans Held in his 1893 article ''Die centrale Gehörleitung''<ref>Held, H. "Die centrale Gehörleitung" Arch. Anat. Physiol. Anat. Abt, 1893</ref> because of its resemblance to the ] of a flower.<ref>{{cite pmid\|12486149}}</ref> Globular bushy cells in the ]<ref>{{cite pmid\|24005293}}</ref> send ]s to the contralateral medial nucleus of the ] (MNTB), where they synapse via these calyces on MNTB principal cells.<ref>{{cite pmid\|2022755}}</ref><ref>{{cite pmid\| 9636113 }}</ref><ref>{{cite pmid\|22035348}}</ref> These principal cells then project to the ipsilateral ],<ref>{{cite pmid\|4044914 }}</ref> where they inhibit postsynaptic neurons and provide a basis for ] (ILD), required for high frequency sound localization.<ref>{{cite pmid\|9083818}}</ref> This synapse has been described as the largest in the brain.<ref>Morest, D. K. (1968). "The collateral system of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body of the cat, its neuronal architecture and relation to the olivocochlear bundle." ''Brain Res'' 9(2): 288-311.</ref>

	The related '''endbulb of Held''' is also a large axon terminal smaller synapse (15-30 µm in diameter) found in other auditory brainstem structures, namely the cochlear nucleus.<ref name="Ryugo2006">{{cite journal \|author=Ryugo DK, Montey KL, Wrigth AL, Bennett ML, Pongstaporn T \|title=Postnatal development of a large auditory nerve terminal: The endbulb of Held in cats \|journal=Hearing Research\|volume=216-217 \|year=2006 \|pmid=16497457 \|pages=100-115}}</ref> As with the calyces, these synapses promote fast, efficient information transfer.		The related '''endbulb of Held''' is also a large axon terminal smaller synapse (15-30 µm in diameter) found in other auditory brainstem structures, namely the cochlear nucleus.<ref name="Ryugo2006">{{cite journal \|author=Ryugo DK, Montey KL, Wrigth AL, Bennett ML, Pongstaporn T \|title=Postnatal development of a large auditory nerve terminal: The endbulb of Held in cats \|journal=Hearing Research\|volume=216-217 \|year=2006 \|pmid=16497457 \|pages=100-115 \|doi=10.1016/j.heares.2006.01.007}}</ref> As with the calyces, these synapses promote fast, efficient information transfer.

	== References ==		== References ==

Revision as of 18:30, 30 July 2014

The Calyx of Held is a particularly large synapse in the mammalian auditory central nervous system, so named by Hans Held in his 1893 article Die centrale Gehörleitung because of its resemblance to the calyx of a flower. Globular bushy cells in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) send axons to the contralateral medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB), where they synapse via these calyces on MNTB principal cells. These principal cells then project to the ipsilateral lateral superior olive (LSO), where they inhibit postsynaptic neurons and provide a basis for interaural level detection (ILD), required for high frequency sound localization. This synapse has been described as the largest in the brain.

The related endbulb of Held is also a large axon terminal smaller synapse (15-30 µm in diameter) found in other auditory brainstem structures, namely the cochlear nucleus. As with the calyces, these synapses promote fast, efficient information transfer.

References

Held, H. "Die centrale Gehörleitung" Arch. Anat. Physiol. Anat. Abt, 1893
Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 12486149, please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid=12486149 instead.
Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 24005293, please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid=24005293 instead.
Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 2022755, please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid=2022755 instead.
Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 9636113 , please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid= 9636113 instead.
Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 22035348, please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid=22035348 instead.
Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 4044914 , please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid=4044914 instead.
Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 9083818, please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid=9083818 instead.
Morest, D. K. (1968). "The collateral system of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body of the cat, its neuronal architecture and relation to the olivocochlear bundle." Brain Res 9(2): 288-311.
Ryugo DK, Montey KL, Wrigth AL, Bennett ML, Pongstaporn T (2006). "Postnatal development of a large auditory nerve terminal: The endbulb of Held in cats". Hearing Research. 216–217: 100–115. doi:10.1016/j.heares.2006.01.007. PMID 16497457.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Category:

Neuroanatomy

Revision as of 16:16, 14 January 2014 editNeurowiki (talk \| contribs)309 edits information on endbulbs of Held← Previous edit		Revision as of 18:30, 30 July 2014 edit undoRjwilmsi (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers932,131 editsm Journal cites, added 1 DOI using AWB (10331)Next edit →
Line 1:		Line 1:
	The '''Calyx of Held''' is a particularly large ] in the ]ian ] ], so named by Hans Held in his 1893 article ''Die centrale Gehörleitung''<ref>Held, H. "Die centrale Gehörleitung" Arch. Anat. Physiol. Anat. Abt, 1893</ref> because of its resemblance to the ] of a flower.<ref>{{cite pmid\|12486149}}</ref> Globular bushy cells in the ]<ref>{{cite pmid\|24005293}}</ref> send ]s to the contralateral medial nucleus of the ] (MNTB), where they synapse via these calyces on MNTB principal cells.<ref>{{cite pmid\|2022755}}</ref><ref>{{cite pmid\| 9636113 }}</ref><ref>{{cite pmid\|22035348}}</ref> These principal cells then project to the ipsilateral ],<ref>{{cite pmid\|4044914 }}</ref> where they inhibit postsynaptic neurons and provide a basis for ] (ILD), required for high frequency sound localization.<ref>{{cite pmid\|9083818}}</ref> This synapse has been described as the largest in the brain.<ref>Morest, D. K. (1968). "The collateral system of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body of the cat, its neuronal architecture and relation to the olivocochlear bundle." Brain Res 9(2): 288-311.</ref>		The '''Calyx of Held''' is a particularly large ] in the ]ian ] ], so named by Hans Held in his 1893 article ''Die centrale Gehörleitung''<ref>Held, H. "Die centrale Gehörleitung" Arch. Anat. Physiol. Anat. Abt, 1893</ref> because of its resemblance to the ] of a flower.<ref>{{cite pmid\|12486149}}</ref> Globular bushy cells in the ]<ref>{{cite pmid\|24005293}}</ref> send ]s to the contralateral medial nucleus of the ] (MNTB), where they synapse via these calyces on MNTB principal cells.<ref>{{cite pmid\|2022755}}</ref><ref>{{cite pmid\| 9636113 }}</ref><ref>{{cite pmid\|22035348}}</ref> These principal cells then project to the ipsilateral ],<ref>{{cite pmid\|4044914 }}</ref> where they inhibit postsynaptic neurons and provide a basis for ] (ILD), required for high frequency sound localization.<ref>{{cite pmid\|9083818}}</ref> This synapse has been described as the largest in the brain.<ref>Morest, D. K. (1968). "The collateral system of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body of the cat, its neuronal architecture and relation to the olivocochlear bundle." ''Brain Res'' 9(2): 288-311.</ref>

	The related '''endbulb of Held''' is also a large axon terminal smaller synapse (15-30 µm in diameter) found in other auditory brainstem structures, namely the cochlear nucleus.<ref name="Ryugo2006">{{cite journal \|author=Ryugo DK, Montey KL, Wrigth AL, Bennett ML, Pongstaporn T \|title=Postnatal development of a large auditory nerve terminal: The endbulb of Held in cats \|journal=Hearing Research\|volume=216-217 \|year=2006 \|pmid=16497457 \|pages=100-115}}</ref> As with the calyces, these synapses promote fast, efficient information transfer.		The related '''endbulb of Held''' is also a large axon terminal smaller synapse (15-30 µm in diameter) found in other auditory brainstem structures, namely the cochlear nucleus.<ref name="Ryugo2006">{{cite journal \|author=Ryugo DK, Montey KL, Wrigth AL, Bennett ML, Pongstaporn T \|title=Postnatal development of a large auditory nerve terminal: The endbulb of Held in cats \|journal=Hearing Research\|volume=216-217 \|year=2006 \|pmid=16497457 \|pages=100-115 \|doi=10.1016/j.heares.2006.01.007}}</ref> As with the calyces, these synapses promote fast, efficient information transfer.

	== References ==		== References ==