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	The tuning is (from low to high): CGDAEG. The original version of NST was ].		The tuning is (from low to high): CGDAEG. The original version of NST was ].
	However, in the 1980s, Fripp never attained the all fifth's high B. While he could attain A, the string's ] ] was too short. Experimenting with a G string, Fripp succeeded. "Originally, seen in 5ths. all the way, the top string would not go to B. so, as on a tenor banjo, I adopted an A on the first string. These kept breaking, so G was adopted."<ref name="Fripp2010" >{{cite journal\|title=Robert Fripp's diary: Friday, 5th February 2010\|first=Robert\|last=Fripp\|publisher=], DGM Live\|url=http://www.dgmlive.com\|ref=harv}}</ref> In 2012, Fripp suggested that ] members experiment with an A String (0.007) from ] of ];<ref name="Fripp2012" >{{cite journal\|title=Robert Fripp's diary: Sunday, 22nd April 2012\|first=Robert\|last=Fripp\|publisher=], DGM Live\|url=http://www.dgmlive.com\|ref=harv}}</ref><ref name="Fripp2012March" >{{cite journal\|title=Robert Fripp's diary: Friday, 2nd March 2012\|first=Robert\|last=Fripp\|publisher=], DGM Live\|url=http://www.dgmlive.com\|ref=harv}}</ref><ref></ref> if successful, the experiment could lead to "the NST 1.2", CGDAE-A, according to Fripp.<ref name="Fripp2012"/> In 2010, Fripp suggested renaming the tuning as "'''Guitar Craft Standard Tuning''' or '''C Pentatonic tuning'''".<ref name="Fripp2010Jan" >{{cite journal\|title=Robert Fripp's diary: Monday, 4th January 2010\|first=Robert\|last=Fripp\|publisher=], DGM Live\|url=http://www.dgmlive.com\|ref=harv}}</ref>		However, in the 1980s, Fripp never attained the all fifth's high B. While he could attain A, the string's ] ] was too short. Experimenting with a G string, Fripp succeeded. "Originally, seen in 5ths. all the way, the top string would not go to B. so, as on a tenor banjo, I adopted an A on the first string. These kept breaking, so G was adopted."<ref name="Fripp2010" >{{cite journal\|title=Robert Fripp's diary: Friday, 5th February 2010\|first=Robert\|last=Fripp\|publisher=], DGM Live\|url=http://www.dgmlive.com/diaries.htm?entry=16789\|ref=harv}}</ref> In 2012, Fripp suggested that ] members experiment with an A String (0.007) from ] of ];<ref name="Fripp2012" >{{cite journal\|title=Robert Fripp's diary: Sunday, 22nd April 2012\|first=Robert\|last=Fripp\|publisher=], DGM Live\|url=http://www.dgmlive.com/diaries.htm?entry=21688\|ref=harv}}</ref><ref name="Fripp2012March" >{{cite journal\|title=Robert Fripp's diary: Friday, 2nd March 2012\|first=Robert\|last=Fripp\|publisher=], DGM Live\|url=http://www.dgmlive.com/diaries.htm?entry=21266\|ref=harv}}</ref><ref></ref> if successful, the experiment could lead to "the NST 1.2", CGDAE-A, according to Fripp.<ref name="Fripp2012"/> In 2010, Fripp suggested renaming the tuning as "'''Guitar Craft Standard Tuning''' or '''C Pentatonic tuning'''".<ref name="Fripp2010Jan" >{{cite journal\|title=Robert Fripp's diary: Monday, 4th January 2010\|first=Robert\|last=Fripp\|publisher=], DGM Live\|url=http://www.dgmlive.com/diaries.htm?entry=16478\|ref=harv}}</ref>

	==Properties==		==Properties==
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	\| 0.011\|\| 0.013 \|\| 0.022 \|\| 0.032 \|\| 0.047 \|\| 0.059 \|\| ], manufacturer<ref name="CGT"/><ref name="CurtGolden"/> (available at ] courses)<ref name="CurtGolden"/>		\| 0.011\|\| 0.013 \|\| 0.022 \|\| 0.032 \|\| 0.047 \|\| 0.059 \|\| ], manufacturer<ref name="CGT"/><ref name="CurtGolden"/> (available at ] courses)<ref name="CurtGolden"/>
	\|-		\|-
	\| 0.010\|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| 0.052 (light)\|\| Newtone Strings<ref name="Fripp2012November" >{{cite web\|title=Robert Fripp's diary: October 18th, 2012\|month=18 October\|year=2012\|ref=harv\|first=Robert\|last=Fripp\|authorlink=Robert Fripp\|url=http://www.dgmlive.com\|publisher=], DGM Live!\|accessdate=7 November 2012}}</ref>		\| 0.010\|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| 0.052 (light)\|\| Newtone Strings<ref name="Fripp2012November" >{{cite web\|title=Robert Fripp's diary: October 18th, 2012\|month=18 October\|year=2012\|ref=harv\|first=Robert\|last=Fripp\|authorlink=Robert Fripp\|url=http://www.dgmlive.com/diaries.htm?entry=22614\|publisher=], DGM Live!\|accessdate=7 November 2012}}</ref>
	\|-		\|-
	<!-- Please leave this example: Make a copy of it for your own use.		<!-- Please leave this example: Make a copy of it for your own use.
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	-->		-->
	\|}		\|}
	In 2012, a 0.007 inch gauge was being evaluated by Fripp and other members of Guitar Circle, who are considering replacing the first string's G note with an A note, the better to approximate the B note of ]. The 0.007 inch gauge was produced by Octave4Plus of Gary Goodman.<ref name="Fripp2012"/><ref name="Fripp2012March"/><ref name="Fripp2012August" >{{cite web\|title=Robert Fripp's diary: Thursday, 2nd August 2012\|month=2 August\|year=2012\|ref=harv\|first=Robert\|last=Fripp\|authorlink=Robert Fripp\|url=http://www.dgmlive.com\|publisher=], DGM Live!\|accessdate=19 August 2012}}</ref> Robert Fripp uses lighter strings for electric guitar.<ref name="FrippStrings"/>		In 2012, a 0.007 inch gauge was being evaluated by Fripp and other members of Guitar Circle, who are considering replacing the first string's G note with an A note, the better to approximate the B note of ]. The 0.007 inch gauge was produced by Octave4Plus of Gary Goodman.<ref name="Fripp2012"/><ref name="Fripp2012March"/><ref name="Fripp2012August" >{{cite web\|title=Robert Fripp's diary: Thursday, 2nd August 2012\|month=2 August\|year=2012\|ref=harv\|first=Robert\|last=Fripp\|authorlink=Robert Fripp\|url=http://www.dgmlive.com/diaries.htm?entry=22150\|publisher=], DGM Live!\|accessdate=19 August 2012}}</ref> Robert Fripp uses lighter strings for electric guitar.<ref name="FrippStrings"/>

	{\| class="wikitable sortable"		{\| class="wikitable sortable"
Line 115:		Line 115:
	! G 1 !! E 2 !! A 3 !! D  4 !! G 5 !! C 6 !! Reference		! G 1 !! E 2 !! A 3 !! D  4 !! G 5 !! C 6 !! Reference
	\|-		\|-
	\| 0.010 \|\| 0.012 \|\| 0.016 \|\| 0.024 \|\| 0.038 \|\| 0.052 \|\| ]<ref name="FrippStrings" >{{cite web\|title=Robert Fripp's diary: Tuesday, 18th March 2003 \|date=18 March 2003 \|ref=harv\|first=Robert\|last=Fripp\|authorlink=Robert Fripp\|url=~~http~~://www.dgmlive.com\|publisher=], DGM Live!\|accessdate=23 July 2012}}		\| 0.010 \|\| 0.012 \|\| 0.016 \|\| 0.024 \|\| 0.038 \|\| 0.052 \|\| ]<ref name="FrippStrings" >{{cite web\|title=Robert Fripp's diary: Tuesday, 18th March 2003 \|date=18 March 2003 \|ref=harv\|first=Robert\|last=Fripp\|authorlink=Robert Fripp\|url=hhttp://www.dgmlive.com/diaries.htm?entry=719\|publisher=], DGM Live!\|accessdate=23 July 2012}}
	</ref><ref>The scale of Fripp's guitar is {{convert\|628\|mm\|inch}}.<p>{{cite web\|first=Ben\|last=Crowe\|publisher=Crimson Guitars\|title=Custom guitars from Crimson Guitars UK currently in stock\|url=http://crimsonguitars.com/stock/\|ref=harv\|accessdate=23 July 2012}}</ref>		</ref><ref>The scale of Fripp's guitar is {{convert\|628\|mm\|inch}}.<p>{{cite web\|first=Ben\|last=Crowe\|publisher=Crimson Guitars\|title=Custom guitars from Crimson Guitars UK currently in stock\|url=http://crimsonguitars.com/stock/\|ref=harv\|accessdate=23 July 2012}}</ref>
	\|-		\|-

Revision as of 16:42, 17 January 2013

New standard
Five consecutive open-notes of new standard tuning are spaced seven semitones apart on the chromatic circle; the highest interval is only three semitones apart.
Basic information
Aliases	Guitar Craft tuning
Interval	Perfect fifth
Semitones	7
Example(s)	C-G-D-A-E-G
Advanced information
Repetition	No
Advantages	Approximates all-fifths tuning; wide range
Disadvantages	Very difficult to play standard-guitar music
Left-handed tuning	All-fourths tuning (approximately)
Associated musician
Guitarist	Robert Fripp

Robert Fripp has taught new standard tuning to three-thousand Guitar Craft students
Regular tunings (semitones)
Trivial (0)
Minor thirds (3)
Major thirds (4)
All fourths (5)
Augmented fourths (6)
New standard (7, 3)
All fifths (7)
Minor sixths (8)
Guitar tunings

New Standard Tuning (NST) is a guitar tuning that was introduced by Robert Fripp, who is known as a member of King Crimson. In NST, the strings are assigned C-G-D-A-E-G (from lowest to highest). This allows for a greater range than traditional ("old standard") tuning (OST) in which the strings are tuned to the open notes E-A-D-G-B-E . The greater range allows NST-guitars to play pieces like The Moonlight Sonata that are impossible using OST.

The five lowest strings C-G-D-A-E are tuned in perfect fifths, which has long been the tuning used for mandolins, cellos, and violins. On a guitar, the highest B of an all fifths tuning was impractical until recently. The NST has provided a good approximation to perfect fifths tuning since the 1980s.

Fripp taught the new standard tuning in Guitar-Craft courses beginning in 1985, and thousands of Guitar Craft students continue to use the tuning. Like other alternative tunings for guitar, the NST has provided challenges and new opportunities to guitarists, who have developed music especially suited to NST. Indeed, many NST guitarists have become professional musicians and recording artists.

The NST has required greater attention to strings than has OST. String sets for the traditional tuning have problems being adapted for the New Standard Tuning: With OST string-sets, the lowest string is too loose and the highest string too often snaps under the increased tension. Special sets of NST strings have been available for decades, and of course some guitarists have assembled NST sets from individual strings.

History

Play

New standard tuning (NST) was invented by Robert Fripp of King Crimson in September 1983. Fripp began using the tuning in 1985 before beginning his Guitar Craft seminars, which have taught the tuning to three thousand guitarists.

String (right-handed)	Note	Frequency (Hertz)
1	g'	392.00
2	e'	329.63
3	a	220.00
4	d	146.83
5	G	98.66
6	C	65.41

The tuning is (from low to high): CGDAEG. The original version of NST was all fifths tuning. However, in the 1980s, Fripp never attained the all fifth's high B. While he could attain A, the string's lifetime distribution was too short. Experimenting with a G string, Fripp succeeded. "Originally, seen in 5ths. all the way, the top string would not go to B. so, as on a tenor banjo, I adopted an A on the first string. These kept breaking, so G was adopted." In 2012, Fripp suggested that Guitar Circle members experiment with an A String (0.007) from Octave4Plus of Gary Goodman; if successful, the experiment could lead to "the NST 1.2", CGDAE-A, according to Fripp. In 2010, Fripp suggested renaming the tuning as "Guitar Craft Standard Tuning or C Pentatonic tuning".

Properties

The lowest five strings are tuned in perfect fifths from a low C. The first string is a minor third up from the E to a G. Since the lowest five strings are tuned in fifths, guitars with NST can be played with the fingerings for chords and scales used on the violin, cello, and mandolin.

The first five strings of NST have all-fifths tuning, and so its all-fifths chords are movable around the fretboard. In contrast, standard tuning has an irregular major-third interjected among its perfect fourths, which complicates the learning of chords by beginners.

Chords: Perfect intervals rather than thirds

See also: Guitar chord and Quartal and quintal harmony

Asked whether NST facilitates "new intervals or harmonies that aren't readily available in standard tuning", Fripp responded, "Yes, that's part of it. It's more effective. It's a more rational system, but it's also better sounding—better for chords, better for single notes." To build chords, Fripp uses "perfect intervals in fourths, fifths and octaves", so avoiding minor thirds and especially major thirds, which are sharp in equal temperament tuning (in comparison to thirds in just intonation). Quartal and quintal harmony was stressed from the beginning of Fripp's teaching of Guitar Craft. Fripp began a 1986 course with these directions: "Now, pick a note from the following series—. When you are ready—do not be in any hurry, but when you are ready play your note, then pick others and play them as the situation demands it. Your first note will be the first intentional note you have played in a week."

It is a challenge to adapt conventional guitar-chords to new standard tuning. NST has wider intervals between consecutive strings than standard tuning; consequently some closely voiced jazz chords become impractical in NST and all-fifths tuning.

"Most songs (that is music which has both words and instrumental accompaniments) written in the have a quality of walking on long stilts. There are rarely many intervals, harmonic or melodic, in these guitar accompaniments that are closer than a major third except in the top of the voicing. Close voicings (from a single guitar) in are possible thanks to the minor third between the first and second string, and this is often the only practical place where close voicings occur with any regularity".

Range

Like all-fifths tuning, NST has a greater range than the Old Standard Tuning, approximately a perfect fifth greater (a major third lower and a minor third higher): The expanded range allows NST guitars to play music like Beethoven's "Moonlight Sonata", which is normally played on a piano and is beyond the reach of a traditional guitar.

String gauges

With traditional guitar strings, the low C may be loose and the high G may be too tight. Special gauges are therefore more suitable for NST. For steel-stringed acoustic-guitars, many Guitar-Craft participants use either an .011–.058 inch set or an .011–.059 inch set; string-sets may be purchased as a set from a manufacturer or purchased singly and assembled by the guitarist.

Steel-string gauges (inches) for acoustic guitars
G 1	E 2	A 3	D 4	G 5	C 6	Distributor
0.011	0.013	0.023	0.032	0.046	0.056	Guitar Craft Services (Unavailable in 2012)
0.012	0.015	0.023	0.032	0.046	0.060	Guitar Craft Services (Unavailable in 2012)
0.011	0.013	0.022	0.032	0.047	0.058	John Pearse Strings, manufacturer
0.011	0.013	0.022	0.032	0.047	0.059	D'Addario, manufacturer (available at Guitar-Circle courses)
0.010					0.052 (light)	Newtone Strings

In 2012, a 0.007 inch gauge was being evaluated by Fripp and other members of Guitar Circle, who are considering replacing the first string's G note with an A note, the better to approximate the B note of all-fifths tuning. The 0.007 inch gauge was produced by Octave4Plus of Gary Goodman. Robert Fripp uses lighter strings for electric guitar.

Gauges for electric guitars
G 1	E 2	A 3	D 4	G 5	C 6	Reference
0.010	0.012	0.016	0.024	0.038	0.052	Robert Fripp
0.008	0.012	0.015	0.026	0.042	0.052	Curt Golden

Artists who use NST

Robert Fripp has used the New Standard Tuning since 1984.

Fripp has taught NST in his Guitar-Craft courses. In Guitar Craft and since 2010 in the successor Guitar Circles, students use only New Standard Tuning. Having to use a new tuning, the students are challenged to approach their playing with greater mindfulness, putting to rest their habitual use of automatic chords or licks. With the new tuning, guitarists have to find new ways of musical expression.

The tuning is used by students of Guitar Craft, of which there have been three thousand. Guitar-Craft alumni who continue to practice NST are called "crafty guitarists" or "crafties". Some crafty guitarists formed The League of Crafty Guitarists (LCG), which toured with Robert Fripp and released several albums. The Guitar-Craft experience and the League of Crafty Guitarists trained guitarists who went on to form new bands, such as the California Guitar Trio and Trey Gunn; the California Guitar Trio and Gunn toured with Fripp as The Robert Fripp String Quintet. Other alumni of the League of Crafty Guitarists include members of Los Gauchos Alemanes, such as U.S. guitarist Steve Ball; Ball is associated with the Seattle Guitar Circle, along with LCG alumnus Curt Golden. The collection A Plague of Crafty Guitarists features the following Guitar-Craft alumni, who were listed in a review by Barry Cleveland: Tobin Buttram, Nigel Gavin, Geary Street Quartet, Bill Hibbits, Janssen and Jensen, Sur Pacifico, Playmovil, and Santos Luminosos. NST is used also by the following guitar-artists: Gitbox Rebellion, BigTime Trio, Zum, the Atomic Chamber Ensemble, Europa String Choir, Fabio Mittino, Lost Pedro, Tom McCarthy of Chicago's Luminance Ensemble.

NST has been adapted for instruments besides guitar. Trey Gunn (Crimson's touch-guitar player from 1994 to 2003) and Markus Reuter (TUNER with Crimson drummer Pat Mastelotto) have adapted NST for their 8- and 10-string instruments; in 2007 Reuter used a B♭-F-C-G-D-A-C-D tuning. Finnish musician Heikki Malmberg uses a 7-string guitar tuned in NST with an additional low F.

Notes

^ Mulhern (1986)
Tamm (2003, p. 148) harvtxt error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFTamm2003 (help)
^ Baldwin, Douglas (November 2007). "Guitar Heroes: How to Play Like 26 Guitar Gods from Atkins to Zappa", edited by Jude Gold and Matt Blackett, Guitar Player, p.111.
^ Fripp, Robert. "Robert Fripp's diary: Friday, 5th February 2010". Discipline Global Mobile, DGM Live. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
^ Fripp (2011, p. 3)
^ Fripp, Robert. "Robert Fripp's diary: Sunday, 22nd April 2012". Discipline Global Mobile, DGM Live. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
^ Fripp, Robert. "Robert Fripp's diary: Friday, 2nd March 2012". Discipline Global Mobile, DGM Live. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Octave4Plus of Gary Goodman
Fripp, Robert. "Robert Fripp's diary: Monday, 4th January 2010". Discipline Global Mobile, DGM Live. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
^ Sethares (2001, "The mandoguitar tuning", pp. 62–63)
^ Sethares, Bill (2001). "Regular tunings". Alternate tuning guide (pdf). Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin; Department of Electrical Engineering. pp. 52–67. 2010 Alternate tuning guide, including a revised chapter on regular tunings. Retrieved 19 May 2012. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
^ Musicologist Eric Tamm wrote that despite "considerable effort and search I just could not find a good set of chords whose sound I liked" for rhythm guitar. (Tamm 2003, Chapter 10: Postscript) harv error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFTamm2003 (help)
Tamm, Eric (2003) , Robert Fripp: From crimson king to crafty master (html) (Progressive Ears ed.), Faber and Faber (1990), ISBN 0-571-16289-4, Zipped Microsoft Word Document, retrieved 25 March 2012 {{citation}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help) Cite error: The named reference "Tamm10" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
Ball, Steve (2006). "Steve Ball music diary". steveball.com. Steve Ball at AllMusic. Retrieved 29 February 2012. {{cite web}}: |chapter= ignored (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
^ Zwerdling (1998)
^ Barry (2004) harvtxt error: no target: CITEREFBarry2004 (help)
Pearse, John. "Six and twelve string acoustic guitar". jpstrings.com. Retrieved 25 March 2012. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
^ Golden, Curt (2008). "Tunings". Curt Golden—Guitar Instruction. Retrieved 25 March 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
Fripp, Robert (2012). "Robert Fripp's diary: October 18th, 2012". Discipline Global Mobile, DGM Live!. Retrieved 7 November 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
Fripp, Robert (2012). "Robert Fripp's diary: Thursday, 2nd August 2012". Discipline Global Mobile, DGM Live!. Retrieved 19 August 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
^ Fripp, Robert (18 March 2003). . Discipline Global Mobile, DGM Live!. Retrieved 23 July 2012. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
The scale of Fripp's guitar is 628 millimetres (24.7 in).
Crowe, Ben. "Custom guitars from Crimson Guitars UK currently in stock". Crimson Guitars. Retrieved 23 July 2012. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Tamm (2003, pp. 134, 142, 148 (Chapter 10), c.f. pp. 160, 4) harvtxt error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFTamm2003 (help)
Tamm (2003, Chapter 11) harvtxt error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFTamm2003 (help)
Cleveland, Barry (2005). "Electric Gauchos' transcontinental alt-prog". Guitar Player. (subscription required). Retrieved 25 March 2012. {{cite journal}}: |section= ignored (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
Anonymous, Yakima Herald-Republic (2000). "Guitar performance slated for Unity Church". Yakima Herald-Republic. (subscription required). Retrieved 22 Apr. 2012. {{cite news}}: |section= ignored (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Upchurch, Michael (2010). "Guitarists put listeners in the circle". Your Wednesday. Seattle, Washington. (subscription required). Retrieved 25 March 2012. {{cite news}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |paper= ignored (help)
Cleveland (2004a)
Plague of Crafty Guitarists, Volume 1 at AllMusic. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
^ Prasad, Anil (2007). "Markus Reuter". Guitar Player. RIFFS: Outsider. (subscription required). Retrieved 25 March 2012. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
Bender, Frank (2009). "Heikki Malmberg—Exclusive OnlineDrummer.com Interview". OnlineDrummer.com. Retrieved 23 April 2012. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

References

Cleveland, Barry (2004a). "The Plague of Crafty Guitarists: Volume one". Guitar Player. (subscription required). Retrieved 25 March 2012. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
Cleveland, Barry (2004). "California Guitar Trio (Interview)" (pdf). Frets Magazine (Fall). Guitar Player (subscription required). Retrieved 25 March 2012. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
Fripp, Robert (2011). Pozzo, Horacio (ed.). Seven Guitar Craft themes: Definitive scores for guitar ensemble. "Original transcriptions by Curt Golden", "Layout scores and tablatures: Ariel Rzezak and Theo Morresi" (First limited ed.). Partitas Music. ISMN 979-0-9016791-7-7. DGM Sku partitas001. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Mulhern, Tom (1986). "On the discipline of craft and art: An interview with Robert Fripp" (html). Guitar Player. 20: 88–103. Retrieved 8 January 2013. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
Sethares, William A. (2011). "Alternate tuning guide". Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin; Department of Electrical Engineering. 2010 PDF version by Bill Sethares. Retrieved 19 May 2012. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Tamm, Eric (2003) , Robert Fripp: From crimson king to crafty master (Progressive Ears ed.), Faber and Faber (1990), ISBN 0-571-16289-4, Zipped Microsoft Word Document, retrieved 25 March 2012 {{citation}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Zwerdling, Daniel (1998). "California Guitar Trio". All Things Considered (NPR Weekend Edition ed.). Washington DC: National Public Radio. Html transcription (subscription required). Audio recording (free). Retrieved 25 March 2012. {{cite journal}}: |edition= has extra text (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

External links

Courses in New Standard Tuning are offered by Guitar Circle, the successor of Guitar Craft:
The FraKctured Zone is a King Crimson fan website with notation and tabs to songs in NST (with acknowledgment to Trey Gunn for permission).

v t e Robert Fripp
Studio albums	Exposure God Save the Queen/Under Heavy Manners The Gates of Paradise
Collaborative albums	The Cheerful Insanity of Giles, Giles and Fripp FFWD A Scarcity of Miracles
With Fripp & Eno	(No Pussyfooting) Evening Star The Equatorial Stars Beyond Even (1992–2006)
With The League of Gentlemen	The League of Gentlemen
With Andy Summers	I Advance Masked Bewitched
With David Sylvian	The First Day "Jean the Birdman" Darshan Damage: Live Approaching Silence
Guest appearances	Septober Energy Parallel Lines Fear of Music The Roches Sacred Songs 456 Lifeforms The Thunderthief Fear of a Blank Planet Here Come the Warm Jets Before and After Science "Heroes" Scary Monsters (And Super Creeps) H to He, Who Am the Only One Pawn Hearts Peter Gabriel (1977 album) Peter Gabriel (1978 album) Peter Gabriel (1980 album)
With King Crimson	King Crimson discography
With Sunday All Over the World	Kneeling at the Shrine
Related articles	Discography Frippertronics Discipline Global Mobile New standard tuning Guitar Craft California Guitar Trio Toyah Willcox Adrian Belew Bill Bruford Tony Levin David Singleton The Vicar G3

Guitar tunings

General
Standard DADGAD Nashville

Open (Slide and slack-key guitar)

Tuning	Repetitive	Overtones	Other (often most popular)
Open A Open B Open C Open D Open E Open F Open G	A-C♯-E-A-C♯-E B-D♯-F♯-B-D♯-F♯ C-E-G-C-E-G D-F♯-A-D-F♯-A E-G♯-B-E-G♯-B F-A-C-F-A-C G-B-D-G-B-D	A-A-E-A-C♯-E B-B-F♯-B-D♯-F♯ C-C-G-C-E-G D-D-A-D-F♯-A E-E-B-E-G♯-B F-F-C-F-A-C G-G-D-G-B-D	E-A-C♯-E-A-E B-F♯-B-F♯-B-D♯ C-G-C-G-C-E D-A-D-F♯-A-D E-B-E-G♯-B-E C-F-C-F-A-F D-G-D-G-B-D

Regular (semitones)
Unison (0) Minor thirds (3) Major thirds (4) All fourths (5) Augmented fourths (6) New standard (7, 3) All fifths (7)

Repetitive (open pitches)
Trivial (1) Augmented fourths (2) Major thirds (3) English open-C (3) Russian open-G (3) Minor thirds (4)

Miscellaneous
Terz Bass guitar Steel guitar (C6, E9) Other instruments Musical tuning William Sethares

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