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Gerald Arthur "Jerry" Sandusky (born January 26, 1944) is a retired American football coach and convicted serial child molester. Sandusky served as an assistant coach for his entire career, mostly at Pennsylvania State University under Joe Paterno, and was one of the most notable major college football coaches never to have held a head coaching position. He received Assistant Coach of the Year awards in 1986 and 1999. Sandusky authored several books related to his football coaching experiences.

In 1977, Sandusky founded The Second Mile, a non-profit charity serving Pennsylvania underprivileged and at-risk youth.

In 2011, following a two-year grand jury investigation, Sandusky was arrested and charged with 52 counts of sexual abuse of young boys over a 15-year period. Four of the charges were subsequently dropped, leaving 48 counts remaining. On June 22, 2012, Sandusky was found guilty on 45 of the 48 charges. Though he has not been sentenced yet, several legal experts say Sandusky will almost certainly spend the rest of his life in prison.

Early life and family

Sandusky was born in Washington, Pennsylvania, the only son of Evelyn Mae (née Lee), an Irish Catholic homemaker who came from a small Pennsylvania coal-mining town, and Arthur Sandusky, whose parents, Edward and Josephine Sendecki, had immigrated from Poland to East Vandergrift, Pennsylvania. His father Arthur served in the field of youth service programs for over 30 years, mostly as director of the Brownson House in Washington, Pennsylvania, a community recreation center for children. There, he founded the Pennsylvania Junior Wrestling program and created junior basketball, volleyball, boxing and football programs for the Brownson House. He improved the facilities there by adding a new playground, gym, outdoor basketball court, and a renovated football field. He managed the 1955 Washington baseball team that won the Pony League World Series championship, the only team from Washington to win that championship. Arthur was inducted into the Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame in 1989.

Jerry Sandusky attended Washington High School, where he was a good student and standout athlete, playing baseball, basketball, and football. He was a leader on his junior high basketball team that went undefeated through the Western Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic League. Personally, his classmates have described him as a studious "loner" who "never dated in high school" but was a popular and handsome athlete.

Sandusky married Dorothy "Dottie" (née Gross) in 1966, and together they have six adopted children. Sandusky and his wife have also served as foster parents. One of Sandusky's sons, Jon Sandusky, is Director of Player Personnel for the Cleveland Browns. Another son, E. J. Sandusky, is an assistant football coach at West Chester University.

Matt Sandusky, adopted son and former foster child of Sandusky's, released a statement through his attorneys saying that Sandusky had sexually molested him as a child. Matt Sandusky's statement was released on the day the jury began deliberations in the sex abuse trial against Sandusky.

Education and playing career

Sandusky played for Rip Engle at Penn State, starting at defensive end from 1963 to 1965. He graduated first in his class with a B.S. in health in 1966 and physical education in 1970.

Early coaching career

Sandusky served as a graduate assistant under Paterno at Penn State in 1966. He was the assistant basketball and track coach at Juniata College in 1967 and the offensive line coach at Boston University in 1968.

Coaching career at Penn State

He returned to Penn State in 1969 and remained there as an assistant coach until his retirement at the end of the 1999 season. Sandusky served as defensive line coach in 1969, became linebacker coach in 1970, and was promoted to defensive coordinator in 1977, holding that position until his retirement. In his years as a linebacker coach and defensive coordinator, he coached many defensive squads, and Penn State gained a reputation for outstanding linebacker play, producing 10 first-team All-Americans at that position, and acquiring the nickname "Linebacker U". Jack Ham and LaVar Arrington were two of the noted pro football greats to emerge from his teams.

In 1998 Sandusky came under investigation by the campus police, following a claim by a mother that her son had been molested by him in the showers in Penn State. The president of Penn State, Graham Spanier, and Paterno among several Penn State officials followed the investigation closely.

Sandusky officially retired shortly after this investigation, and was awarded "both an unusual compensation package and a special designation of 'emeritus' rank that carried special privileges, including access to the university’s recreational facilities." Furthermore, Spanier approved a lump-sum payment to Sandusky of $168,000.

His final game coaching at Penn State was a notable game for Sandusky. Penn State faced Texas A&M in the 1999 Alamo Bowl in San Antonio, Texas. The Nittany Lions' defense shut out Texas A&M, 24–0, the only bowl game shutout victory for Penn State under Paterno. Sandusky was recognized in ways usually reserved for a head coach. He was doused with a water bucket and carried to the center of the field on the shoulders of his players.

The Second Mile

After retirement, Sandusky hosted many summer football camps and was active in The Second Mile, a children's charity he founded in State College, Pennsylvania in 1977.

President George H. W. Bush praised the group as a "shining example" of charity work in a 1990 letter, one of that president's much-promoted "Thousand points of light" encouragements to volunteer community organizations.

Citing Sandusky's work with The Second Mile charity to provide care for foster children, then U.S. Senator Rick Santorum honored Sandusky with an Angels in Adoption award in 2002.

Ex-Eagles head coach Dick Vermeil, current Eagles head coach Andy Reid, former Phillies owner Ruly Carpenter, Matt Millen from ESPN, actor Mark Wahlberg, Arnold Palmer, and football player Franco Harris, among others, served on the Honorary Board of Second Mile.

On November 15, 2011, the Congressional Coalition on Adoption Institute, a non-profit adoption awareness organization, rescinded its 2002 Angels in Adoption award to Jerry and Dorothy Sandusky. Former Pennsylvania Senator Rick Santorum, who nominated Sandusky and his wife for the award, has said he is "devastated" by the scandal.

During the time period that Sandusky was being investigated by the Office of the Attorney General, investigators served subpoenas on the Second Mile to get records of boys who had been through the program as well as Sandusky’s travel and expense records. As it turned out, the records from 2000 to 2003 were missing. Record keepers later found files for one year, but the records for the other three years were never found.

Child sexual abuse charges

Investigation and charges

On November 4, 2011, a grand jury that had been convened in September 2009, or earlier, indicted Sandusky on 40 counts of sex crimes against young boys. The indictment came after a three-year investigation that explored allegations of Sandusky having inappropriate contact with an underage boy over the course of four years, beginning when the boy was ten years old. The boy's parents reported the incident to police in 2009. The grand jury identified eight boys that had been singled out for sexual advances or sexual assaults by Sandusky, taking place from 1994 through 2009. At least 20 of the incidents allegedly took place while Sandusky was still employed at Penn State.

According to the first indictment, in 2002 assistant coach Mike McQueary, then a Penn State graduate assistant, said he walked in on Sandusky anally raping a ten-year-old boy. The next day, McQueary reported the incident to Paterno. (Later while testifying at trial, McQueary spoke about what he had relayed to Paterno: “I told him and I want to make sure I'm clear. I made sure he knew it was sexual and wrong. There was no doubt.” Paterno told McQueary at the time, “You did what you had to do. It is my job now to figure out what we want to do.” Paterno then informed Penn State athletic director Tim Curley.

Curley and senior vice president for finance and business Gary Schultz (who oversaw the Penn State police department) called McQueary to a meeting a week and a half later. During the meeting McQueary said that he relayed in "graphic detail" what had witnessed in the locker-room showers at the Lasch Building.

(According to details in the Freeh Report released July 12, 2012: Despite being aware of Sandusky's sexual misconduct with young boys in the locker-room showers in the Lasch Building in 1998, and 2001, Spanier, Paterno, Curley, and Schultz never restricted Sandusky's access to Penn State facilities. The report states that Sandusky had access to the Lasch Building until November 2011. Over the next ten-year period, Sandusky "was frequently at the Lasch Building working out, showing up at campus events that Penn State supported...He was showering with young boys, staying in dormitories...There are more red flags than you could count, over a long period of time." Consequently, out of the 10 young boys that Sandusky would be convicted of sexually assaulting, most of them were abused after he was investigated in 1998 — five of them were assaulted "at Penn State’s football facilities and other places on campus after May 1998").

The indictment accused Curley and Schultz not only of failing to tell the police, but also of falsely telling the grand jury that McQueary never informed them of the alleged sexual activity.

On November 5, 2011, Sandusky was arrested and charged with seven counts of involuntary deviate sexual intercourse; eight counts of corruption of minors, eight counts of endangering the welfare of a child, seven counts of indecent assault; and other offenses.

Curley and Schultz were charged with perjury and failure to report suspected child abuse by Sandusky.

On November 6, 2011, Penn State banned Sandusky from campus. His bail conditions did not include restrictions on his travel.

In December 2011, Sandusky was charged with an additional 12 counts of sexual crimes against children. The grand jury's second presentment charges Sandusky with an additional count of involuntary deviate sexual intercourse and two additional counts of unlawful contact with a minor. The additional victims, known only as "Victim 9" and "Victim 10," were participants in Sandusky's youth program and were between the ages of 10 and 12 at the time of the sexual assaults.

On December 7, 2011, Sandusky was arrested for a second time based on the additional sexual abuse charges. Sandusky was released on $250,000 bail and placed on monitored house arrest while he awaited trial. Sandusky chose to waive his preliminary hearing that took place in mid December.

Pre-trial interviews

On November 14, in a televised phone interview on NBC's Rock Center with Brian Williams, Sandusky admitted to correspondent Bob Costas to having showered with underage boys and touching their bodies, as he described it "without intent of sexual contact." Sandusky denied being a pedophile. The interview received substantial coverage in the media, particularly regarding the manner in which Sandusky answered Costas when asked if he is sexually attracted to young boys:

COSTAS: "Are you sexually attracted to young boys, to underage boys?"
SANDUSKY: "Am I sexually attracted to underage boys?"
COSTAS: "Yes."
SANDUSKY: "Sexually attracted, you know, I enjoy young people. I love to be around them. But no I'm not sexually attracted to young boys."

In the days following the interview, several potential victims contacted State College lawyer Andy Shubin to tell their stories, with one claiming Sandusky had abused him in the 1970s.

In an interview with Jo Becker of the The New York Times on December 3, 2011, Sandusky responded to the initial 40 charges of sexual crimes against children:

BECKER: "You must have some theory, Without getting into individual cases or naming names."
SANDUSKY: "You would have to, to have my understanding of that. What I think? I mean, What I think are that these are individual matters. These kids, some of them, I know them. Some of them. I don't know all of them. . We're assuming we know them. Two of the kids. My gut feeling would be that they got pulled into this."

Trial

The trial, for 52 charges of sexual crimes against children, started on June 11, 2012, at the Centre County Courthouse in Bellefonte, Pennsylvania. State Deputy Attorney General, and former homicide prosecutor, Joseph E. McGettigan III, led the prosecution team for the commonwealth; defense attorney Joseph Amendola was Sandusky's lead attorney for the defense team; and Senior Judge John Cleland presided.

Over the course of the trial that lasted eight days, jurors heard from eight witnesses who testified that Sandusky sexually abused them. Jurors also heard testimony about assaults on two other victims who were never identified. Of the eight males who gave testimony, each explained that they met Sandusky through The Second Mile organization; their individual accounts spanned from the mid-1990s until 2009. The witnesses testified of similar stories of being abused in the football locker room showers or in the basement of Sandusky's home Sandusky's defense attorneys argued that the accusers were driven by financial motives.

The first prosecution witness, identified in media reports as "Victim 4," described detailed accounts of many instances of sexual abuse, including unwanted oral and anal sex, by Sandusky while the witness was a participant in Sandusky's Second Mile charitable organization. According to "Victim 4," he was sexually abused by Sandusky as many as three times a week for three years, beginning when he was 13 years old. The witness further testified that when he attempted to distance himself from Sandusky, Sandusky offered the boy a contract for money to continue spending time with him.

On the second day of trial, "Victim 1", the youngest of Sandusky's alleged victims, testified to over 20 incidents of abuse, including unwanted and forced oral sex, by Sandusky during 2007 and 2008 while the boy was a participant in Sandusky's Second Mile program. The boy was 11 or 12 years old when the sexual abuse started. Mike McQueary, former Penn State graduate assistant football coach, testified that in 2001 in a Penn State locker room, he heard "skin on skin" slapping sounds coming from the showers. McQueary testified that he then saw Sandusky naked behind a 10- to 12-year-old boy propped against a shower wall, with "Sandusky's arms wrapped around the boy's midsection in the closest proximity that I think you could be in."

On June 18, 2012, it was reported that during the full-day court recess the previous Friday, prosecutors had contacted NBC "asking the network to re-authenticate a full unedited transcript" of the Bob Costas interview from November. An unaired portion of the Costas interview featured Sandusky saying, "I didn't go around seeking out every young person for sexual needs that I've helped". Legal analysts explained that this could be used by the prosecution to cross examine Sandusky if he were to take the stand.

On June 21, 2012, after the case had gone to the jury, Matt Sandusky, one of Sandusky's six adopted children, stated through his attorney that he was also a victim of the former coach's sexual abuse. He had been ready to testify for the prosecution, but did not do so. Later, Amendola said that Jerry Sandusky had every intention of testifying in his own defense, but decided against it because he claimed that the prosecution would have called Matt Sandusky to the stand.

Subsequently, sources close to the investigation conducted by the Office of the State Attorney General have stated that the prosecutor never threatened to have Matt Sandusky testify at trial, and that "prosecutor Joseph McGettigan relished the opportunity of taking-on Jerry Sandusky in cross examination and had promised Amendola early on that they would not call any additional rebuttal witnesses".

Verdict

The jury, consisting of seven women and five men, many with direct ties to Penn State, deliberated for 21 hours over two days. On the evening of June 22, 2012, the jury reached its verdict, finding Sandusky guilty on 45 of the 48 counts against him. Specifically, Sandusky was convicted of the following charges and counts: eight counts of involuntary deviate sexual intercourse, seven counts of indecent assault, one count of criminal intent to commit indecent assault, nine counts of unlawful contact with minors, 10 counts of corruption of minors and 10 counts of endangering the welfare of children.

Sandusky faces a maximum sentence of 442 years in prison. According to NBC News' Michael Isikoff, Sandusky faces a minimum sentence of 60 years under Pennsylvania sentencing guidelines - at his age, effectively a life sentence. A sentencing hearing was expected 90 days from the date of conviction.

Sandusky could also potentially face federal charges for molesting boys at both the 1999 Alamo Bowl in San Antonio and the 1999 Outback Bowl in Tampa. Although these were spelled out in the state indictment, federal authorities have jurisdiction over any crime that crosses a state line. Although federal investigators appear to be focusing their probe on a possible cover-up of Sandusky's crimes by officials at Penn State, it would not be double jeopardy to bring charges against Sandusky himself. Officials in San Antonio are conducting a probe of the 1999 Alamo Bowl case, and Sandusky could potentially face charges there; again, it would not be double jeopardy for him to be charged in Texas.

Reaction

Penn State has been the subject of significant media criticism because several members of its staff, ranging from the University President down to a graduate assistant, covered up Sandusky's assaults. In June 2012, Penn State University implemented a policy to require mandatory reporting of child abuse by any Penn State employee working with children. The policy also requires all Penn State employees working with children to go through a background check and training related to child abuse and reporting requirements.

A profile emerges

Over several years, Sandusky had formulated a strategy to cull vulnerable boys (who he would first approach when they were 8-12 years-old) through the Second Mile organization, targeting his potential victims at will (boys tended to be from homes without a father present); at which point Sandusky employed classic child grooming strategies (offering trips to football games, gifts — leading to incremental touching). This form of manipulation is generally the modus operandi of pedophiles as a ploy to build trust while invading personal boundaries — all part of instilling confusion, leading up to and part of the sexual abuse (Sandusky often initiated overtly sexual behavior in the locker room showers). "The testimony of one victim who said he was forced to put his hand on Sandusky’s erection when he was 8 to 10 years old particularly outraged investigators 'The poor kid was too young to even understand what an erection was,' one said."

Freeh report

The report by a special investigative council headed by former FBI Director Louis Freeh was released on July 12, 2012. The report states that four “of the most powerful people" at Penn State: Paterno, Curley, Schultz, and Spanier "failed to protect against a child sexual predator harming children for over a decade."

The Freeh report spells out that by allowing Sandusky to retire in 1999 as a “valued member of the Penn State football legacy,” Sandusky was allowed to continue to sexually abuse without interference. Through being able to leverage the "visibility of Penn State, combined with his ability 'to continue to work with young people through Penn State'", Sandusky was essentially facilitated in being able to continue with his core method of “grooming" boys as "targets for his assaults”.

The report outlines how all four men were aware of the 1998 investigation of Sandusky's inappropriate conduct with a young boy in a Penn State shower after the boy's mother reported it. Also, Freeh's investigation uncovered a file kept by Schultz in which he wrote notes about Sandusky's 1998 incident. For instance, Schultz wrote: "Is this opening of Pandora's box?" He also wondered, "other children?" The report explains that after McQueary notified them of another shower incident with more graphic details of sexual abuse in 2001, according to Freeh, “Sandusky was allowed to continue with impunity.”

The evidentiary weight of Freeh’s report draws heavily from retrieved emails from 1998 and 2001. Freeh referred to them as “the most important evidence” in the report, which he said were uncovered through “skill and luck”. The Freeh report concludes that these emails demonstrate Joe Paterno's knowledge of the 1998 incident — and that they also demonstrate Paterno's involvement in how Penn State responded to the 2001 incident.

Upon Sandusky retiring in 1999, no restrictions were placed upon him continuing to bring boys to the showers in Lasch. Freeh's report is very specific on this matter: Paterno, Curley, Schultz, and Spanier "empowered Sandusky to attract potential victims to the campus and football events by allowing him to have continued, unrestricted and unsupervised access to the University's facilities and affiliation with the university's prominent football program. Indeed, the continued access provided Sandusky with the very currency that enabled him to attract his victims".

The report states that nobody took any "responsible action after February 2001 other than Curley informing the Second Mile that Mr. Sandusky had showered with a boy" and then telling Sandusky not to bring his “guests” into the Penn State facilities; but the topic of sexual abuse was not broached with Sandusky.

The report criticizes Paterno for his failure to “alert the entire football staff, in order to prevent Sandusky from bringing another child into the Lasch Building”. (The Lasch housed Jerry Sandusky's office as well as that of Joe Paterno).

Beyond the question of building access, the report details that as part of Sandusky’s retirement agreement in 1999, he could "continue to work with young people through Penn State" for more than a decade, including Second Mile events on campus, youth football camps, etc.

Sandusky's access to Lasch was rescinded in November 2011. In the years previous to that, out of the 10 young boys that Sandusky was convicted of sexually assaulting, most of them were abused after he was investigated in 1998 — with the abuse of at least five of them occurring on the Penn State campus.

Further allegations

Three men came forward and told police that they were abused in the 1970s or 1980s by Sandusky. They are the first men to allege abuse before the 1990s.

Publications

Sandusky co-wrote an autobiography titled Touched: The Jerry Sandusky Story (ISBN 9781582612706), which was published in 2001. His co-writer was Keith "Kip" Richeal. The book also includes a quote in a foreword from football coach Dick Vermeil about Sandusky: "He could very well be the Will Rogers of the coaching profession." In the book, which was still on sale at the Penn State bookstore according to a November 12, 2011, report in a Harrisburg paper, "Sandusky paints a picture of himself as someone who would consistently take risks in pursuit of what he often refers to as 'mischief'". Other passages which look "different in light of the horrendous allegations" include:

• "ou could mess up a free lunch", Sandusky quoted his own father as telling him
• "I thrived on testing the limits of others and I enjoyed taking chances in danger"
• Sandusky telling of demonstrating his throat-hold on a Second Mile boy who'd come to Sandusky complaining of a "foster father 'grabbed me around the back of my shoulders and ... made me do something when I didn't want to do it'"
• Repeated descriptions of Sandusky hugging boys and talking about being very close to boys
• "I enjoyed pretending as a kid, and I love doing the same as an adult with these kids."

Other books by Sandusky include:

• Developing linebackers the Penn State way, Leisure Press, 1981; ISBN 978-0-918438-64-5
• Coaching linebackers, with Cedric X. Bryant. Coaches Choice Books, 1995; ISBN 978-1-57167-059-5
• 101 linebacker drills, with Cedric X. Bryant. Coaches Choice Books, 1997; ISBN 978-1-57167-087-8

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67. Horne, Kevin (June 12, 2012). "Victim #1 Testifies on Day Two of Trial [Graphic Content]". Onward State. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
68. "Alleged Sandusky victim details abuse". CNN. June 12, 2012. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
69. Horne, Kevin (June 12, 2012). "Mike McQueary Testifies on Day Two". Onward State. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
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88. See Freeh answering questions from reporters immediately after making his remarks at press conference.
89. "Freeh Report: Joe Paterno Knew In 1998". Deadspin. July 12, 2012.
90. The report states on page 24: that after the meeting with Curley, the “Second Mile leadership” concluded that the matter was “ a non-incident” that did not require “further action".
91. Oliver, Wes (July 12, 2012). "Analysis: Paterno could have been indicted had he lived". MSNBC.
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94. Accused ex-coach wrote a book titled 'Touched' (Philadelphia Inquirer, Nov. 7, 2011)
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96. Jerry Sandusky's book titled 'Touched: The Jerry Sandusky Story' (Los Angeles Times, November 7, 2011)
97. "Jerry Sandusky's autobiography 'Touched' contains passages that now make the reader cringe", The Patriot-News, November 12, 2011, 4 pm/10:27 pm. Retrieved 2011-11-14.

External links

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• Sandusky, Penn State case timeline
• Jerry Sandusky collected news and commentary at The New York Times
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