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The village of '''Qisarya''' ({{lang-ar|قيسارية}}) was located {{convert|37|km|mi|sp=us}} south of Haifa. The village of '''Qisarya''' ({{lang-ar|قيسارية}}) was located {{convert|37|km|mi|sp=us}} south of Haifa.
==History== ==History==
After the Muslim conquest, during the ] area, the ruins of ] by the Crusader fortress near Caesarea on the ] coast was uninhabited. First in 1664 a settlement is mentioned. It consisted of 100 "Moroccan" families, and 7-8 Jewish ones.<ref>Roger, 1664; cited in Ringel 1975, 174; cited in Petersen, 2001, p.129</ref> In the 17th hundred it again declined.<ref>Petersen, 2001, p129</ref> In 1884 a community was established by ]s (Muslim immigrants from Bosnia) who built a small fishing village.<ref>Laurence Oliphant, '''' (Edinburgh, Blackwood, 1887), p. </ref><ref>{{Citeweb |url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vie/Caesarea.html |title=Caesarea |publisher=Jewish Virtual Library |accessdate=2007-10-22}}</ref> The village decline in economic importance occurred when a railway was built bypassing the port, ruining their livelihood. Qisarya had a population of 930 Muslims and 30 Christians in 1945.<ref>Government of Palestine, ''Village Statistics, 1945''.</ref> In 1944/45 a total of 18 dunums of village land was used for citrus and bananas, 1,020 dunums were used for ]s, while 108 dunums were irrigated or used for orchards.<ref>Khalidi, 1992, p. 183</ref><ref>Hadawi, 1970, </ref> After the Muslim conquest, during the ] area, the ruins of ] by the Crusader fortress near Caesarea on the ] coast was uninhabited. First in 1664 a settlement is mentioned. It consisted of 100 "Moroccan" families, and 7-8 Jewish ones.<ref>Roger, 1664; cited in Ringel 1975, 174; cited in Petersen, 2001, p.129</ref> In the 17th hundred it again declined.<ref>Petersen, 2001, p129</ref> In 1884 a community was established by ]s (Muslim immigrants from Bosnia) who built a small fishing village.<ref>Laurence Oliphant, '''' (Edinburgh, Blackwood, 1887), p. </ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vie/Caesarea.html |title=Caesarea |publisher=Jewish Virtual Library |accessdate=2007-10-22}}</ref> The village decline in economic importance occurred when a railway was built bypassing the port, ruining their livelihood. Qisarya had a population of 930 Muslims and 30 Christians in 1945.<ref>Government of Palestine, ''Village Statistics, 1945''.</ref> In 1944/45 a total of 18 dunums of village land was used for citrus and bananas, 1,020 dunums were used for ]s, while 108 dunums were irrigated or used for orchards.<ref>Khalidi, 1992, p. 183</ref><ref>Hadawi, 1970, </ref>
===1947/1948, Massacre, and Aftermath=== ===1947/1948, Massacre, and Aftermath===
In December 1947 the local leader, Tawfiq Kadkuda, had made approaches to Jewish officials in an effort to establish non-belligerency agreements with local Jewish settlements.<ref>Morris, 2004, p 92</ref> The 31 January 1948 ] attack on a bus leaving Qisarya, killing 2 and injuring 6 people, precipitated an evacuation of the population, who fled for fear of further attacks, mainly to ].<ref>Morris, 2004, p 130</ref> Also during February 1948 the 'Arab al Sufsafi and Saidun ], who inhabited the dunes between Qisarya and ] left the area.<ref>Morris, 2004, p 129</ref> After that the remaining inhabitants were ] and the village houses were demolished by the ] 4th battalion between 19–20 February and October 1948.<ref>Morris, 2004, p 77 and p 354</ref> According to a testimony collected from Battalion members obtained by Israeli historian Uri Milstein: "In February 1948, the 4th Battalion of Palmach, under the command of Josef Tabenkin, conquered Caesaria." <ref>The Palestinian Nabka: The Register of Depopulated Localities in Palestine by THe Palestinian Return Centre, Sept 2000 pg. 18</ref> In December 1947 the local leader, Tawfiq Kadkuda, had made approaches to Jewish officials in an effort to establish non-belligerency agreements with local Jewish settlements.<ref>Morris, 2004, p 92</ref> The 31 January 1948 ] attack on a bus leaving Qisarya, killing 2 and injuring 6 people, precipitated an evacuation of the population, who fled for fear of further attacks, mainly to ].<ref>Morris, 2004, p 130</ref> Also during February 1948 the 'Arab al Sufsafi and Saidun ], who inhabited the dunes between Qisarya and ] left the area.<ref>Morris, 2004, p 129</ref> After that the remaining inhabitants were ] and the village houses were demolished by the ] 4th battalion between 19–20 February and October 1948.<ref>Morris, 2004, p 77 and p 354</ref> According to a testimony collected from Battalion members obtained by Israeli historian Uri Milstein: "In February 1948, the 4th Battalion of Palmach, under the command of Josef Tabenkin, conquered Caesaria." <ref>The Palestinian Nabka: The Register of Depopulated Localities in Palestine by THe Palestinian Return Centre, Sept 2000 pg. 18</ref>
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*] (1875): '''', 2 pt. ("Seconde partie -Samarie")("Tome II") p. 321-339 *] (1875): '''', 2 pt. ("Seconde partie -Samarie")("Tome II") p. 321-339
*{{Citation|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first1=Sami|last1=Hadawi|authorlink=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}} *{{Citation|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first1=Sami|last1=Hadawi|authorlink=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}}
*{{Citation|title=All That Remains|first1=Walid|last1=Khalidi|authorlink=Walid Khalidi|year=1992|location=]|publisher=]|ISBN=0887282245}} p.&nbsp;182-184 *{{Citation|title=All That Remains|first1=Walid|last1=Khalidi|authorlink=Walid Khalidi|year=1992|location=]|publisher=]|ISBN=0-88728-224-5}} p.&nbsp;182-184
*{{Citation|title=Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500|url=http://www.archive.org/details/palestineundermo00lestuoft |first1=Guy|last1=le Strange|year=1890|publisher=Committee of the ]}} *{{Citation|title=Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500|url=http://www.archive.org/details/palestineundermo00lestuoft |first1=Guy|last1=le Strange|year=1890|publisher=Committee of the ]}}
*Mariti, Giovanni (1792): p. ff *Mariti, Giovanni (1792): p. ff
*] (2004), ''The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited, '' Cambridge University Press ISBN 0521009677 *] (2004), ''The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited, '' Cambridge University Press ISBN 0-521-00967-7
*] (1881): '''' ( ) *] (1881): '''' ( )
*Petersen, Andrew (2001), '''' p.&nbsp;129-130. *Petersen, Andrew (2001), '''' p.&nbsp;129-130.

Revision as of 23:57, 14 March 2012

It has been suggested that this article be merged into Caesarea. (Discuss) Proposed since March 2012.

Template:Infobox former Arab villages in Palestine

Qisarya in 1940

The village of Qisarya (Template:Lang-ar) was located 37 kilometers (23 mi) south of Haifa.

History

After the Muslim conquest, during the Mamluk area, the ruins of Caesarea Maritima by the Crusader fortress near Caesarea on the Mediterranean coast was uninhabited. First in 1664 a settlement is mentioned. It consisted of 100 "Moroccan" families, and 7-8 Jewish ones. In the 17th hundred it again declined. In 1884 a community was established by Bushnaks (Muslim immigrants from Bosnia) who built a small fishing village. The village decline in economic importance occurred when a railway was built bypassing the port, ruining their livelihood. Qisarya had a population of 930 Muslims and 30 Christians in 1945. In 1944/45 a total of 18 dunums of village land was used for citrus and bananas, 1,020 dunums were used for cereals, while 108 dunums were irrigated or used for orchards.

1947/1948, Massacre, and Aftermath

In December 1947 the local leader, Tawfiq Kadkuda, had made approaches to Jewish officials in an effort to establish non-belligerency agreements with local Jewish settlements. The 31 January 1948 Lehi attack on a bus leaving Qisarya, killing 2 and injuring 6 people, precipitated an evacuation of the population, who fled for fear of further attacks, mainly to al-Tantura. Also during February 1948 the 'Arab al Sufsafi and Saidun Bedouin, who inhabited the dunes between Qisarya and Pardes left the area. After that the remaining inhabitants were expelled and the village houses were demolished by the Palmach 4th battalion between 19–20 February and October 1948. According to a testimony collected from Battalion members obtained by Israeli historian Uri Milstein: "In February 1948, the 4th Battalion of Palmach, under the command of Josef Tabenkin, conquered Caesaria."

The Palestinian historian Walid Khalidi described the village remains in 1992: "Most of the houses have been demolished. The site has been excavated in recent years, largely by Italian, American, and Israeli teams, and turned into a tourist area. Most of the few remaining houses are now restaurants, and the village mosque has been converted into a bar"

Petersen, visiting the place in 1992, writes that the nineteenth-century houses were built in blocks, generally one storey high (with the exception of the house of the governor.) Some houses on the western side of the village, near the sea, have survived. There were a number of mosques in the village in the nineteenth century, but only one ("The Bosnian mosque") has survived. This mosque, located at the southern end of the city, next to the harbour, is described as a simple stone building with a red-tiled roof and a cylindrical minaret. It was used (in 1992) as a restaurant and as a gift shop.

A Great Mosque was seen there in 439H (1047) by Nasir-i-Khusraw. This was converted into the church of St. Peter in Crusader times. A wall, which could belong to this building, has been identified in modern times.

See also

Footnotes

  1. Roger, 1664; cited in Ringel 1975, 174; cited in Petersen, 2001, p.129
  2. Petersen, 2001, p129
  3. Laurence Oliphant, or, Life in Palestine (Edinburgh, Blackwood, 1887), p182.
  4. "Caesarea". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 2007-10-22.
  5. Government of Palestine, Village Statistics, 1945.
  6. Khalidi, 1992, p. 183
  7. Hadawi, 1970, p.91
  8. Morris, 2004, p 92
  9. Morris, 2004, p 130
  10. Morris, 2004, p 129
  11. Morris, 2004, p 77 and p 354
  12. The Palestinian Nabka: The Register of Depopulated Localities in Palestine by THe Palestinian Return Centre, Sept 2000 pg. 18
  13. Khalidi, 1992, p.184
  14. ^ Petersen, 2001, p.129-130
  15. Pringle, 1993, p. 170 -171

Bibliography

External links

Palestinian Arab towns and villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestinian exodus by subdistrict
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