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Nitrosyl chloride: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 09:21, 10 August 2011 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,056 edits Script assisted update of identifiers for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: 'StdInChI', 'StdInChIKey').← Previous edit Revision as of 09:32, 10 August 2011 edit undoCheMoBot (talk | contribs)Bots141,565 edits Updating {{chembox}} (no changed fields - added verified revid - updated 'DrugBank_Ref', 'UNII_Ref', 'ChEMBL_Ref', 'ChEBI_Ref', 'KEGG_Ref', 'StdInChI_Ref', 'StdInChIKey_Ref', 'ChEBI_Ref') per [[Misplaced Pages:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation|Chem/Next edit →
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{{Chembox {{Chembox
| verifiedrevid = 415297588 | verifiedrevid = 444026971
| ImageFileL1 = Nitrosyl-chloride-2D-dimensions.png | ImageFileL1 = Nitrosyl-chloride-2D-dimensions.png
| ImageNameL1 = Wireframe model of nitrosyl chloride | ImageNameL1 = Wireframe model of nitrosyl chloride
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| RTECS = QZ7883000 | RTECS = QZ7883000
| MeSHName = Nitrosyl+chloride | MeSHName = Nitrosyl+chloride
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/ClNO/c1-2-3 | StdInChI = 1S/ClNO/c1-2-3
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = VPCDQGACGWYTMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N | StdInChIKey = VPCDQGACGWYTMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| SMILES = ClN=O | SMILES = ClN=O

Revision as of 09:32, 10 August 2011

Nitrosyl chloride
Wireframe model of nitrosyl chloride
Wireframe model of nitrosyl chloride
Spacefill model of nitrosyl chloride
Spacefill model of nitrosyl chloride
Names
Preferred IUPAC name Nitrosyl chloride
Systematic IUPAC name Nitrooyl chloride
Other names Nitrogen oxychloride
Nitrosonium chloride
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.018.430 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 220-273-1
E number E919 (glazing agents, ...)
MeSH Nitrosyl+chloride
PubChem CID
RTECS number
  • QZ7883000
UN number 1069
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
InChI
  • InChI=1S/ClNO/c1-2-3Key: VPCDQGACGWYTMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1S/ClNO/c1-2-3Key: VPCDQGACGWYTMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1/ClNO/c1-2-3Key: VPCDQGACGWYTMC-UHFFFAOYAB
SMILES
  • ClN=O
Properties
Chemical formula ClNO
Molar mass 65.46 g/mol
Appearance yellow gas, red liquid
Density 1.273 g/cm (liquid, -12 °C)
2.872 g/L (gas)
Melting point -59.4 °C
Boiling point -5.55 °C
Solubility in water decomposes
Solubility in chlorocarbons soluble
Structure
Molecular shape sp at N
Dipole moment 1.90 D
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards Highly toxic
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g. calciumSpecial hazard W: Reacts with water in an unusual or dangerous manner. E.g. sodium, sulfuric acid
3 0 1W
Related compounds
Other anions Nitrosyl fluoride
Nitrosyl bromide
Other cations Thionyl chloride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). checkY verify (what is  ?) Infobox references
Chemical compound

Nitrosyl chloride is the chemical compound NOCl. It is a yellow gas that is most commonly encountered as a decomposition product of aqua regia, a mixture of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid. The related nitrosyl halides nitrosyl fluoride, NOF, and nitrosyl bromide, NOBr, are also known.

Structure and synthesis

A double bond exists between N and O (distance = 1.16 Å) and a single bond between N and Cl (distance = 1.69 Å). The O-N-Cl angle is 113°.

NOCl can be prepared by the direct combination of chlorine and nitric oxide. Alternatively, nitrosylsulfuric acid and HCl also affords the compound:

HCl + NOHSO4 → NOCl + H2SO4

It also arises from the combination of hydrochloric and nitric acids according to the following reaction:

HNO3 + 3 HCl → Cl2 + 2 H2O + NOCl

Although this mixture was used for dissolving gold for a long time the first description of the gas was done by Edmund Davy in 1831.

Reactions

  • NOCl reacts with halide acceptors to give the nitrosyl cation, . This species is available as NOBF4.
  • NOCl reacts with water to release HCl.
  • Heating NOCl above 100°C gives back Cl2 and NO.
  • In organic synthesis, NOCl is often employed. It adds to alkenes to afford α-chloro oximes.
  • NOCl photolyses to NO and a Cl radical.

Safety

NOCl is very toxic and irritating to the lungs, eyes and skin.

References

  1. Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
  2. L. J. Beckham, W. A. Fessler, M. A. Kise (1951). "Nitrosyl Chloride". Chemical Reviews. 48 (3): 319–396. doi:10.1021/cr60151a001.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. Edmund Davy (1830 - 1837). "Abstracts of the Papers Printed in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 3". JSTOR: 27–29. JSTOR 110250. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |year= (help); Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Unknown parameter |titel= ignored (|title= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: year (link)
  4. Ohno, M,; Naruse, N.; Terasawa, I. (1973). "7-cyanoheptanal". Organic Syntheses{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link); Collected Volumes, vol. 5, p. 266.
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