McDonnell XF-88 Voodoo: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively ← Previous edit Next edit →Content deleted Content addedVisual WikitextInline

Revision as of 21:02, 15 April 2011 editBurtAlert (talk \| contribs)3,394 edits →Design and development: XF-88 team after Flight 100.jpg← Previous edit		Revision as of 20:56, 7 May 2011 edit undoKen keisel (talk \| contribs)2,987 edits added citationsNext edit →
Line 23:		Line 23:
	\|}		\|}

	The '''] XF-88 Voodoo''' was a long-range, twin-engine ] ] designed for the ]. Although it never entered service, its design was adapted for the subsequent ].		The '''] XF-88 Voodoo''' was a long-range, twin-engine ] ] designed for the ].{{Citation needed\|date=May 2011}}
			Although it never entered service, its design was adapted for the subsequent ].{{Citation needed\|date=May 2011}}


	==Design and development==		==Design and development==
	The XF-88 originated from a ] ] requirement for a long-range 'penetration fighter' to escort ]s to their targets. It was to be essentially a jet-powered replacement for the wartime ] that had escorted ] bombers over ]. It was to have a combat radius of 900 mi (1,450 km) and high performance. McDonnell began work on the aircraft, dubbed '''Model 36''', on 1 April 1946. On 20 June the company was given a contract for two prototypes designated '''XP-88'''. ] was Chief of Aerodynamics on this project.		The XF-88 originated from a ] ] requirement for a long-range 'penetration fighter' to escort ]s to their targets.{{Citation needed\|date=May 2011}} It was to be essentially a jet-powered replacement for the wartime ] that had escorted ] bombers over ].{{Citation needed\|date=May 2011}} It was to have a combat radius of 900 mi (1,450 km) and high performance.{{Citation needed\|date=May 2011}} McDonnell began work on the aircraft, dubbed '''Model 36''', on 1 April 1946.{{Citation needed\|date=May 2011}} On 20 June the company was given a contract for two prototypes designated '''XP-88'''.{{Citation needed\|date=May 2011}} ] was Chief of Aerodynamics on this project.{{Citation needed\|date=May 2011}}

	]		]
Line 32:		Line 34:
	]		]

	The initial design was intended to have a ], but ] tests indicated aerodynamic problems that led to an extensive redesign. The USAAF (which became the ] on 17 September 1947) approved the changes. When the USAF altered its designation scheme in 1948, the still unflown prototypes were redesignated '''XF-88'''. It was dubbed '''Voodoo'''.		The initial design was intended to have a ], but ] tests indicated aerodynamic problems that led to an extensive redesign.{{Citation needed\|date=May 2011}} The USAAF (which became the ] on 17 September 1947) approved the changes.{{Citation needed\|date=May 2011}} When the USAF altered its designation scheme in 1948, the still unflown prototypes were redesignated '''XF-88'''.{{Citation needed\|date=May 2011}} It was dubbed '''Voodoo'''.{{Citation needed\|date=May 2011}}

		⚫	The Voodoo had a low/mid-mounted wing, ] to 35°.{{Citation needed\|date=May 2011}} The two engines were in the lower fuselage, with jetpipes beneath the rear fuselage.{{Citation needed\|date=May 2011}} The prototypes carried XJ34 engines, although the production '''F-88A''' would have had two ] turbojets with 5,920 lbf (26.33 kN) each.{{Citation needed\|date=May 2011}} Intakes were mounted in the wing roots.{{Citation needed\|date=May 2011}} The Voodoo's short nose had no radar, being intended to house an armament of six 20 mm (.79 in) ].{{Citation needed\|date=May 2011}}

		⚫	The first XF-88 made its maiden flight on 20 October 1948.<ref name="Knaackp317"> Knaack 1978, p.317.</ref> It had non-afterburning engines and no armament.{{Citation needed\|date=May 2011}} It proved to be underpowered, leading to the decision to install afterburners on the second prototype, which was designated '''XF-88A''' and made its first flight on 26 April 1949 (The first prototype was modified to the same standard).{{Citation needed\|date=May 2011}}
⚫	The Voodoo had a low/mid-mounted wing, ] to 35°. The two engines were in the lower fuselage, with jetpipes beneath the rear fuselage. The prototypes carried XJ34 engines, although the production '''F-88A''' would have had two ] turbojets with 5,920 lbf (26.33 kN) each. Intakes were mounted in the wing roots. The Voodoo's short nose had no radar, being intended to house an armament of six 20 mm (.79 in) ].

⚫	The first XF-88 made its maiden flight on 20 October 1948.<ref name="Knaackp317"> Knaack 1978, p.317.</ref> It had non-afterburning engines and no armament. It proved to be underpowered, leading to the decision to install afterburners on the second prototype, which was designated '''XF-88A''' and made its first flight on 26 April 1949. (The first prototype was modified to the same standard.)

	In a subsequent paper competition against the ] and ], the Voodoo lost to the XF-93, but the decision on production was later delayed until a 'fly-off' competition could be held. In that fly-off, held in the summer of ], the XF-88 proved the winner, but changes in Air Force requirements led the penetration fighter to be cancelled entirely.		In a subsequent paper competition against the ] and ], the Voodoo lost to the XF-93, but the decision on production was later delayed until a 'fly-off' competition could be held.{{Citation needed\|date=May 2011}} In that fly-off, held in the summer of ], the XF-88 proved the winner, but changes in Air Force requirements led the penetration fighter to be cancelled entirely.{{Citation needed\|date=May 2011}}

	McDonnell proposed a naval version of the XF-88, a two-seat operational trainer, and a ] variant, but none were built. The first prototype was modified to '''XF-88B''' standard, with a nose-mounted ] ] engine added to the two existing turbojets. This was used for flight testing through ], and achieved speeds slightly exceeding ],<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-445/ch4-8.htm\|title=NASA History pages\|accessdate=2007-09-04}}</ref> the first propeller-equipped aircraft to do so. Both prototypes were scrapped by ].		McDonnell proposed a naval version of the XF-88, a two-seat operational trainer, and a ] variant, but none were built.{{Citation needed\|date=May 2011}} The first prototype was modified to '''XF-88B''' standard, with a nose-mounted ] ] engine added to the two existing turbojets.{{Citation needed\|date=May 2011}} This was used for flight testing through ], and achieved speeds slightly exceeding ],<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-445/ch4-8.htm\|title=NASA History pages\|accessdate=2007-09-04}}</ref> the first propeller-equipped aircraft to do so. Both prototypes were scrapped by ].{{Citation needed\|date=May 2011}}

	A considerably enlarged version of the basic design was developed following the cancellation of the XF-88, becoming the ], the first production version of which flew on 29 September 1954. The basic layout of two engines under the tail would also appear in the redesign of an upgraded F3H Demon which would see service as the very successful ].		A considerably enlarged version of the basic design was developed following the cancellation of the XF-88, becoming the ], the first production version of which flew on 29 September 1954.{{Citation needed\|date=May 2011}} The basic layout of two engines under the tail would also appear in the redesign of an upgraded F3H Demon which would see service as the very successful ].{{Citation needed\|date=May 2011}}

	==Operators==		==Operators==

Revision as of 20:56, 7 May 2011

XF-88 Voodoo

Role	Escort fighterType of aircraft
Manufacturer	McDonnell
First flight	20 October 1948
Status	Cancelled
Primary user	United States Air Force
Number built	2
Developed into	F-101 Voodoo

The McDonnell XF-88 Voodoo was a long-range, twin-engine jet fighter aircraft designed for the United States Air Force.

Although it never entered service, its design was adapted for the subsequent F-101 Voodoo.

Design and development

The XF-88 originated from a 1946 United States Army Air Forces requirement for a long-range 'penetration fighter' to escort bombers to their targets. It was to be essentially a jet-powered replacement for the wartime P-51 Mustang that had escorted B-17 Flying Fortress bombers over Germany. It was to have a combat radius of 900 mi (1,450 km) and high performance. McDonnell began work on the aircraft, dubbed Model 36, on 1 April 1946. On 20 June the company was given a contract for two prototypes designated XP-88. Dave Lewis was Chief of Aerodynamics on this project.

File:Xf-88B.jpg

Supersonic jet-turboprop hybrid XF-88B

The initial design was intended to have a V-shaped tail, but wind tunnel tests indicated aerodynamic problems that led to an extensive redesign. The USAAF (which became the United States Air Force on 17 September 1947) approved the changes. When the USAF altered its designation scheme in 1948, the still unflown prototypes were redesignated XF-88. It was dubbed Voodoo.

The Voodoo had a low/mid-mounted wing, swept to 35°. The two engines were in the lower fuselage, with jetpipes beneath the rear fuselage. The prototypes carried XJ34 engines, although the production F-88A would have had two Westinghouse J46 turbojets with 5,920 lbf (26.33 kN) each. Intakes were mounted in the wing roots. The Voodoo's short nose had no radar, being intended to house an armament of six 20 mm (.79 in) M39 cannon.

The first XF-88 made its maiden flight on 20 October 1948. It had non-afterburning engines and no armament. It proved to be underpowered, leading to the decision to install afterburners on the second prototype, which was designated XF-88A and made its first flight on 26 April 1949 (The first prototype was modified to the same standard).

In a subsequent paper competition against the Lockheed XF-90 and North American YF-93, the Voodoo lost to the XF-93, but the decision on production was later delayed until a 'fly-off' competition could be held. In that fly-off, held in the summer of 1950, the XF-88 proved the winner, but changes in Air Force requirements led the penetration fighter to be cancelled entirely.

McDonnell proposed a naval version of the XF-88, a two-seat operational trainer, and a reconnaissance variant, but none were built. The first prototype was modified to XF-88B standard, with a nose-mounted Allison T38 turboprop engine added to the two existing turbojets. This was used for flight testing through 1956, and achieved speeds slightly exceeding Mach 1.0, the first propeller-equipped aircraft to do so. Both prototypes were scrapped by 1958.

A considerably enlarged version of the basic design was developed following the cancellation of the XF-88, becoming the F-101 Voodoo, the first production version of which flew on 29 September 1954. The basic layout of two engines under the tail would also appear in the redesign of an upgraded F3H Demon which would see service as the very successful F-4 Phantom II.

Operators

United States

United States Air Force

Variants

XF-88A
XF-88B

Specifications (XF-88A)

General characteristics

Crew: one

Performance

Thrust/weight: 0.44

Armament

6 × 20 mm (.79 in) M39 cannon

References

Notes

Knaack 1978, p.317.
"NASA History pages". Retrieved 2007-09-04.

Bibliography

Dorr, Robert F. and Donald, David. Fighters of the United States Air Force. London: Temple, 1990. ISBN 0 600 55094 X,
Knaack, Marcelle Size. Encyclopedia of US Air Force Aircraft and Missile Systems: Volume 1 Post-World War II Fighters, 1945-1973.. Washington: Office of Air Force History, 1978. ISBN 0-912799-19-6.

External links

McDonnell and McDonnell Douglas aircraft and spacecraft

Civil

Airliners

High Speed Civil Transport

Business jets

Model 119/220

Fighters

USAAF / US Air Force	XP-67 XF-85 Goblin XF-88 Voodoo F-101 Voodoo F-110 Spectre F-4 Phantom II F-15 Eagle F-15E Strike Eagle F-15EX Eagle II Northrop YF-23
US Navy / USMC	FH Phantom F2H Banshee F3H Demon F-4 Phantom II F/A-18 Hornet F/A-18E/F Super Hornet
Export	CF-101 Voodoo F-4E Phantom (RAAF) F-4K Phantom · F-4M Phantom · F-4J(UK) Phantom CF-18 / CF-188 Hornet F/A-18A/B Hornet (RAAF)
Licensed	F-15J Eagle (Mitsubishi)

Attack

US Navy / USMC	A-4 Skyhawk AV-8B Harrier II A-12 Avenger II
Export	A-4G Skyhawk

Trainers

US Navy	T-45 Goshawk

Transports

US Air Force	Model 119 C-9 Nightingale KC-10 Extender YC-15 C-17 Globemaster III
US Navy	C-9 Skytrain II
Licensed	Model 188

Helicopters

US Army / US Air Force	XH-20 Little Henry AH-64 Apache
US Navy	XHJH Whirlaway XHCH XHRH
Other	Model 120 Flying Crane MD500 Defender

Drones (UAVs)

US Air Force	ADM-20 Quail
US Navy	KDH Katydid KUD
Other	Aquiline

Experimental

US Army / US Air Force	XV-1 X-36 F-15 STOL/MTD Bird of Prey DC-X

Spacecraft

NASA	Mercury Gemini Gemini B Big Gemini Skylab
US Air Force	Blue Gemini

Model numbers

USAAS/USAAC/USAAF/USAF fighter designations 1924–1962, and Tri-Service post-1962 systems

1924 sequences
(1924–1962)

Pursuit (1924–1948)	P-1 P-2 P-3 P-4 Curtiss P-4 Boeing P-4 P-5 P-6 P-7 P-8 P-9 P-10 P-11 P-12 P-13 P-14 P-15 P-16 P-17 P-18 P-19 P-20 P-21 P-22 P-23 P-24 P-25 P-26 P-27 P-28 P-29 P-30 P-31 P-32 P-33 P-34 P-35 P-36 P-37 P-38 P-39 P-39E P-40 P-41 P-42 P-43 P-44 P-45 P-46 P-47 P-48 P-49 P-50 P-51 P-52 P-53 P-54 P-55 P-56 P-57 P-58 P-59 XP-59 P-59 P-60 P-61 P-62 P-63 P-64 P-65 P-66 P-67 P-68 P-69 P-70 P-71 P-72 P-73 P-74 P-75 P-76 P-77 P-78 P-79 P-80 P-81 P-82 P-83 P-84 P-85 P-86 P-87 P-88 P-89 P-90 P-91 P-92
Fighter (1948–1962)	F-38 F-39 F-40 F-47 F-51 F-59 F-61 RF-61C F-63 F-80 F-81 F-82 F-83 F-84 F-84F/J F-84H F-85 F-86 F-86C F-86D/G/K/L F-87 F-88 F-89 F-90 F-91 F-92 F-93 F-94 F-95 F-96 F-97 F-98 F-99 F-100 F-100B F-101 F-102 F-102B F-103 F-104 XF-104 F-104S NF-104A F-105 F-106 XF-106 F-106 F-107 F-108 F-109 F-110 F-111 F-111B F-111C F-111K AFTI/F-111A EF-111A
Pursuit, biplace	PB-1 PB-2 PB-3
Fighter, multiplace	FM-1 FM-2
Non-sequential	F-24 P-322 P-400

Tri-service sequence
(1962–present)

Main sequence	F-1 F-1C/D F-1E/F F-2 F-3 F-4 F-4K/M F-5 G F-6 F-7 F-8 F-9 F-9F–J F-10 F-11 F-12 F-12C F-13 F-14 F-15 F-15E F-15EX F-15J F-15 STOL/MTD F-16 F-16XL NF-16D F-17 F/A-18 F/A-18E/F EA-18G F-19 F-20 F-21 F-22 YF-22 FB-22 F-23
Non-sequential	F-35 F-35I X-35 F-117

Covert designations

Related designations

FV-12

Not assigned • Unofficial • Assigned to multiple types
See also: "F-19" • 1919–1924 sequence

v t e Aviation lists
General	Aircraft manufacturers civil Aircraft engines manufacturers Flight test centres‎ Test pilot schools Airlines Defunct airlines Helicopter airlines Airports Aerobatic teams Civil Aviation Authorities Gliders Museums Registration prefixes Jet airliners Rotorcraft manufacturers Timeline
Military	Air forces Experimental Missiles UAVs Weapons
Accidents / incidents	Commercial airliners by location Fatalities by death toll General aviation Military By registration
Records	Airspeed Altitude Distance Endurance Firsts Large Most-produced aircraft Most-produced rotorcraft

Categories: