| Revision as of 07:08, 5 August 2010 editXqbot (talk | contribs)Bots, Template editors2,333,964 editsm robot Modifying: th:ฟาร์เทอร์พอเมอเรเนีย← Previous edit | Revision as of 10:13, 13 August 2010 edit undoSchwyz (talk | contribs)4,465 edits dab Pomerania Province this is about the one from 1653!!! AND from 1815!!!Next edit → | ||
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| ] ("Hinterpommern", yellow)]] | ] ("Hinterpommern", yellow)]] | ||
| '''Farther Pomerania''', '''Further Pomerania''', '''Transpomerania''' or ''']''' ({{lang-de|Hinterpommern, Ostpommern}}), which before the ] comprised the eastern part of the ], later ], roughly stretching from the ] in the West to ] in the East. Today, the bulk of former Farther Pomerania is within the ], while its easternmost parts are within the ]. The post-1945 ] successor of Farther Pomerania is termed ''Pomorze Zachodnie'' ("Western Pomerania"), in modern ] usage a synonym to the West Pomeranian Voivodship, while in Polish historical usage this term applied to all areas west of ] (including ], which in English usage is also referred to as Western Pomerania). | '''Farther Pomerania''', '''Further Pomerania''', '''Transpomerania''' or ''']''' ({{lang-de|Hinterpommern, Ostpommern}}), which before the ] comprised the eastern part of the ], later ], roughly stretching from the ] in the West to ] in the East. Today, the bulk of former Farther Pomerania is within the ], while its easternmost parts are within the ]. The post-1945 ] successor of Farther Pomerania is termed ''Pomorze Zachodnie'' ("Western Pomerania"), in modern ] usage a synonym to the West Pomeranian Voivodship, while in Polish historical usage this term applied to all areas west of ] (including ], which in English usage is also referred to as Western Pomerania). | ||
| Farther Pomerania emerged as a subdivision of the ] in ], then known as ''Pomerania-Stettin'' and already including the historical regions ], ], ], and the ]. After the ], Farther Pomerania became the ]n ]. After the reorganization of the ]n ] in 1815, Farther Pomerania was administered as ] ]. In 1938, ] was merged in. In 1945, Farther Pomerania ], ] after the ]. Before 1999, the ] (1945–1998) and its spin-offs ] (1950–1998) and ] (1975–1998) roughly resembled the area of former Farther Pomerania. The ] and ]s were merged in 1999 and now constitute the ], while ] was merged into the ]. | Farther Pomerania emerged as a subdivision of the ] in ], then known as ''Pomerania-Stettin'' and already including the historical regions ], ], ], and the ]. After the ], Farther Pomerania became the ]n ]. After the reorganization of the ]n ] in 1815, Farther Pomerania was administered as ] ]. In 1938, ] was merged in. In 1945, Farther Pomerania ], ] after the ]. Before 1999, the ] (1945–1998) and its spin-offs ] (1950–1998) and ] (1975–1998) roughly resembled the area of former Farther Pomerania. The ] and ]s were merged in 1999 and now constitute the ], while ] was merged into the ]. | ||
| ==Origin and use of the term== | ==Origin and use of the term== | ||
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| * 1648 ] and the ] agree on a partition of Pomerania in the ] | * 1648 ] and the ] agree on a partition of Pomerania in the ] | ||
| * 1653 ]: Farther Pomerania becomes ]'s ] | * 1653 ]: Farther Pomerania becomes ]'s ] | ||
| * 1815 Farther Pomerania administered as ] ] within the reorganized ]n ]<ref name="Buchholz, p.366">Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, p.366, ISBN 3-88680-272-8</ref> | * 1815 Farther Pomerania administered as ] ] within the reorganized ]n ]<ref name="Buchholz, p.366">Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, p.366, ISBN 3-88680-272-8</ref> | ||
| * 1938 ] merged in | * 1938 ] merged in | ||
| * 1945 ], Farther Pomerania ], since then remains as part of Poland | * 1945 ], Farther Pomerania ], since then remains as part of Poland | ||
Revision as of 10:13, 13 August 2010
Farther Pomerania, Further Pomerania, Transpomerania or Eastern Pomerania (Template:Lang-de), which before the German-Polish border shift of 1945 comprised the eastern part of the Duchy, later Province of Pomerania, roughly stretching from the Oder River in the West to Pomerelia in the East. Today, the bulk of former Farther Pomerania is within the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, while its easternmost parts are within the Pomeranian Voivodeship. The post-1945 Polish successor of Farther Pomerania is termed Pomorze Zachodnie ("Western Pomerania"), in modern Polish usage a synonym to the West Pomeranian Voivodship, while in Polish historical usage this term applied to all areas west of Pomerelia (including Vorpommern, which in English usage is also referred to as Western Pomerania).
Farther Pomerania emerged as a subdivision of the Duchy of Pomerania in the partition of 1532, then known as Pomerania-Stettin and already including the historical regions Principality of Cammin, County of Naugard, Lands of Schlawe and Stolp, and the Lauenburg and Bütow Land. After the Brandenburg-Swedish partition of Pomerania, Farther Pomerania became the Brandenburg-Prussian Province of Pomerania (1653-1815). After the reorganization of the Prussian Province of Pomerania in 1815, Farther Pomerania was administered as Regierungsbezirk Köslin. In 1938, Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia was merged in. In 1945, Farther Pomerania was placed first under Soviet, subsequently under Polish administration, resettled primarily with Poles after the former German population fled or was expelled. Before 1999, the Szczecin Voivodeship (1945–1998) and its spin-offs Koszalin Voivodeship (1950–1998) and Słupsk Voivodeship (1975–1998) roughly resembled the area of former Farther Pomerania. The Szczecin and Koszalin Voivodeships were merged in 1999 and now constitute the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, while Słupsk Voivodeship was merged into the Pomeranian Voivodeship.
Origin and use of the term
Further information: Western Pomerania (disambiguation) and Eastern PomeraniaFarther Pomerania is the rough English translation of German Hinterpommern, which is literally behind or rear Pomerania. Initially, the term meant areas east of ("behind") Pomerania-Wolgast and was gradually adopted for areas east of Stettin in the 1500s. When the 1648 Peace of Westphalia and the Treaty of Stettin (1653) divided the Duchy of Pomerania into its Western, Swedish and Eastern Brandenburgian parts, Farther Pomerania was used for the latter - in opposition to Swedish Hither Pomerania (Vorpommern) now including Stettin (Szczecin) and a strip of land east of the Oder River. As this Swedish-Prussian border shifted west several times afterwards, the Oder River was considered the western edge of Farther Pomerania. To the Southeast and East, Farther Pomerania has no distinct border to the Pomerelian region, as the administrative borders between the duchy and later province of Pomerania and its neighbors varied significant over time. In the post-1945 era, Farther Pomerania was affected by the Polish-German border shift. Before, it happened to be the Eastern part of German Pomerania (Pommern, consisting of Hither and Farther Pomerania), yet thereafter it became the Western part of Polish Pomerania (Pomorze, consisting of Farther Pomerania and Pomerelia). As Polish Pomorze has also been in use for Pomerelia, Farther Pomerania is termed Western Pomerania in Poland and roughly represented in today's West Pomeranian Voivodeship, including Szczecin (Stettin) and Wolin (Wollin). However, this term is not being adopted by the Germans, as the German part of Pomerania (Hither Pomerania) is considered to be Western Pomerania, so Farther Pomerania is still in use.
Towns
Main article: List of towns in Farther PomeraniaMajor towns of Farther Pomerania included:
- Bütow (now Bytów)
- Rügenwalde (now Darłowo)
- Kolberg (now Kołobrzeg)
- Köslin (now Koszalin)
- Lauenburg in Pommern (now Lębork)
- Stolp in Pommern (now Słupsk)
- Stargard in Pommern (now Stargard Szczeciński)
- Neustettin (now Szczecinek)
Historical languages and dialects
- primarily German, Ostpommersch variant of Low German
- in easternmost rural areas Kashubian
- Slovincian dialect in the rural areas of Leba (Łeba) and Lauenburg (Lębork), roughly Germanized by 1850.
History (Timeline)
Main article: History of Pomerania
- 1317 Lands of Schlawe and Stolp become part of the Duchy of Pomerania (before 1347 as a fief of the margraves of Brandenburg)
- 1455 Lauenburg and Bütow Land becomes part of the Duchy of Pomerania (before 1772 formally as a fief of the Polish Crown)
- 1532 Partition of the Duchy of Pomerania, Farther Pomerania becomes Pomerania-Stettin
- 1630 Swedish occupation following the Treaty of Stettin (1630)
- 1648 Brandenburg-Prussia and the Swedish Empire agree on a partition of Pomerania in the Peace of Westphalia
- 1653 Treaty of Stettin (1653): Farther Pomerania becomes Brandenburg-Prussia's Province of Pomerania
- 1815 Farther Pomerania administered as Regierungsbezirk Köslin within the reorganized Prussian Province of Pomerania
- 1938 Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia merged in
- 1945 Oder-Neisse line, Farther Pomerania placed first under Soviet, subsequently under Polish administration, since then remains as part of Poland
- 1945-1950 Szczecin Voivodeship replaces former Farther Pomerania, primarily Polish settlers replace the former German population
- 1950-1975 Szczecin Voivodeship, Koszalin Voivodeship
- 1975-1998 Szczecin Voivodeship, Koszalin Voivodeship, Słupsk Voivodeship
- after 1999 divided between Pomeranian Voivodeship and West Pomeranian Voivodeship
See also
References
- Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, p.105, ISBN 3-88680-272-8
- Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, p.186, ISBN 3-88680-272-8
- Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, pp.205-220, ISBN 3-88680-272-8
- Gerhard Krause, Horst Robert Balz, Gerhard Müller, Theologische Realenzyklopädie, Walter de Gruyter, 1997, p.40ff, ISBN 3-11-015435-8
- Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, p.233, ISBN 3-88680-272-8
- Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, p.366, ISBN 3-88680-272-8
| Geography of Pomerania | |||||
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 Upper Saxon Circle (1512–1806) of the Holy Roman Empire | ||
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| Circles est. 1500: Bavarian, Swabian, Upper Rhenish, Lower Rhenish–Westphalian, Franconian, (Lower) Saxon Circles est. 1512: Austrian, Burgundian, Upper Saxon, Electoral Rhenish · Unencircled territories See also: Ernestine duchies | ||
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| Became Province of Posen in 1848. From the Lower Rhine and Jülich-Cleves-Berg. | |
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