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''Pro.'' (Si-Pruhs)''N.'' The wife of '''Obama'''. Born in 2005 and raised in Austrailia by a group of Kangaroos. At the age of 19 she was shipped to an American zoo in New York where Obama found her and raised her as his pet. About three months later '''Obama''' found out she was a human and they got married. He later ran for president and won because '''Sarah Palin's''' daughter became prego (Pregnant) and a whale ate a jellyfish named '''Eugene''' nine months later.
{{About|the internationally recognized island state}}
{{Infobox Country
|native_name = Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία <small>(])</small><br />''Kypriakí Dimokratía''<br />''Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti'' <small>(])</small>
|conventional_long_name = Republic of Cyprus
|common_name = Cyprus
|image_flag = Flag of Cyprus.svg
|image_coat = Cyprus Coat of Arms.svg
|image_map = EU-Cyprus.svg
|map_caption = {{map_caption |location_color=green |region=] |region_color=grey |subregion=the ] |subregion_color=light green |legend=EU-Cyprus.svg}}
|national_motto =
|national_anthem = {{polytonic|Ὕμνος εἰς τὴν Ἐλευθερίαν}}<br />''Ýmnos eis tīn Eleutherían''<br />]<sup>1</sup>
|official_languages = ] and ]<ref>: "The official languages of the Republic are Greek and Turkish" (Appendix D, Part 01, Article 3)</ref>
|demonym = ]
|ethnic_groups = 77% ], 18% ], 5% other (2001 est.)<ref name="CIA">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cy.html|title=Cyprus|work=]|publisher=]|accessdate=9 February 2010}}</ref>
|capital = ] (Λευκωσία, Lefkoşa)
|latd=35 |latm=08 |latNS=N |longd=33 |longm=28 |longEW=E
|largest_city = capital
|government_type = ]
|leader_title1 = ]
|leader_name1 = ]
|accessionEUdate = 1 May 2004
|area_rank = 167<sup>th</sup>
|area_magnitude = 1_E9
|area_km2 = 9,251
|area_sq_mi = 3,572 <!--Do not remove per ]-->
|percent_water = negligible
|population_estimate = 801,851<ref>{{cite web|url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&language=en&pcode=tps00001&tableSelection=1&footnotes=yes&labeling=labels&plugin=1|title=Total population as of 1 January|publisher=Eurostat|accessdate=2010-01-14}}</ref>
|population_estimate_year = 1.1.2010
|population_estimate_rank =
|population_census =
|population_census_year =
|population_density_km2 = 117
|population_density_sq_mi = 221 <!--Do not remove per ]-->
|population_density_rank = 85<sup>th</sup>
|GDP_PPP = $22.721 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2006&ey=2009&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=423&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=68&pr.y=9 |title=Cyprus|publisher=International Monetary Fund|accessdate=2009-10-01}}</ref>
|GDP_PPP_rank = 107<sup>th</sup>
|GDP_PPP_year = 2008
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,853<ref name=imf2/>
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 29<sup>th</sup>
|GDP_nominal = $24.922 billion<ref name=imf2/>
|GDP_nominal_rank = 86<sup>th</sup>
|GDP_nominal_year = 2008
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $32,745<ref name=imf2/>
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 26<sup>th</sup>
|Gini = 29
|Gini_year = 2005
|Gini_rank = 19<sup>th</sup>
|Gini_category = <span style="color:#090;">low</span>
|HDI_year = 2007
|HDI = {{increase}} 0.914<ref>. The United Nations. Retrieved 12 October 2009.</ref>
|HDI_rank = 32<sup>nd</sup>
|HDI_category = <span style="color:#090;">very&nbsp;high</span>
|sovereignty_type = ]
|sovereignty_note = from the ]
|established_event1 = ]
|established_date1 = 19 February 1959
|established_event2 = Proclaimed
|established_date2 = 16 August 1960
|currency = ]<sup>2</sup>
|currency_code = EUR
|time_zone = ]
|utc_offset = +2
|time_zone_DST = ]
|utc_offset_DST = +3
|drives_on = Left
|cctld = ]<sup>3</sup>
|country_code = CY (ISO 3166)
|calling_code = ]
|footnote1 = Also the national anthem of ].
|footnote2 = Before 2008, the ].
|footnote3 = The ] domain is also used, shared with other ] member states.
}}

'''Cyprus''' ({{lang-el|Κύπρος}}, ], {{IPA-el|ˈcipros|IPA}}; {{lang-tr|Kıbrıs}}), officially the '''Republic of Cyprus''' ({{lang-el|Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία}}, ''Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía'', {{IPA-el|cipriaˈci ðimokraˈtia|IPA}}; {{lang-tr|Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti}}) is a ]n ] in the ],<ref>Fouskas, V. 2002. . ''Turkish Yearbook of International Relations'' (ISSN: 0544-1943): Vol. 33, pp. 183–207; on p. 186: "he requirement is to decipher the parameters and the linkages of the balance of power in the ]n region, and in its ]ern subregion, to which Cyprus belongs."</ref><ref>Cyprus is approximate to ] (which comprises the bulk of ]) but it may be considered to be in ] and/or ], which together constitute ]. The ] places Cyprus in ]; also places Cyprus in Asia. Conversely, numerous sources place Cyprus in Europe such as the ] and ; it is also a member of the ]. Additionally, sources may place Cyprus in the ], e.g., the ] ].</ref> south of ] and west of ] and ]. It is the ] in the ] and one of its most popular tourist destinations.<ref>Invest in Cyprus website – figures do not include tourism to the occupied North </ref> An ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/02/weodata/groups.htm#ae|title=World Economic Outlook Database October 2009—WEO Groups and Aggregates Information|publisher=]|accessdate=20 January 2010}}</ref> ] with a very high ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/DATASTATISTICS/0,,contentMDK:20421402~pagePK:64133150~piPK:64133175~theSitePK:239419,00.html#High_income|title=Data – Country Groups – High-income economies|publisher=]|accessdate=20 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/|title=Human Development Report 2009 – HDI rankings|publisher=]|accessdate=20 January 2010}}</ref> the Republic of Cyprus was a founding member of the ] until it joined the ] on 1 May 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nam.gov.za/background/background.htm#4|title=The Non-Aligned Movement: Background Information|date=21 September 2001|publisher=]|accessdate=19 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://europa.eu/abc/history/2000_today/index_en.htm|title=2000 – today: A decade of further expansion|work=]|publisher=]|accessdate=19 January 2010}}</ref>

The ] on the island dates back to around the ]. Archaeological remains from this period include the well-preserved ] village of ], which has been declared a ] by ], along with the ]. Cyprus is home to some of the oldest water wells in the world,<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/8118318.stm |title=Stone Age wells found in Cyprus |publisher=BBC News |date=2009-06-25 |accessdate=2009-07-31}}</ref> and is the site of the earliest known example of ] ].<ref name="nytimes2007">Wade, Nicholas, "", '']'', June 29, 2007</ref><ref name="walton2004">{{cite news |first=Marsha|last=Walton |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Ancient burial looks like human and pet cat |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2004/TECH/science/04/08/cats.cyprus/index.html |work= |publisher=CNN|date= April 9, 2004|accessdate=2007-11-23 }}</ref> At a strategic location in the ],<ref>, '']'' ; ''CIA Atlas of the Middle East'' (1993) ()</ref><ref name=NG>, ''Xpeditions Altas'', '']''</ref><ref>, '']''</ref><ref>, '']''</ref> Cyprus has been occupied by several ], including the empires of the ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ]. It was placed under ] in 1878 until it was granted independence in 1960,<ref name=independence> (click on Historical review)</ref> becoming a member of the ] the following year.

In 1974, following ]<ref name=IntercommunalViolence>{{cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/cyprus/13.htm |title=U.S. Library of Congress – Country Studies – Cyprus – Intercommunal Violence |publisher=Countrystudies.us |date=1963-12-21 |accessdate=2009-10-25}}</ref> and an attempted '']'' by ],<ref name=Mallinson>{{cite book | last = Mallinson | first = William | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Cyprus: A Modern History | publisher = I. B. Tauris | date = June 30, 2005 | location = | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=HEjkuhF2GsMC&pg=PA81&dq= | doi = | id = | isbn = 978-1850435808| page = 81 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2297653.stm |title=website |publisher=BBC News |date=2002-10-04 |accessdate=2009-10-25}}</ref> Turkey ] the northern portion of the island. The intercommunal violence and subsequent Turkish invasion led to the ] of hundreds of thousands of Cypriots and the establishment of a separate ] political entity in the north. These events and the resulting political situation are matters of ].<!-- As per NPov - see chat page -->

The Republic of Cyprus has '']'' ] over the entire island of Cyprus and its surrounding waters except small portions that are allocated by treaty to the ] as sovereign ]s. The Republic of Cyprus is '']'' partitioned into two main parts, the area under the effective control of the Republic of Cyprus, comprising about 59% of the island's area and the Turkish-occupied area in the north,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/documents/sc/res/1984/scres84.htm |title=According to the United Nations Security Council Resolutions 550 and 541 |publisher=Un.org |date= |accessdate=2009-03-27}}</ref> ] the ], covering about 37% of the island's area and ] only by Turkey.

==Toponymy==
The name ''Cyprus'' has a somewhat uncertain ]. One suggestion is that it comes from the Greek word for the ] ('']''), ''κυπάρισσος'' (''kypárissos''), or even from the Greek name of the ] ('']''), ''κύπρος'' (''kýpros''). Another school suggests that it stems from the ] word for ]. Georges Dossin, for example, suggests that it has roots in the ] word for ] (''zubar'') or for ] (''kubar''), from the large deposits of copper ore found on the island.

Through overseas trade the island has given its name to the ] word for copper through the phrase ''aes Cyprium'', "metal of Cyprus", later shortened to ''Cuprum''.<ref>Fisher, Fred H. ''Cyprus: Our New Colony And What We Know About It''. London: George Routledge and Sons 1878, pp. 13–14.</ref> Cyprus is also known as the ''Island of ]'', or ''Love''<ref>Les îles des Princes, banlieue maritime d'Istanboul: guide touristique – Page 136 by Ernest Mamboury</ref> since according to ], ], goddess of love and beauty, who was later identified with the ] Aphrodite, was born on the shores of ].

The standard ] relating to Cyprus or its people or culture is '']''. The terms ''Cypriote'' and '']'' are also, less frequently, used.

==History==
{{Main|History of Cyprus}}

===Ancient times===
{{Main|Ancient history of Cyprus}}
]n Ilatis'' outside the city of ]]]
] Theatre outside the city of ]]]

The earliest confirmed site of human activity on Cyprus is ], situated on the south coast, indicating that ]s were active on the island from around ],<ref>Mithen, S. ''After the Ice: A Global Human History, 20000 BC – 5000 BC.'' Boston: Harvard University Press 2005, p.97. </ref> with settled ] dating from 8200 BC. The arrival of the first humans correlates with the extinction of the ] and ]s.<ref name="ASOR on Cyprus">The earliest prehistory of Cyprus from colonization to exploitation,
ed. Swiny, Stuart, ], 2001, </ref> Water wells discovered by archaeologists in western Cyprus are believed to be among the oldest in the world, dated at 9,000 to 10,500 years old.<ref name="autogenerated2"/>

Remains of an 8-month-old ] were discovered buried with its human owner at a separate ] site in Cyprus.<ref name="nytimes2007"/> The grave is estimated to be 9,500 years old, predating ] civilization and pushing back the ] significantly.<ref name="walton2004"/> The remarkably well-preserved Neolithic village of ] is a ] dating to approximately 6800 BC.<ref>Simmons, A.H. ''Faunal extinction in an island society: pygmy hippopotamus hunters of Cyprus''. New York: Springer 1999, p.15. </ref>

The island was part of the Hittite empire during the late Bronze Age until the arrival of two waves of Greek settlement.<ref name="TTW1">Thomas, Carol G. & Conant, C.: ''The Trojan War'', pages 121–122. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005. ISBN 031332526X, 9780313325267.</ref> The first wave consisted of ] traders, which started visiting Cyprus around ]. A major wave of Greek settlement is believed to have taken place following the ] of ] in the period 1100–1050 BC, with the island's predominantly Greek character dating from this period.<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov">{{cite web|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field%28DOCID+cy0013%29 |title=Library of Congress Country Studies. '&#39;Cyprus'&#39; |publisher=Lcweb2.loc.gov |date= |accessdate=2009-11-01}}</ref><ref>Thomas, C.G., Conant, D. ''The Trojan War.'' Santa Barbara, CA, USA: Greenwood Publishing Group 2005. p.64. </ref> Cyprus occupies an important role in ] being the birthplace of ] and ], and home to ], ] and ].<ref>Encyclopedia of Freemasonry Part 1 and Its Kindred Sciences Comprising the Whole Range of Arts … – Page 25</ref> Beginning in the ] ] were founded on the south coast of Cyprus, near present day Larnaca and Salamis.<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov"/>

Cyprus was ruled by ] for a century starting in ], before a brief spell under Egyptian rule and eventually Persian rule in ].<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov"/> The Cypriots, led by ], king of ], joined their fellow Greeks in the ]n cities during the unsuccessful ] in ] against the ]. The revolt was suppressed without bloodshed, although Cyprus managed to maintain a high degree of autonomy and remained oriented towards the Greek world.<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov"/> The island was brought under permanent Greek rule by ] and the ] of Egypt following his death. Full ] took place during the ] period, which ended when Cyprus was annexed by the ] in ].

===Middle Ages===
{{Main|Cyprus in the Middle Ages}}
], Queen of Cyprus.]]

When the ] was divided into Eastern and Western parts in 395, Cyprus became part of the East Roman, or ], and would remain part of it until the crusades some 800 years later. Under Byzantine rule, the Greek orientation that had been prominent since antiquity developed the strong Hellenistic-Christian character that continues to be a hallmark of the Greek Cypriot community.<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov"/> Beginning in 649, Cyprus suffered from devastating raids launched from the ], which continued from the next 300 years.<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov"/> Many were quick piratical raids, but others were large-scale attacks in which many Cypriots were slaughtered and great wealth carried off or destroyed.<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov"/>

No Byzantine churches survive from this period, thousands were killed, and many cities, such as Salamis, were destroyed and never rebuilt.<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov"/> Byzantine rule was restored in 965, when General ] (later Emperor) scored decisive victories on land and sea.<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov"/> In 1191, during the ], ] captured the island from ]<ref>Riddle, J.M. ''A History of the Middle Ages.'' Lanham, MD, USA: Rowman & Littlefield 2008. p. 326. </ref> He used it as a major supply base that was relatively safe from the ]. A year later Richard sold the island to the ], who, following a bloody revolt, in turn sold it to ]. His brother and successor ] was recognized as ] by ].<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov"/>

Following the death in 1473 of James II, the last Lusignan king, the ] assumed control of the island, while his Venetian widow, Queen ] reigned as figurehead. Venice formally annexed Cyprus in 1489, following the abdication of Caterina.<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov"/> Using it as an important commercial hub, the Venetians fortified ], the current capital city in Cyprus, with its famous Venetian Walls. Throughout Venetian rule, the ] frequently raided Cyprus. In 1539 the ] destroyed ] and so fearing the worst, the Venetians also fortified ] and ].<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov"/>

During the almost four centuries of Latin rule, there existed two societies on Cyprus. The first consisted of Frankish nobles and their retinue, as well as Italian merchants and their families. The second, the majority of the population, consisted of Greek Cypriots serfs and laborers. Although a determined effort was made to supplant native traditions and culture, the effort failed.<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov"/>

===Ottoman Empire===
{{Main|Cyprus under the Ottoman Empire}}
]]]

In 1570, a full scale Ottoman assault with 60,000 troops brought the island under ], despite stiff resistance by the inhabitants of ] and ]. 20,000 Nicosians were ], and every church, public building, and palace was looted.<ref name="Cyprus - OTTOMAN RULE">, ''U.S. Library of Congress''</ref> The previous Latin elite was destroyed and the first significant demographic change since antiquity took place when Ottoman ] were settled on the island.<ref name=Mallinson>{{cite book | last = Mallinson | first = William | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Cyprus: A Modern History | publisher = I. B. Tauris | date = June 30, 2005 | location = | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=HEjkuhF2GsMC&pg=PA81&dq= | doi = | id = | isbn = 978-1850435808| page = 1 }}</ref>

The Ottomans abolished the ] system previously in place and applied the ] to Cyprus, under which non-] peoples were governed by their own religious authorities. In a reversal from the days of Latin rule, the head of the ] was invested as leader of the Greek Cypriot population and acted a mediator between Christian Greek Cypriots and the Ottoman authorities.<ref name="Cyprus - OTTOMAN RULE"/> Ottoman rule of Cyprus was at times indifferent, at times oppressive, depending on the temperaments of the sultans and local officials, and during this period the island fell into economic decline.<ref name="Cyprus - OTTOMAN RULE"/>

Reaction to Ottoman misrule led to uprisings by both Greek and Turkish Cypriots, although none were successful. By 1872, the population of the island had risen to 144,000 comprising 44,000 Muslims and 100,000 Christians.<ref>''Osmanli Nufusu 1830–1914'' by ], ISBN 975-333-169-X and ''Die Völker des Osmanischen'' by Ritter zur Helle von Samo.</ref> Centuries of neglect by the Turks, the unrelenting poverty of most of the people, and the ever-present tax collectors fueled Greek nationalism, and by 19th century the idea of '']'', or union, with newly independent ] was firmly rooted among Greek Cypriots.<ref name="Cyprus - OTTOMAN RULE"/>

===Modern History===
{{Main|Modern history of Cyprus}}

In the aftermath of the ], administration, but not sovereignty, of the island ] to the ] in 1878 in exchange for guarantees that Britain would use the island as a base to protect the Ottoman Empire against possible Russian aggression.<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov"/> The island would serve Britain as a key military base in its colonial routes. By 1906, when the Famagusta harbour was completed, Cyprus was a strategic naval outpost overlooking the ], the crucial main route to India which was then Britain's most important colony. Following the outbreak of ] and the entry of the Ottoman Empire on the side of the ], the ] annexed the island in 1914.<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov"/>

In 1915, Britain offered Cyprus to ] on condition that Greece join the war on the side of the British, which he declined. In 1923, under the ], the nascent ] relinquished any claim to Cyprus and in 1925 it was declared a British ].<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov"/> Many Greek Cypriots fought in the ] during both World Wars, in the hope that Cyprus would eventually be united with ].<ref>{{cite book |author= Ertl, Alan W. |title= Toward an Understanding of Europe: A Political Economic Précis of Continental Integration |publisher= Universal-Publishers|year= 2008 |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=X9PGRaZt-zcC&dq= | page = 418 |isbn= 9781599429830}}</ref> During ] many enlisted in the ].

In January 1959, the Church of Cyprus organized a referendum, which was boycotted by the Turkish Cypriot community, where over 90% voted in favor of "]", meaning union with Greece.<ref>{{cite book |author= Kourvetaris, George A. |title= Studies on modern Greek society and politics |publisher= East European Monographs|year= 1999 |url= http://books.google.com/books?lr=&hl=el&id=bE5oAAAAMAAJ&dq=cypriots%2B1950%2Benosis%2B90&q=90%25#search_anchor | page = 347 |isbn= 9780880334327}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author= Hoffmeister, Frank |title= Legal aspects of the Cyprus problem: Annan Plan and EU accession |publisher= EMartinus Nijhoff Publishers|year= 2006 |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=LZXbg3ZwvGoC&dq= | page = 9 |isbn= 9789004152236}}</ref> Restricted autonomy under a constitution was proposed by the British administration but eventually rejected. In 1955 the ] organisation was founded, seeking independence and union with Greece through armed struggle. At the same time the ], calling for Taksim, or partition, was established by the Turkish Cypriots as a counterweight.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.cyprus-conflict.net/www.cyprus-conflict.net/mavratsas.html |title=Politics, Social Memory, and Identity in Greek Cyprus since 1974 |author=Caesar V. Mavratsas |publisher=cyprus-conflict.net |accessdate=2007-10-13}}</ref> Turmoil on the island was met with force by the British.

====Independence====
On August 16, 1960, Cyprus attained independence after an agreement in ] between the United Kingdom, Greece and Turkey. The UK retained two ] in ] while government posts and public offices were allocated by ethnic quotas giving the minority Turks a permanent veto, 30% in parliament and administration, and granting the 3 mother-states guarantor rights.

In 1963 inter-communal violence broke out, partially sponsored by both "motherlands" with Turkish Cypriots being forced into ] and Cypriot President Archbishop ] calling for unilateral ] as a means to ease tensions over the whole island. The ] was involved and the United Nations forces in Cyprus (UNICYP) deployed at flash points.<ref>{{cite book |author= Hoffmeister, Frank |title= Legal aspects of the Cyprus problem: Annan Plan and EU accession |publisher= EMartinus Nijhoff Publishers|year= 2006 |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=LZXbg3ZwvGoC&dq= | pages = 17–20 |isbn= 9789004152236}}</ref>

In 1964, ] attempted to invade Cyprus <!-- and Greece : the ref does not say anything about Turkey invading greece--><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/10/newsid_3037000/3037898.stm |title=BBC news |publisher=BBC News |date=2004-04-24 |accessdate=2009-10-25}}</ref> in response to the ongoing ], but was stopped by a strongly worded telegram from the U.S. President ] on June 5, 1964; who warned that the ] would not stand beside Turkey in case of a consequential ] invasion of Turkish territory.<ref>{{cite book|title=Johnson's 1964 letter to Inonu and Greek lobbying of the White House|author=Jacob M. Landau|publisher=Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Leonard Davis Institute for International Relations|year=1979}}</ref>

====Current dispute====
{{Main|Greek military junta of 1967–1974|Turkish invasion of Cyprus}}

Following a coup d'état engineered by the ], Turkey launched a full-scale military invasion of the island in 1974. The Turkish air force began bombing Greek positions on Cyprus, hundreds of paratroops were dropped in the area between Nicosia and ], where well-armed Turkish Cypriot enclaves had been long-established, while off the Kyrenia coast 30 Turkish troop ships protected by destroyers disgorged 6,000 men as well as an array of tanks, trucks, and armored vehicles.

Three days later, when a ceasefire had been agreed, Turkey had landed 30,000 troops on the island and captured Kyrenia, the corridor linking Kyrenia to Nicosia, and the Turkish-Cypriot quarter of Nicosia. The junta in Athens, and then the Sampson regime in Cyprus fell from power. In Nicosia Glafkos Clerides assumed the presidency and constitutional order was restored; ostensibly removing the pretext the Turks gave for the invasion. The Turks used a period of negotiations to reinforce their Kyrenia bridgehead and prepare for the second phase of the invasion, which began on 14 August and resulted in the seizure of Morphou, Karpasia, Ammochostos and the Mesaoria. The Greek forces were unable to resist the Turkish advance.

International pressure led to a ceasefire at which point 37% of the island had been taken over by the Turks and 180,000 Greek Cypriots were evicted from their homes in the north. At the same time, around 50,000 Turkish Cypriots moved to the areas under the control of the Turkish Forces and settled in the properties of the displaced Greek Cypriots. In 1983 Turkish Cypriots proclaimed the ] which is officially recognised only by Turkey.

As of today, there are 1,534 Greek Cypriots<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.cyprus-mail.com/news/main.php?id=34064&cat_id=1 |title=Over 100 missing identified so far |publisher=Cyprus Mail |accessdate=2007-10-13}}</ref> and 502 Turkish Cypriots<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.cyprus-mail.com/news/main.php?id=30795&cat_id=1 |title=Missing cause to get cash injection |publisher=Cyprus Mail |accessdate=2007-10-13}}</ref> missing as a result of the fighting. The events of the summer of 1974 dominate the ] on the island, as well as ]. Around 150,000 settlers from ] are believed to be living in the north in violation of the ] and various ].<ref>{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=_bF8n8DaQtoC&dq= |title=Documents (working papers) 1993 |publisher= |author= Council of Europe | isbn= 9789287122629 | age= 1997 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=beVKwgOtME0C&dq= |title=Who shall govern Cyprus – Brussels or Nicosia? |publisher= Evandia Publishing UK Limited |author=Chrysafi, A. C. | page= 112 | isbn= 9781904578000| age= 2003 }}</ref> Following the invasion and the capture of its northern territory by Turkish troops, the Republic of Cyprus announced that all of its ] in the north are closed, as they are effectively not under its control.

The last major effort to settle the ] was the ]. It gained the support of the Turkish Cypriots but was ] by the Greek Cypriots.

In July 2006, the island served as a safe haven for people fleeing Lebanon because of the conflict between ] and ].<ref>{{cite news |first= |last=Xinhua |title= About 11,500&nbsp;people flee Lebanon to Cyprus |url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200607/21/eng20060721_285223.html |work=] |page= |date=2006-07-21 |accessdate=}}</ref>

In March 2008, a wall that for decades had stood at the boundary between the Greek Cypriot controlled side and the UN ] was demolished.<ref name = "BBC-Cypriots">{{Citation |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6433045.stm |title=Greek Cypriots dismantle barrier |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=2008-03-07 | date=2007-03-09}}</ref> The wall had cut across Ledra Street in the heart of Nicosia and was seen as a strong symbol of the island's 32-year division. On 3 April 2008, ] was reopened in the presence of Greek and Turkish Cypriot officials.<ref>. ] article published on ] Website, 3 April 2008</ref>

==Geography==
{{Main|Geography of Cyprus}}
]

Cyprus is the third largest ] in the Mediterranean (after the ] islands of ] and ]) and the ]. It measures 240 kilometers long from end to end and 100&nbsp;km wide at its widest point, with Turkey 75&nbsp;km to the north. Other neighbouring territories include ] and ] to the east (105&nbsp;km and 108&nbsp;km, respectively), ] 200&nbsp;km to the southeast, ] 380&nbsp;km to the south, and ] to the west-northwest: 280&nbsp;km to the small ] island of ], 400&nbsp;km to ], and 800&nbsp;km to the Greek mainland.

The physical relief of the island is dominated by two mountain ranges, the ] and the smaller ], and the central plain they encompass, the ]. The Troodos Mountains cover most of the southern and western portions of the island and account for roughly half its area. The highest point on Cyprus is ] at {{convert|1952|m|2|abbr=on|lk=out}}, located in the center of the Troodos range. The narrow Kyrenia Range, extending along the northern coastline, occupies substantially less area, and elevations are lower, reaching a maximum of {{convert|1024|m|2|abbr=on|lk=out}}.

], the island is subdivided into four main segments. The Republic of Cyprus, the internationally recognized government, occupies the southern two-thirds of the island (59.74%). The ] occupies the northern third (34.85%) of the island and is recognized only by Turkey, as it consists of the Turkish-occupied areas. The ]-controlled ] is a buffer zone that separates the two and covers 2.67% of the island. Lastly, ] are located on the island: ], covering the remaining 2.74%.

==Government==
{{Main|Politics of Cyprus|Foreign relations of Cyprus}}
{{Politics of Cyprus}}
].]]
Cyprus is a ]. The head of state and of the government is the President who is elected by a process of ] for a five-year term. Executive power is exercised by the government with legislative power vested in the House of Representatives whilst the Judiciary is independent of both the executive and the legislature.

The 1960 Constitution provided for a presidential system of government with independent executive, legislative and judicial branches as well as a complex system of checks and balances including a weighted power-sharing ratio designed to protect the interests of the Turkish Cypriots. The executive was led by a Greek Cypriot president and a Turkish Cypriot vice president elected by their respective communities for five-year terms and each possessing a right of veto over certain types of legislation and executive decisions. Legislative power rested on the House of Representatives who were also elected on the basis of separate voters' rolls.

Following clashes between the two communities the ] seats in the House remain vacant since 1965. Turkish Cypriots refused to establish the state of affairs before the invasion of Cyprus as is evident in the Secretary-General of the United Nations who said ''The Turkish Cypriot leaders have adhered to a rigid stand against any measures which might involve having members of the two communities live and work together, or which might place Turkish Cypriots in situations where they would have to acknowledge the authority of Government agents. Indeed, since the Turkish Cypriot leadership is committed to physical and geographical separation of the communities as a political goal, it is not likely to encourage activities by Turkish Cypriots which may be interpreted as demonstrating the merits of an alternative policy. The result has been a seemingly deliberate policy of self-segregation by the Turkish Cypriots''<ref name="Coe1">Quotation from 1965 in a report submitted by Cyprus in the framework of the Convention for the Protectino of Mational Minorities citing , 10 June 1965</ref> By 1974 the two communities had returned to a more tolerant state of living.<ref name="Coe1" />

In 1974 Cyprus was divided ''de facto'' into the Greek Cypriot controlled southern two-thirds of the island and the ] controlled northern third. The Turkish Cypriots subsequently declared independence in 1983 as the ] but were recognized only by ]. In 1985 the TRNC adopted a constitution and held its first elections. The United Nations recognizes the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus over the entire island of Cyprus.

The House of Representatives currently has 59 members elected for a five year term, 56 members by ] and 3 observer members representing the ], ] and ] minorities. 24 seats are allocated to the ] community but remain vacant since 1964. The political environment is dominated by the communist ], the liberal conservative ], the ]<ref>{{cite web|author=DotNetNuke |url=http://www.diko.org.cy/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=24 |title=Democratic Party (DH.KO) > Το Κόμμα > Διακήρυξη |publisher=Diko.org.cy |date= |accessdate=2009-01-06}}</ref> ], the ] ] and the centrist ].

On 17 February 2008 ] of the ] was elected President of Cyprus, on AKEL's first electoral victory without being part of a wider coalition. Cyprus is currently one of only two countries in the world to have a democratically elected ] government (the other being ]), and the only European Union member state under communist leadership. Christofias took over government from ] of the ] who had been in office since February 2003.

===Districts===
{{Main|Districts of Cyprus|List of cities, towns and villages in Cyprus}}
The Republic of Cyprus is divided into six districts:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://europa.eu/abc/maps/members/cyprus_en.htm |title=EUROPA – The EU at a glance – Maps – Cyprus |publisher=Europa.eu |date= |accessdate=2009-03-27}}</ref> ], ], ], ], ] and ].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Map of Cyprus!! Districts !! ] name !! ] name</tr>
| rowspan=6 |
<imagemap>
File:Cyprus_districts.jpg|370px|
rect 206 189 282 230 ]
rect 284 248 354 275 ]
rect 139 280 221 307 ]
rect 32 238 97 272 ]
rect 179 337 275 360 ]
rect 211 118 289 144 ]
rect 341 158 427 185 ]
rect 373 217 429 274 ]
</imagemap>
| ]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; || Αμμόχωστος (Ammochostos)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; || Gazimağusa&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr>
| ] || Κερύvεια (Keryneia) || Girne</tr>
| ] || Λάρνακα (Larnaka) || Larnaka/İskele</tr>
| ] || Λεμεσός (Lemesos) || Limasol/Leymosun</tr>
| ] || Λευκωσία (Lefkosia) || Lefkoşa</tr>
| ] || Πάφος (Pafos/Bafos) || Baf/Gazibaf</tr>
|}

===Exclaves and enclaves===
], a Greek Cypriot exclave on ]]]
Cyprus has four ]s, all in territory that belongs to the ]. The first two are the villages of ] and ]. The third is the Dhekelia Power Station which is divided by a British road into two parts. The northern part is an exclave, like the two villages, whereas the southern part is located by the sea and therefore not an exclave although it has no ] of its own.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://geosite.jankrogh.com/cyprus.htm |title=Cyprus |publisher=Geosite.jankrogh.com |date= |accessdate=2009-01-06}}</ref>

The UN buffer zone runs up against Dhekelia and picks up again from its east side off ] and is connected to the rest of Dhekelia by a thin land corridor. In that sense the buffer zone turns the ] area on the southeast corner of the island into a ''de facto'', though not '']'', exclave.

] is a de facto exclave of the government-controlled part of the island. It is the only Greek Cypriot town located on the TRNC-controlled ].

===Human rights===
The constant focus on the division of the island can sometimes mask other ] issues. Prostitution is rife in both the government-controlled and the Turkish-controlled regions leading to the government being criticised for its lack of controls<ref>{{Citation
|url=http://www.cyprus-mail.com/news/main.php?id=26259&cat_id=1
|title=US report raps Cyprus over battle on flesh trade
|author=Jean Christou
|publisher=cyprus-mail.com
|accessdate=2007-10-13}}</ref> and for the role of Cyprus in the ] as one of the main destinations for ] from ].<ref>{{Citation
|url=http://www.cyprus-mail.com/news/main.php?id=24784&cat_id=9
|title=A shame on our society
|author=Jacqueline Theodoulou
|publisher=cyprus-mail.com
|accessdate=2007-10-13}}</ref> The Turkish-controlled regime has been the focus of occasional ] criticisms<ref>{{Citation
|url=http://www.freemedia.at/cms/ipi/statements_detail.html?ctxid=CH0055&docid=CMS1168350896599
|title=IPI deeply concerned over criminal defamation charges brought against daily newspaper in Northern Cyprus
|date=9 January 2007
|publisher=international Press Institute
|accessdate=2007-10-13}}</ref> regarding heavy-handed treatment of newspaper editors.

] legislation remains largely unimplemented<ref>{{Citation
|url=http://www.hri.org/docs/USSD-Rights/95/Cyprus95.html#Section5
|title=Cyprus Human Rights Practices, 1995: Discrimination Based on Race, Sex, Religion, Disability, Language, or Social Status
|publisher=Hellenic Resources network
|accessdate=2007-10-13
|unused_data=|author= U.S. Department of State|date= March 1996}}</ref> and mistreatment of domestic staff, mostly immigrant workers from ], are sometimes reported in the Cypriot press<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asylumlaw.org/docs/cyprus/usdos99_cyprus.htm |title=US Report on Human Rights in Cyprus (sectiond 6c & 6e) |publisher=Asylumlaw.org |date= |accessdate=2009-03-27}}</ref> and are the subject of several campaigns by the anti-racist charity ].

==Military==
{{Main|Military of Cyprus}}

The ] is the main military institution of the Republic of Cyprus. It is an <!-- all Greek : If it is Greek then refs must be provided. I suspect that this is meant to say ethnic Greek.-->] force, with land, air and naval elements. The National Guard is a required 25 month service for all men upon completing their 18th birthday.

The land forces of the Cypriot National Guard comprise the following units:
*First Infantry Division (Ιη Μεραρχία ΠΖ)
*Second Infantry Division (ΙΙα Μεραρχία ΠΖ)
*Fourth Infantry Brigade (ΙVη Ταξιαρχία ΠΖ)
*Twentieth Armored Brigade (ΧΧη ΤΘ Ταξιαρχία)
*Third Support Brigade (ΙΙΙη Ταξιαρχία ΥΠ)
*Eighth Support Brigade (VIIIη Ταξιαρχία ΥΠ)

The air force includes the 449th Helicopter Gunship Squadron (449 ΜΑΕ) – operating ] and ] and the 450th Helicopter Gunship Squadron (450 ME/P) – operating ], ] and ]. Current Senior officers include Supreme Commander, Cypriot National Guard: Lt. Gen. Konstantinos Bisbikas, Deputy Commander, Cypriot National Guard: Lt. Gen. Savvas Argyrou and Chief of Staff, Cypriot National Guard: Maj. Gen. Gregory Stamoulis.

==Economy==
{{Main|Economy of Cyprus}}
The Cypriot economy is prosperous and has diversified in recent years.<ref name=econ/> According to the latest ] estimates, its ] (adjusted for ]) at ]28,381 is just above the average of the European Union.<ref>List of countries by future GDP (PPP) per capita estimates</ref> Cyprus has been sought as a base for several offshore businesses for its highly developed infrastructure. Economic policy of the Cyprus government has focused on meeting the criteria for admission to the European Union. Adoption of the ] as a national currency is required of all new countries joining the ] and the Cypriot government adopted the currency on 1 January 2008.<ref name=econ>{{cite web |url=http://www.cyprus.gov.cy/portal/portal.nsf/All/2E23E22A811DE449C2256EBD004F3BEB?OpenDocument |title=Cyprus Economy |accessdate=2007-05-04 |work=Republic of Cyprus |publisher=www.cyprus.gov.cy }}</ref>

] has recently been discovered in the seabed between Cyprus and Egypt and talks are underway between ] and ] to reach an agreement regarding the exploration of these resources.<ref name=oil>{{cite news |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/01/30/europe/EU-GEN-Turkey-Cyprus-Oil.php |title=Turkey warns Lebanon, Egypt against oil exploration deal with Cyprus |accessdate=2007-05-04 |date=2007-01-30 |publisher=www.iht.com |work=AP/International Herald Tribune}}</ref> The seabed separating Lebanon and Cyprus is believed to hold significant quantities of ] and ].<ref name=oil/> However the government of Cyprus states that the Turkish Navy doesn't allow the exploration of oil in the region.<ref name=oil/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=10&categ_id=2&article_id=97960|title=Cyprus accuses Turkish Navy of blocking oil exploration|accessdate=2009-06-13|date=2008-11-25|publisher=The Daily Star}}</ref>

The economy of the Turkish-occupied area (effectively a district of the ]) is dominated by the services sector which includes the public sector, trade, tourism and education with smaller agriculture and light manufacturing sectors. The economy operates on a ] basis although it continues to be handicapped by the political isolation of Turkish Cypriots, the lack of private and governmental investment, high freight costs and shortages of skilled labor. Despite these constraints the economy turned in an impressive performance in 2003 and 2004 with growth rates of 9.6% and 11.4%. The average income in the area was $15,984 in 2008.<ref name=TRNC-Economy>, TRNC State Planning Organization.</ref> Growth has been buoyed by the relative stability of the ] and by a boom in the education and construction sectors.

The island has witnessed a massive growth in tourism over the years and as such the property rental market in Cyprus has grown along side. Added to this is the capital growth in property that has been created from the demand of incoming investors and property buyers to the island.<ref name=tourism>{{cite web |url=http://www.apropertyincyprus.com/cyprus/ |title=Growth in tourism has stimulated the property market in Cyprus |accessdate=2008-12-15 |date=2008-11-10 |publisher=www.apropertyincyprus.com |work=Property Abroad}}</ref>

===Numismatics===
].]]<!-- This pic was hidden but without any reason shown -->
{{Main|Cypriot euro coins|Euro gold and silver commemorative coins (Cyprus)}}

In Cyprus, the ] was introduced in 2008. Three different designs were selected for the Cypriot coins. The designs were chosen from entrants in a competition in 2005

The €2 coin is a legacy of an old national practice of minting silver and gold commemorative coins.

To commemorate this event, a €5 collector coin was also issued. Unlike normal issues these coins are not legal tender in all of the eurozone and so cannot be used in any other country but Cyprus.

==Demographics==
{{Main|Demographics of Cyprus}}
]
]
]
According to the first population census after the declaration of independence, carried out in December 1960 and covering the entire island, Cyprus had a total population of 573,566, with ethnic ] comprising 77% of the island's population and ethnic ] 18% (other nationals accounted for the remaining 5%).<ref>, Library of Congress, Washington, DC, 1991.</ref> According to the last census covering the entire island (April 1973), the population of Cyprus was 631,778 with the ethnic Turkish community estimated at 19% of the total (about 120,000).<ref name=2007abstract>, Republic of Cyprus, Statistical Service, Report No. 53</ref>

The subsequent censuses conducted in 1976–2001 after the de facto division of the island covered only the population in the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus government, and the number of Turkish Cypriots residing in ] was estimated by the Republic of Cyprus Statistical Service on the basis of population growth rates and migration data. In the last census of 2001 carried out by the Republic of Cyprus, the population in the area controlled by the government was 703,529. The number of Turkish Cypriots residing in Northern Cyprus was estimated by the Republic of Cyprus Statistical Service at 87,600, or 11% of the reported total.<ref name=2007abstract/>

The latest available estimates by the Republic of Cyprus Statistical Service put the island’s population at the end of 2006 at 867,600, with 89.8% (778,700) in the government controlled area and 10.2% (88,900) Turkish Cypriots in Northern Cyprus.<ref name=2007abstract/> However, the Republic of Cyprus estimate of Turkish Cypriots does not represent the total population of Northern Cyprus. In addition, the Republic of Cyprus Statistical Service also estimated that 150,000–160,000 Turkish immigrants (described as “illegal settlers” in the Republic of Cyprus ''Statistical Abstract 2007'',<ref name=2007abstract/> footnote on p.&nbsp;72) were living in Northern Cyprus, bringing the de facto population of Northern Cyprus to about 250,000. This estimate produced by the Republic of Cyprus matches the results of the 2006 population census carried out by Northern Cyprus, which gives 265,100 as the total population of Northern Cyprus.<ref name=TRNC2006>{{cite web|url=http://nufussayimi.devplan.org/Census%202006.pdf |title=Census.XLS |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2009-10-25}}</ref> The total population of Cyprus is thus slightly over 1 million, comprising 778,700 in the territory controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus and 265,100 in ].

<!--STILL TO BE UPDATED AS OF 25 FEBRUARY 2009 04:11-->Cyprus has seen major increases in the numbers of permanent citizens. Sizeable communities from Britain, ], ]<!-- (mostly ], immigrating after the fall of the ]) : Pontic greeks are not from there -->, ], ], and other Eastern European states exist. By the end of 2007, about 124,000 immigrants settled in Cyprus, the three largest groups being 37,000 Greeks, 27,000 Britons, and 10,000 Russians. The island is also home to a ] minority of 6,000, an ] minority of around 2,000, and refugees mainly from ], ], and ]. There is also a ] minority present in Cyprus.

Outside Cyprus there is a significant and thriving Cypriot diaspora in other countries, with the United States, the United Kingdom, Greece and Australia hosting the majority of migrants who left the island after the de facto division in 1974. The Cypriot population of the United Kingdom is estimated to number 150,000.

] village in ] is the only settlement in Cypriot government-controlled territory with a mixed Greek and Turkish Cypriot population.

=== Genetics ===
] are found at the following frequencies in Cyprus : ] (43.07% including 6.20% J1), ] (20.00%), ] (12.30% including 9.2% R1b), ] (9.20%), ] (7.70%), ] (4.60%), ] (3.10%).<ref>(n=65), , Capelli et al. 2005</ref> J, K, F and E1b1b haplogroups consist of lineages with differential distribution within ], ] and ] while R1 and I are typical in West European populations.

===Religion===
{{bar box
|title=]<ref name="CIA"/>
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=religion
|right1=percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|]|Blue|78}}
{{bar percent|]|Green|18}}
{{bar percent|Other |Orange|4}}
}}

{{Main|Religion in Cyprus}}
], situated near the ]]]
Most Greek Cypriots are members of the autocephalous ] ],<ref name="CIA"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyprus.gov.cy/portal/portal.nsf/All/817E9279C04E4480C2257023002B858C?OpenDocument|title=About Cyprus – Towns and Population|work=Government Web Portal – Areas of Interest|publisher=]|accessdate=9 February 2010}}</ref><ref name="Congress">{{cite web|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/cytoc.html|title=A Country Study: Cyprus|last=Solsten|first=Eric|date=January 1991|work=]|publisher=]|accessdate=9 February 2010}}</ref> whereas most Turkish Cypriots are adherents of ]. According to Eurobarometer 2005,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf |title=ReportDGResearchSocialValuesEN2.PDF |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2009-10-25}}</ref> Cyprus is one of the most ], alongside Malta, Romania, Greece, and Poland. The first ], ], was an ].

Given the special legal status of the Church of Cyprus, the country is also one of only five EU states to have an established ], alongside Denmark (]), ] (]), ] (]) and the ] (] (only in ])). In addition to the Greek Orthodox and Muslim communities, there are also small ], ], ] (including ]), ] (including ] and ]) and ] communities in Cyprus.

], situated near the ], is considered the third holiest site in Sunni Islam<ref>{{cite web | url = http://notes.utk.edu/bio/unistudy.nsf/0/3ed1a6838771b4f485256fc4005d54a1?OpenDocument
| title = Assessing the Isle of Cyprus | accessdate = 2006-11-12 | last = Bowen
| first = George E. | date = April 3, 2001 | work =
| publisher = Patrick S. O'Brien on the ] server
| quote = ''Three historic churches and monasteries are within the city. Just outside the city is the location of the Hala Sultan Tekke Mosque, the third holiest place for Muslims in the world.''
}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last = Drayton | first = Penny| year = 1993 | month = January | title = Aphrodite's island | journal = Wood & water | volume = 2 | issue = 41}} Cited by: {{cite journal
| last = Trubshaw
| first = Bob
| year = 1993
| month = February
| title = The Black Stone – the Omphalos of the Goddess
| journal = Mercian Mysteries
| volume =
| issue = 14
| pages =
| doi =
| id =
| url = http://www.indigogroup.co.uk/edge/blstone.htm
| accessdate = 2006-11-12
| quote = In Cyprus is another highly venerated Islamic site – the third most important after Mecca and Medina – the Hala Sultan Tekke. This, too, has a black rock, said to have fallen as a meteorite as part of the tritholon over the shrine. The shrine is to a woman – the aunt and foster mother of Prophet Mohammed
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Daniel| first = Geoff | coauthors = John Oldfield, Christine Oldfield| title = Landscapes of Cyprus| year = 2004 | month = | publisher = Sunflower| location = | isbn = 1856912299| page = 36| chapter = | quote = }}</ref><ref>, '']: Center for Middle Eastern Studies'', "The Mosque of Umm Haram is the chief Muslim shrine on the island of Cyprus and an important holy site for the entire Muslim world... The Hala Sultan Tekke is the third most revered site of pilgrimage in the Muslim world." Retrieved: 23-02-2009</ref><ref>Papalexandrou, Nassos. , ''Journal of Modern Greek Studies'', Volume 26, Number 2. John Hopkins University Press, (October 2008) pp. 251–281. "Der Parthog calls it the "third most holy space in Islam" (1995:222–223)"</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.undp-act.org/main/data/Articles/E-NEWSLETTER/IS1_story5.htm
| title = Hala Sultan Tekke: Where East Meets West | accessdate = 2006-11-12 | year = 2006
| month = Spring | work = Issue 1 | publisher = ]|quote=Islam's third sacred holy site after the Ka'ba and the Prophet Mohammad's grave in Mecca, and among the greatest cultural heritage monuments of the world, Hala Sultan Tekke, or Umm Haram, has long been the destination of Muslim pilgrims from Cyprus and the Middle East.
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.mcw.gov.cy/mcw/DA/DA.nsf/All/18513FF955C9F917C225719900332619?OpenDocument
| title = Monuments: Hala Sultan Tekke
| accessdate = 2006-03-06
| last =
| first =
| year = 2005
| work =
| publisher = Republic of Cyprus, Ministry of Communications and Works; Department of Antiquities
| quote = ''The Muslim mosque of Hala Sultan is located in the center of a spectacular garden at the west bank of the Salt Lake, about {{convert|6|km|2|abbr=on|lk=out}} southwest of Larnaca. It is the main Muslim pilgrimage site of Cyprus and the third most important holy place of Islam.''
}}
</ref> and an object of ] for both ] and ].<ref>"", A Virtual Reconstruction of the Hala Sultan Tekke</ref><ref>Papalexandrou, Nassos, "", Journal of Modern Greek Studies, Volume 26, Number 2, October 2008, pp. 251–281</ref>

==Education==
{{Unreferenced section|date=May 2009}}
{{For|a complete list|List of universities and colleges in Cyprus}}
], the oldest functioning high school in Cyprus.]]

Cyprus has a highly developed system of primary and ] offering both public and ]. The high quality of instruction can be attributed to a large extent to the above-average competence of the teachers but also to the fact that nearly 7% of the GDP is spent on education which makes Cyprus one of the top three spenders of education in the EU along with Denmark and Sweden.

]s are generally seen as equivalent in quality of education to private-sector institutions. However, the value of a state high-school diploma is limited by the fact that the grades obtained account for only around 25% of the final grade for each topic, with the remaining 75% assigned by the teacher during the semester, in a minimally transparent way. Cypriot universities (like universities in Greece) ignore high school grades almost entirely for admissions purposes. While a high-school diploma is mandatory for university attendance, admissions are decided almost exclusively on the basis of scores at centrally administered university entrance examinations that all university candidates are required to take.

The majority of Cypriots receive their higher education at Greek, British,Turkish, other European and North American universities. It is noteworthy that Cyprus currently has the highest percentage of citizens of ] who have higher-level education in the EU at 30% which is ahead of Finland's 29.5%. In addition 47% of its population aged 25–34 have tertiary education, which is the highest in the EU. The body of Cypriot students is highly mobile, with 78.7% studying in a university outside Cyprus.

==Culture==
===Art===
The art history of Cyprus can be said to stretch back up to 10,000 years, following the discovery of a series of ] period carved figures in the villages of ] and ]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arcl.ed.ac.uk/arch/lemba/homepage.html |title=Lemba Archaeological Research Centre |publisher=Arcl.ed.ac.uk |date= |accessdate=2009-10-25}}</ref> and the island is also the home to numerous examples of high quality religious ] from the ].

In modern times Cypriot art history begins with the painter Vassilis Vryonides (1883–1958) who studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Venice.<ref>Chrysanthos Christou, ''A short History of Modern and Contemporary Cypriot Art,'' Nicosia 1983.</ref> Arguably the two founding fathers of modern Cypriot art were Adamantios Diamantis (1900–1994) who studied at London's ] and Christopheros Savva (1924–1968) who also studied in London, at ].<ref>Ministry of Education and Culture, ''State Gallery of Contemporary Cypriot Art'' (Nicosia: MOEC,1998)</ref> In many ways these two artists set the template for subsequent Cypriot art and both their artistic styles and the patterns of their education remain influential to this day. In particular the majority of Cypriot artists still train in ]<ref>Michael Paraskos, 'The Art of Modern Cyprus', in ''Sunjet,'' Spring 2002, 62f</ref> although art schools in ] are also popular and local art institutions such as the ], ] and the ] are becoming more popular.

One of the features of Cypriot art is a tendency towards figurative painting although ] is being rigorously promoted by a number of art “institutions” and most notably the Nicosia Municipal Art Centre . Municipal art galleries exist in all the main towns and there is a large and lively commercial art scene. Cyprus was due to host the international art festival ] in 2006 but this was cancelled at the last minute following a dispute between the Dutch organizers of Manifesta and the Cyprus Ministry of Education and Culture over the location of some of the Manifesta events in the Turkish sector of the capital ].<ref name="schools out">{{cite web | url=http://www.frieze.com/issue/article/schools_out | title= Schools Out | date=2006-09 | publisher=}}</ref><ref name="Manifestaartnet">{{cite web | url=http://www.artnet.com/magazineus/news/zenakos/zenakos6-5-06.asp | title= Manifesta no more | publisher=}}</ref> <!-- The ensuing furore over this event resulted in questions in Cyprus as to whether Manifesta was a ]-backed plot to undermine the Greek Cypriot side in on-going negotiations over the reunification of Cyprus.<ref>Michael Paraskos, 'Was Manifesta a CIA Plot?' in ''Artcyprus,'' issue 2, Autumn 2006, 2</ref>{{deadlink}} : see chat-->

Other notable Cypriot artists include Rhea Bailey, Mihail Kkasialos, Ioannis Kissonergis, Theodoulos Gregoriou, ], George Skoteinos, ], ], ], ], ], ] and ].

===Music===
{{Main|Music of Cyprus}}
]
The traditional ] of Cyprus has several common elements with ], ], and ] music including Greco-Turkish dances such as the '']'', '']'', '']'', ''tatsia'', and ''kartsilamas'' as well as the ]-inspired '']'' and ''arapie''. There is also a form of musical poetry known as ''chattista'' which is often performed at traditional feasts and celebrations. The instruments commonly associated with Cyprus folk music are the ] (''pictured''), ] ("outi"), ] ("fkiolin"), ] ("laouto"), ], Cyprus ] ("pithkiavlin") and ] (including the "]"). Composers associated with traditional Cypriot music include ], ], Solon Michaelides and Savvas Salides.

] in Cyprus is generally influenced by the Greek '']'' scene with several artists including ], ], and ] earning widespread popularity in Cyprus, Greece and parts of the ]. ], ] and ] are also very popular genres on the island and have been supported by the emergence of Cypriot ] and the ] scene at ]. Cypriot ] and '']'' rock is often associated with artists such as ] and ]. ] also has a small following in Cyprus represented by bands such as ] and Quadraphonic.

===Literature===
Literary production of the antiquity includes the ], an ], probably composed in the late seventh century BC and attributed to ]. The ] is one of the very first specimens of Greek and European poetry.<ref>"An indication that at least the main contents of the ''Cypria'' were known around ] is provided by the representation of the ] on the ]" (Burkert 1992:103). On the ] ] of ca. ] known as the , Paris is identified as ''Alexandros'', as he was apparently called in ''Cypria''.</ref> The Cypriot ] was the founder of the Stoic philosophy. Epic poetry, notably the "acritic songs", flourished during ]. Two chronicles, one written by Leontios Machairas and the other by Voustronios, refer to the period under French domination (]). Poèmes d'amour written in medieval Greek Cypriot date back from ]. Some of them are actual translations of poems written by ], ], ] and G. ].<ref>Th. Siapkaras- Pitsillidés, Le Pétrarchisme en Cypre. Poèmes d' amour en dialecte Chypriote d' après un manuscript du XVIe siècle, Athènes 1975 (2ème édition)</ref>

Modern literary figures from Cyprus include the poet and writer Kostas Montis, poet ], poet Michalis Pasiardis, writer ], ], ], Loukis Akritas<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philatelism.com/details.php?issueid=256|title=Cyprus Stamp Issue: Loukis Akritas}}</ref> and Demetris Th. Gotsis. ], ] and Pavlos Liasides are folk poets who wrote poems mainly in the ] dialect<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philatelism.com/details.php?issueid=91|title=Cyprus Stamp Issue: Cyprus Poets}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philatelism.com/details.php?issueid=252|title=Cyprus Stamp Issue: Centenary Birthday Anniversary of Poet Pavlos Liasides}}</ref>. ] lived in Northern Cyprus from 1952 until 26 August 1956 and wrote the book ] concerning his time there which won the second ] in 1957. The majority of the play '']'' by ] is set on the island of Cyprus. Cyprus also figures in religious literature such as the ] according to which the Apostles ] and Paul preached on the island.

===Cuisine===
{{Main|Cypriot cuisine}}
]

] or Hellim cheese originated in Cyprus<ref>{{cite book |author= Robinson, R. K. – Tamime, A. Y. |title=Feta and Related Cheeses |publisher=Woodhead Publishing |year=1991 |page=144 |isbn=1855732785 |quote= Halloumi is a semi-hard to hard, unripened cheese that, traditionally, is made from either sheep's milk or goat's milk or a mixture of the two. Although the cheese has its origins in Cyprus, it is widely popular throughout the Middle East, and hence many countries have now become involved with its manufacture.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author= Murdoch Books Pty Limited |title= Essential Mediterranean |publisher= Murdoch Books |year= 2005 |page=21 |isbn= 1740455398 |quote= HALOUMl Originating in Cyprus, this salty, semi-hard sheep's milk cheese is a popular table cheese }}</ref> and was initially made during the ] ] period,<ref>{{cite book |author= Goldstein, Darra – Merkle, Kathrin – Parasecoli, Fabio – Mennell, Stephen – Council of Europe |title= Culinary cultures of Europe: identity, diversity and dialogue |publisher= Council of Europe |year= 2005 |page=121 |isbn= 9287157448 |quote= Most culinary innovations in the Cypriot cuisine occurred during the Byzantine era… Experimentation with dairy products resulted in the now-famous halloumi and feta cheese.}}</ref> subsequently gaining popularity throughout the ]. Halloumi (Hellim) is commonly served sliced, either fresh or grilled, as an appetiser.

Seafood and fish dishes of Cyprus include ], ], ], and ]. Cucumber and tomato are used widely in salads. Common vegetable preparations include potatoes in olive oil and parsley, pickled ] and ], ] and '']''(gölevez). Other traditional delicacies of the island are meat marinated in dried coriander, seeds and wine, and eventually dried and smoked, such as ''lountza'' (smoked ]), charcoal-grilled lamb, ] (pork and chicken cooked over charcoal), and ] (minced meat wrapped in ]). ''Pourgouri'' (], cracked wheat) is the traditional carbohydrate other than bread, and is used to make the Cypriot delicacy ].

Fresh vegetables and fruits are common ingredients in Cypriot cuisine. Frequently used vegetables include ]s, green peppers, ], green beans, artichokes, carrots, tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce and grape leaves, and ] such as beans, ]s, peas, ]s, ]s and ]s. The commonest among fruits and nuts are pears, apples, grapes, oranges, ], ]s, ], blackberries, cherry, strawberries, figs, ], ], avocado, lemon, ], ], ], ], ].

Cyprus is also well-known for its desserts, including ''lokum'', also known as ].<ref name=giant>"", ''BBC News'', October 18, 2004</ref> This island has ] for its ''lokum'' produced in the village of ].<ref name=PGI>{{cite news | first= | last= | coauthors= | title=Turks riled as Cyprus set to win EU trademark on Turkish Delight | date=December 13, 2007 | agency=Associated Press | url =http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/12/13/europe/EU-GEN-Cyprus-Turkish-Delight.php | work =International Herald Tribune | pages = | accessdate = 2007-12-14 | language = }}</ref>

===Sports===
]]]
Governing bodies of sport in Cyprus include the ], Cyprus Badminton Federation,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyprusbadminton.com |title=Cyprus Badminton Federation |publisher=Cyprusbadminton.com |date= |accessdate=2009-03-27}}</ref> ], ], ], ] and the ]. ] is one of the most successful ] players in international stage. He was a finalist at the Australian Open in 2006, and reached the ] semi-final in the same year. Also ] a Cypriot ]er born in Limassol achieved a jump of 2.35&nbsp;m at the 11th ] held in ], in 2007 winning the bronze medal.

Football is by far the most popular ]. Notable teams include ], ], ], ], ], ] and ]. Stadiums or sports venues in Cyprus include the ] (the largest in Cyprus), ], ], ], ] and ]. The ] – which takes place in Lemesos – is also on the ] sporting calendar.

===Media===
Newspapers include ], ], ], ], ], ], the ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ] (in a special Cypriot edition). TV channels include ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ].

==Infrastructure==
===Transportation===
{{Main|Transport in Cyprus}}
]
]
]]]
].]]

The ] ceased operation on the 31st December 1951, the remaining ] are by road, sea, and air. Of the {{convert|10663|km|mi|abbr=on}} of roads in the Greek Cypriot area as of 1998, {{convert|6249|km|mi|abbr=on}} were paved, and {{convert|4414|km|mi|abbr=on}} were unpaved. As of 1996 the Turkish Cypriot area had a similar ratio of paved to unpaved, with approximately {{convert|1370|km|mi|abbr=on}} of paved road and {{convert|980|km|mi|abbr=on}} unpaved. Cyprus is one of only four EU nations in which vehicles drive on the ], a remnant of British colonisation, the others being Ireland, Malta and the United Kingdom.

'']''
{{Main|Motorways and roads in Cyprus}}
* ] ] to ]
* ] connects A1 near Pera Chorio with A3 by ]
* ] ] to ]
* ] connects A1 near Kofinou with A3 by ]
* ] ] to ]
* ] ] to ]

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Number of licensed vehicles<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mcw.gov.cy/mcw/PWD/PWD.nsf/All/1099BBC9002543B4C225713B00147808?Opendocument |title='&#39;Public Works Department official statistics'&#39; |publisher=Mcw.gov.cy |date=2006-03-24 |accessdate=2009-10-25}}</ref>
|-
!]
!2001
!2002
!2003
!2004
!2005
|-
|Private vehicles
|270,348
|277,554
|291,645
|324,212
|344,953
|-
|Taxis
|1,641
|1,559
|1,696
|1,770
|1,845
|-
|Rental cars
|8,080
|8,509
|9,160
|9,652
|8,336
|-
|Buses
|3,003
|2,997
|3,275
|3,199
|3,217
|-
| Light trucks (lighter than 40 tonnes)
|107,060
|106,610
|107,527
|105,017
|105,327
|-
| Heavy trucks (over 40 tonnes)
|10,882
|11,182
|12,119
|12,808
|13,028
|-
|Motorcycles (2 wheels)
|12,956
|14,983
|16,009
|16,802
|16,836
|-
|Motorcycles (3 wheels)
|42
|41
|43
|55
|558
|-
|Scooters
|28,987
|25,252
|25,464
|24,539
|22,987
|-
|'''TOTAL'''
|442,999
|448,687
|466,938
|498,054
|517,087
|}

In 1999, Cyprus had six heliports and two international airports: ] and ]. ] has been closed since 1974 and although Ercan airport was still in use it was only for flights from Turkey. Since 2006 ] has been mentioned in talks between Britain, United States and the EU for direct flights, with the EU sanctioning the opening,<ref name="bbc1">{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6114410.stm | title= Turkish Cypriots spurn EU plan | date=2006-11-06 | publisher= | accessdate=2010-01-02}}</ref> however International flights direct are still unavailable.

] in Cyprus is limited to privately run bus services (except in ]), taxis, and 'shared' taxi services (referred to locally as ''service taxis''). Per capita private car ownership is the 5th highest in the world. In 2006 extensive plans were announced to improve and expand bus services and restructure public transport throughout Cyprus, with the financial backing of the ] Development Bank. The main ]s of the island are ''] harbour'' and ''] harbour'', which service cargo, passenger, and ]s.

===Telecommunications===
{{Main|Communications in Cyprus}}
], the ] telecommunications company, manages most ] and ] connections on the island. However, following the recent ] of the sector, a few private telecommunications companies have emerged including ], ], ], ], ]and ].

==International membership==
The ] Cyprus is member of: ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cy.html |title=CIA – The World Factbook – Cyprus |publisher=Cia.gov |date=2008-12-18 |accessdate=2009-01-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/archives/enlargement_process/past_enlargements/eu10/cyprus_en.htm |title=European Commission – Enlargement: Archives Country Profiles |publisher=Ec.europa.eu |date= |accessdate=2009-01-06}}</ref>
<!--
== Notables ==
{{Multicol}}
*], ] religious leader.
*] (born 1985), tennis player.
*] (born 1922), film director known for the movies ] (1955) and '']'' (1964).
*], fashion designer.
*], cartoonist/journalist.
*], Turkish Cypriot leader.
*] (born 1968), singer.
*] (born 1949), physicist
*Sir ] (born 1967), owner of ] and self-styled "serial entrepreneur".
*] (born 1958), ] for the new-wave band ].
*] (born 1978), football player for ] and the ]'s all-time leading goalscorer.
*] (1947–1999), former Greek deputy Minister of State.
*Dr. ] (1906–1984), the first and only Turkish Cypriot Vice President of the 1960 Republic of Cyprus.
*] (born 1978), famous singer and songwriter.
{{ColBreak}}
*] (1913–1977), first President of the Republic of Cyprus.
*], international businessman most active during the 1970s and 1980s.
*] (born 1946), ] synthetic organic and natural products chemist.
*] (born 1977), football player for ] and the ].
*], three-times the ] ] during the mid-]
*], five-times the Ottoman grand-vizier during the late nineteenth and early ]
*], actor.
*] (born 1948), singer.
*] (born 1975), singer.
*], leading Turkish politician.
*] (born 1957), singer.
*], ] and author.
*], ] player.
*] (333&nbsp;BC&nbsp;- 264&nbsp;BC), ] philosopher, founder of ].
{{Multicol-end}}-->

==International rankings==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Organization
! Survey
! Ranking
|-
| ]
| ]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stateofworldliberty.org/report/rankings.html |title=The 2006 State of World Liberty Index |publisher=www.stateofworldliberty.org |accessdate=2007-12-07}}</ref>
| 9 out of 159
|-
| ]
| ] 2006<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/report.cfm |title=Human Development Report 2006 |publisher=hdr.undp.org |work=United Nations Development Program |year=2006 |accessdate=2007-04-10}}</ref><br />Human Development Index 2004<ref name=HDI>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/statistics/countries/data_sheets/cty_ds_CYP.html |title=Cyprus: Human Development Index Trends |accessdate=2007-04-28 |publisher=hdr.undp.org |work=United Nations Development Program}}</ref><br />Human Development Index 2000<ref name=HDI/>
| 29 out of 177 <br /> 29 out of 177 <br /> 29 out of 177
|-
| ]
| Worldwide Quality-of-life Index, 2005<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.economist.com/media/pdf/QUALITY_OF_LIFE.pdf |title=Worldwide Quality of Life – 2005 |publisher=www.economist.com |work=The Economist |year=2005 |accessdate=2007-04-10|format=PDF}}</ref>
| 23 out of 111
|-
| ]
| ]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.le.ac.uk/users/aw57/world/sample.html |title=A Global Projection of Subjective Well-being |publisher=www.le.ac.uk |accessdate=2007-12-07}}</ref>
| 49 out of 178
|-
| ]/'']''
| ]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/countries.cfm |title= Index of Economic Freedom |accessdate=2007-04-10 |publisher=www.heritage.org |work=Heritage Foundation & The WSJ |year=2007 }}</ref>
| 20 out of 157
|-
| ]
| ] 2006<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=19388 |title=North Korea, Turkmenistan, Eritrea the worst violators of press freedom |publisher=www.rsf.org |work=Reporters Without Borders |year=2006 |accessdate=2007-04-10}}</ref><br />Worldwide Press Freedom Index 2005<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=15331 |title=North Korea, Eritrea and Turkmenistan are the world's “black holes” for news |publisher=www.ref.org |work=Reporters without Borders |year=2005 |accessdate=2007-04-28}}</ref>
| 30 out of 168 <br /> 25(tied) out of 168
|-
| ]
| ] 2006<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/cpi_2006/cpi_table |publisher=www.transparency.org |work=Transparency International |year=2006 |accessdate=2007-04-10 |title=CPI Table}}</ref><br />Corruption Perceptions Index 2005<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.transparency.org/content/download/8101/51449/file/TIAR2005.pdf |title=Transparency International's Annual Report 2005 |year=2005 |accessdate=2007-04-28 |work=Transparency International |publisher=www.transparency.org|format=PDF}}</ref><br />Corruption Perceptions Index 2004<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.transparency.org/content/download/2274/14262/file/TI%20Annual%20Report%202004.pdf |title= Transparency International's Annual Report 2004 |year=2004 |accessdate=2006-04-28|format=PDF}}</ref>
| 37 out of 163 <br /> 37 out of 158<br /> 36 out of 145
|-
| ]
| ]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weforum.org/pdf/Global_Competitiveness_Reports/Reports/gcr_2006/gcr2006_rankings.pdf |year=2006 |accessdate=2007-04-10 |publisher=www.weforum.org |work=World Economic Forum |title=Global Competitiveness Report 2006-2007|format=PDF}}</ref>
| 46 out of 125
|-
| ]
| ]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2007/01/data/weorept.aspx?sy=2006&ey=2006&ssm=1&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=%2C&br=1&pr1.x=56&pr1.y=11&c=512%2C941%2C914%2C446%2C612%2C666%2C614%2C668%2C311%2C672%2C213%2C946%2C911%2C137%2C193%2C962%2C122%2C674%2C912%2C676%2C313%2C548%2C419%2C556%2C513%2C678%2C316%2C181%2C913%2C682%2C124%2C684%2C339%2C273%2C638%2C921%2C514%2C948%2C218%2C686%2C963%2C688%2C616%2C518%2C223%2C728%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C522%2C692%2C622%2C694%2C156%2C142%2C624%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C283%2C228%2C853%2C924%2C288%2C233%2C293%2C632%2C566%2C636%2C964%2C634%2C182%2C238%2C453%2C662%2C968%2C960%2C922%2C423%2C714%2C935%2C862%2C128%2C716%2C611%2C456%2C321%2C722%2C243%2C965%2C248%2C718%2C469%2C724%2C253%2C576%2C642%2C936%2C643%2C961%2C939%2C813%2C644%2C199%2C819%2C184%2C172%2C524%2C132%2C361%2C646%2C362%2C648%2C364%2C915%2C732%2C134%2C366%2C652%2C734%2C174%2C144%2C328%2C146%2C258%2C463%2C656%2C528%2C654%2C923%2C336%2C738%2C263%2C578%2C268%2C537%2C532%2C742%2C944%2C866%2C176%2C369%2C534%2C744%2C536%2C186%2C429%2C925%2C178%2C746%2C436%2C926%2C136%2C466%2C343%2C112%2C158%2C111%2C439%2C298%2C916%2C927%2C664%2C846%2C826%2C299%2C542%2C582%2C443%2C474%2C917%2C754%2C544%2C698&s=NGDPDPC&grp=0&a=#download |title=Gross domestic product per capita, current prices |accessdate=2007-05-04 |date= |work= International Monetary Fund |publisher= }}</ref>
| 31 out of 180
|-
| ]/]
| ] 2005<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yale.edu/esi/ESI2005_Main_Report.pdf |title=Environmental Sustainability Index |accessdate=2007-04-27 |year=2005 |work= Yale and Columbia University |publisher=www.yale.edu |format=PDF}}</ref>
| not ranked
|-
| ]
| Labor strikes<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/lab_str-labor-strikes |title=Labor Statistics: Strikes by Country |accessdate=2007-04-27 |date= |work= Nation Master |publisher=www.nationmaster.com }}</ref>
| not ranked
|-
| ] / ]
| Globalisation Index 2006<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.atkearney.com/shared_res/pdf/Globalization-Index_FP_Nov-Dec-06_S.pdf |accessdate=2007-04-27 |year=2006 |publisher=www.atkearney.com |work=A.T. Kearney/FOREIGN POLICY |title=A.T. Kearney/Foreign Policy Globalisation Index 2006|format=PDF}}</ref><br /> Globalisation Index 2005<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.atkearney.com/shared_res/pdf/2005G-index.pdf |year=2005 |accessdate=2007-04-27 |publisher=www.atkearney.com |work= A.T. Kearney/FOREIGN POLICY |title= A.T. Kearney/Foreign Policy Magazine Globalisation Index 2005|format=PDF}}</ref><br /> Globalisation Index 2004<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.atkearney.com/shared_res/pdf/2004G-index.pdf |title=A.T. Kearney/Foreign Policy Magazine Globalisation Index 2004 |year=2004 |accessdate=2007-04-27 |publisher=www.atkearney.com |work=A.T. Kearney/FOREIGN POLICY|format=PDF}}</ref>
| <br /> not ranked <br />
|}

==See also==
{{portal|Cyprus|Flag of Cyprus.svg}}
{{Portal|Geography|Terrestrial_globe.svg}}
*]
*]
*]
*]

==References==
;Notes
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |author=Hitchens, Christopher|title=Hostage to History: Cyprus from the Ottomans to Kissinger |publisher=Verso |year=1997 |isbn= 1-85984-189-9}}
* {{cite book |author=Brewin, Christopher|title=European Union and Cyprus |publisher=Eothen Press |year=2000 |isbn= 0-906719-24-0}}
* {{cite book |author=Dods, Clement (ed.)|title=Cyprus: The Need for New Perspectives |publisher=The Eothen Press |year=1999 |isbn= 0-906719-23-2}}
* {{cite book |author=Durrell, Lawrence|title=Bitter Lemons |publisher=Faber and Faber |year=1957 |isbn= 0-571201-55-5}}
* {{cite book |author=Faustmann, Hubert and Nicos Peristianis|title=Britain and Cyprus: Colonialism and Post-Colonialism, 1878–2006 |publisher=Bibliopolis |year=2006 |isbn= 978-3-93392-536-7}}
* {{cite book |author=Gibbons, Harry Scott|title=The Genocide Files |publisher=Charles Bravos Publishers |year=1997 |isbn= 0-9514464-2-8}}
* {{cite book |author=Hannay, David|title=Cyprus: The Search for a Solution |publisher=] |year=2005 |isbn= 1-85043-665-7}}
* {{cite book |author=Ker-Lindsay, James|title=EU Accession and UN Peacemaking in Cyprus |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2005 |isbn= 1-4039-9690-3}}
* {{cite book |author=Ker-Lindsay, James and Hubert Faustmann|title=The Government and Politics of Cyprus |publisher=Peter Lang |year=2009 |isbn= 978-3-03911-096-4}}
* {{cite book |author=Leventis Yiorghos,|title=Cyprus: The Struggle for Self-Determination in the 1940s|publisher=Peter Lang |year=2002 |isbn= 3-631-38411-4 |usisbn= 0-8204-5428-1}}
* {{cite book |author=Leventis Yiorghos, Murata Sawayanagi Nanako, Hazama Yasushi|title=Crossing Over Cyprus|publisher=Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA) Tokyo University of Foreign Studies (TUFS)|year=2008 |isbn= 978-4-86337-003-6}}
* {{cite book |author=Mirbagheri, Farid|title=Cyprus and International Peacemaking |publisher=Hurst |year=1989 |isbn= 1-85065-354-2}}
* {{cite book |author=Nicolet, Claude|title=United States Policy Towards Cyprus, 1954–1974 |publisher=Bibliopolis |year=2001 |isbn= 3-933925-20-7}}
* {{cite book |author=Oberling, Pierre|title=The Road to Bellapais |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=1982 |isbn= 0-88033-000-7}}
* {{cite book |author=O'Malley, Brendan and Ian Craig|title=The Cyprus Conspiracy |publisher=] |year=1999 |isbn= 1-86064-737-5}}
* {{cite book |author=Palley, Claire|title=An International Relations Debacle: The UN Secretary-General's Mission of Good Offices in Cyprus, 1999–2004 |publisher=Hart Publishing |year=2005 |isbn= 1-84113-578-X}}
* {{cite book |author=Papadakis, Yiannis|title=Echoes from the Dead Zone: Across the Cyprus Divide |publisher=] |year=2005 |isbn= 1-85043-428-X}}
* {{cite book |author=Plumer, Aytug|title=Cyprus, 1963–64: The Fateful Years|publisher=Cyrep (Lefkosa) |year=2003 | isbn= 975-6912-18-9}}
* {{cite book |author=Richmond, Oliver|title=Mediating in Cyprus |publisher=Frank Cass |year=1998 |isbn= 0-7146-4431-5}}
* {{cite book |author=Richmond, Oliver and James Ker-Lindsay (eds.)|title=The Work of the UN in Cyprus: Promoting Peace and Development |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2001 |isbn= 0-333-91271-3}}
* {{cite book |author=Tocci, Nathalie|title=EU Accession Dynamics and Conflict Resolution: Catalysing Peace or Consolidating Partition in Cyprus? |publisher=Ashgate |year=2004 |isbn= 0-7546-4310-7}}
* {{cite book |author=Anastasiou, Harry|title=Broken Olive Branch: Nationalism Ethnic Conflict and the Quest for Peace in Cyprus |publisher=Syracuse University Press |year=2008 |isbn= 0815631960}}

==External links==
{{sisterlinks|Cyprus}}

; Government
*
*
*
*
*
* at annanplan.com
*
*

;Tourism
* – the official travel portal for Cyprus
* – the official portal of the European Travel Commission

; General information
*{{CIA World Factbook link|cy|Cyprus}}
* from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs''
* information from the ] includes Background Notes, Country Study and major reports
*{{dmoz|Regional/Middle_East/Cyprus}}
*

; Official publications
*.
*
*
*
*The Republic of Cyprus Press and Information Office,
*{{cite news|last=www |first=By |url=http://www.noitikiantistasis.com/wordpress |title=Noitiki Antistasis |publisher=Noitikiantistasis.com |date=2009-01-06 |accessdate=2009-01-06}} Non-affiliated news website focusing mainly on the effect of globalisation and foreign interests on the Cyprus problem
*
<br />
*{{loc}}
*{{CIA World Factbook}}
*
*

{{Template group
|title = Geographic locale
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{{Countries of Asia}}
{{Countries of Europe}}
{{Countries of Southwest Asia}}
{{Countries and territories bordering the Mediterranean Sea}}
{{Countries and territories of the Middle East}}
}}
{{Template group
|title = International membership
|list =
{{Members of the European Union (EU)}}
{{Council of Europe}}
{{World Trade Organization (WTO)}}
{{Commonwealth of Nations}}
{{Non-Aligned Movement}}
}}
{{First Journey of Paul of Tarsus}}
{{Cyprus topics|state=collapsed}}

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Revision as of 17:27, 24 March 2010

Pro. (Si-Pruhs)N. The wife of Obama. Born in 2005 and raised in Austrailia by a group of Kangaroos. At the age of 19 she was shipped to an American zoo in New York where Obama found her and raised her as his pet. About three months later Obama found out she was a human and they got married. He later ran for president and won because Sarah Palin's daughter became prego (Pregnant) and a whale ate a jellyfish named Eugene nine months later.

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