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| According to ] the purpose of the parade was to display the power of the newly formed ] to the whole world.<ref name=Gazieta></ref> The source also notes that the commander of the Polish sources which defended Brześć against the Nazis, General ], was arrested by the ] and sent to the Soviet prison camp in ] and later executed in the ].<ref name=Gazieta/> | According to ] the purpose of the parade was to display the power of the newly formed ] to the whole world.<ref name=Gazieta></ref> The source also notes that the commander of the Polish sources which defended Brześć against the Nazis, General ], was arrested by the ] and sent to the Soviet prison camp in ] and later executed in the ].<ref name=Gazieta/> | ||
| The parade in Brześć was not the only one that was held by joint Soviet and Nazi forces. Similar parades were held in ] and ].<ref name=Gazieta/> After the parade, which ] described as ''amicable'',<ref>Niall Ferguson, The War of the World, The Penguin Press, New York 2006, page 418</ref> the Germans withdrew to the western bank of the ], and the Russians took over the city, as well as whole ]. | The parade in Brześć was not the only one that was held by joint Soviet and Nazi forces. Similar parades were held in ] and ].<ref name=Gazieta/>{{dubious}} After the parade, which ] described as ''amicable'',<ref>Niall Ferguson, The War of the World, The Penguin Press, New York 2006, page 418</ref> the Germans withdrew to the western bank of the ], and the Russians took over the city, as well as whole ]. | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 02:05, 8 September 2009
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The Nazi-Soviet military parade was a joint military parade by the troops of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union on September 22, 1939, which took place in Brześć nad Bugiem (or Brześć Litewski, then in the Second Polish Republic, now Brest in Belarus). The Nazi and Soviet troops were reviewed by Hans Guderian, for the Germans and Vasily Chuikov and Semyon Krivoshein for the Soviets. Both sides saluted each other, and celebrated their partition of Poland.
The parade, which took place on Union of Lublin street (ulica Unii Lubelskiej), the main road of the city, was the result of the signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact by Hitler and Stalin, of which the secret protocol partitioned Eastern Europe between the allied Nazi Germany and Soviet Union. The Soviet and German invading armies, after crushing the Polish resistance in the battle of Brześć, met in Brześć on the 18th of September, one day after the Soviet invasion of Poland and eighteen days after the Nazi invasion of Poland. The Soviet and Nazi generals present paid homage to each others armies and their respective victories over Polish forces. The parade was part of the ceremony which marked the voluntary handing over of the Brześć fortress by the Soviet troops to the Germans, as part of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact.
According to Krivoshein, after receiving the order to invade Poland on September 17, his units approached Baranowice, as part of Chuikov's 4th Army. After taking the town and capturing a few thousand Polish soldiers who were stationed there, his units kept on moving westward. Soon they were approached by 12 German officers who identified themselves as part of Guderian's XIX Corps and who explained that they too were moving in the direction of Brześć. Through them Krivoshein sent warm greetings to the German general and made sure to approach Brześć from the opposite direction than that taken by the Wehrmacht. Upon approaching the town, Krivoshein realized that German troops were already busy looting the town and that Guderian had already established his headquarters there. He sent his representatives to him. Soon afterward Guderian arrived, and in the person of Krivoshein greeted the "victorious Red Army". He proposed a joint parade of Soviet and German troops through the town. Because the Soviet troops were tired after a long march, Krivoshein promised to supply the military band and a few battalions but agreed to Guderian's request that both German and Soviet officers both stand and review the parade together.
The parade began at 4 p.m., and the "Victory Arches" were erected which the Soviet troops decorated with swastikas and red stars, and through which German troops marched. The Soviets fielded the 29th Light Tank Brigade, which was the first unit of the Red Army to roll into the city. The Brigade had hardly seen any combat, because most of the fighting had already been over by the time the Soviets arrived in Brześć.
According to Novaya Gazeta the purpose of the parade was to display the power of the newly formed Soviet-Nazi alliance to the whole world. The source also notes that the commander of the Polish sources which defended Brześć against the Nazis, General Konstanty Plisowski, was arrested by the NKVD and sent to the Soviet prison camp in Starobielsk and later executed in the Katyn massacre.
The parade in Brześć was not the only one that was held by joint Soviet and Nazi forces. Similar parades were held in Pinsk and Grodno. After the parade, which Niall Ferguson described as amicable, the Germans withdrew to the western bank of the Bug, and the Russians took over the city, as well as whole Eastern Poland.
References
- Oscar Pinkus, "The war aims and strategies of Adolf Hitler", McFarland, 2005, pg. 77,
- Steven J. Zaloga, Howard Gerrard, "Poland 1939: The Birth of Blitzkrieg", Osprey Publishing, 2002, pg. 83,
- The Holocaust encyclopedia, Part 804 By Walter Laqueur, Judith Tydor Baumel, page 585
- Richard C. Raack, "Stalin's drive to the West, 1938-1945: the origins of the Cold War", Stanford University Press, 1995, pg. 58,
- ^ http://img230.imageshack.us/img230/4421/llllpzf.jpg Janusz Magnuski, Maksym Kolomijec "Czerwony Blitzkrieg. Wrzesien 1939: Sowieckie Wojska Pancerne w Polsce" ("Red Blitzkrieg. September 1939: Soviet armored troops in Poland"). Wydawnictwo Pelta, Warszawa 1994 ISBN 8385314032 Scan of page 72 of the book.
- Richard C. Raack, "Stalin's drive to the West, 1938-1945: the origins of the Cold War", Stanford University Press, 1995, pg. 39,
- ^ ""Nowaja Gazieta" o paradzie w Brześciu w 1939 roku", PAP
- Niall Ferguson, The War of the World, The Penguin Press, New York 2006, page 418
External links
Media related to German and Soviet parade in 1939 at Wikimedia Commons
- German newsreel of the parade
- A collection of photos illustrating Soviet-Nazi cooperation in September 1939. Official webpage of the Institute of National Rememberance
| Nazi German–Soviet relations before 1941 | |
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