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Świdnica became a town in 1250, although no founding document has survived that would confirm this fact. In the beginning, the town belonged to the Duchy of ] (Breslau) and experienced two important privileges conducive to its development.{{Fact|date=September 2007}} By 1290, Świdnica had city walls and six gates, crafts and trade were blossoming, and it had become the capital of the Duchy of Świdnica. City was in 1291 - 1392 capital of ]. Świdnica began as a Slavic settlement at the crossroads of two trade routes and was incorporated as a town in 1250, although no founding document has survived that would confirm this fact. In the beginning, the town belonged to the Duchy of ] (Breslau) and experienced two important privileges conducive to its development.{{Fact|date=September 2007}} By 1290, Świdnica had city walls and six gates, crafts and trade were blossoming, and it had become the capital of the Duchy of Świdnica. City was in 1291 - 1392 capital of ].


At the end of the 14th century the city was under rule of the Kingdom of ], and a long period of growth began. The last Piast duke was ], and after his death in 1368 land was held by his wife until 1392; after her death they were incorporated into the lands of Bohemia by ]. In 1493, the town is recorded by ] in his ] as ''Schwednitz''<ref>See ] on ].</ref> along with ''Neyß'', ''Oppel'', ''Liegnitz'', ''Teschen'', ''Frankenstein'' etc. all in ]. At the end of the 14th century the city was under rule of the Kingdom of ], and a long period of growth began. The last Polish Piast duke was ], and after his death in 1368 land was held by his wife until 1392; after her death they were incorporated into the lands of Bohemia by ]. In 1493, the town is recorded by ] in his ] as ''Schwednitz''<ref>See ] on ].</ref> along with ''Neyß'', ''Oppel'', ''Liegnitz'', ''Teschen'', ''Frankenstein'' etc. all in ].


In 1471, there were 47 trade guilds in operation, nearly 300 homes had the rights to brew beer, and large cattle and hops fairs were organized. The beer was distributed in many European cities, including Breslau, ], ], ], and ]. The beer was offered in pubs. In 1471, there were 47 trade guilds in operation, nearly 300 homes had the rights to brew beer, and large cattle and hops fairs were organized. The beer was distributed in many European cities, including Breslau, ], ], ], and ]. The beer was offered in pubs.
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In 1526, all of ], including Schweidnitz, came under the rule of the ]. The city of Schweidnitz was in the surrounding Duchy of Schweidnitz. The ] (1618–48) ravaged the Duchy. The town was annexed by the ] during the ]. It was subsequently turned into a ]. Schweidnitz became part of the Prussian-led ] in 1871 during the ]. In 1526, all of ], including Schweidnitz, came under the rule of the ]. The city of Schweidnitz was in the surrounding Duchy of Schweidnitz. The ] (1618–48) ravaged the Duchy. The town was annexed by the ] during the ]. It was subsequently turned into a ]. Schweidnitz became part of the Prussian-led ] in 1871 during the ].


The town was placed under Polish administration according to the post-war ] in 1945 and renamed ''Świdnica''. The German population who had not fled during the war were subsequently ] and replaced with ], many of whom had been expelled themselves from ]. The town became part of Poland according to the post-war ] in 1945 and reverted to its original name ''Świdnica''. The German population who had not fled during the war were subsequently ] and replaced with ], most of whom had been expelled themselves from ].


==Sights== ==Sights==

Revision as of 03:54, 20 June 2009

For the village of the same name, see Świdnica, Lubusz Voivodeship.
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Place in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland
Świdnica
Old townOld town
Coat of arms of ŚwidnicaCoat of arms
Country Poland
VoivodeshipLower Silesian
CountyŚwidnica County
GminaŚwidnica (urban gmina)
Established990
City rights1267
Government
 • MayorWojciech Murdzek
Area
 • Total22 km (8 sq mi)
Elevation250 m (820 ft)
Population
 • Total60,354
 • Density2,700/km (7,100/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code58-100 to 58-106
Area code+48 74
Car platesDSW
Websitehttp://www.um.swidnica.pl

Świdnica Template:IPAr (Template:Lang-de; Template:Lang-cs) is a town in south-western Poland. It has a population of 60,317 according to 2006 figures. It lies in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, being the seventh largest town in that voivodeship. From 1975–98 it was in the former Wałbrzych Voivodeship. It is now the seat of Świdnica County, and also of the smaller district of Gmina Świdnica (although it is not part of the territory of the latter, as the town forms a separate urban gmina).

History

Cathedral of St. Stanislav and St. Vaclav
Old Town

Świdnica began as a Slavic settlement at the crossroads of two trade routes and was incorporated as a town in 1250, although no founding document has survived that would confirm this fact. In the beginning, the town belonged to the Duchy of Wrocław (Breslau) and experienced two important privileges conducive to its development. By 1290, Świdnica had city walls and six gates, crafts and trade were blossoming, and it had become the capital of the Duchy of Świdnica. City was in 1291 - 1392 capital of Duchy of Świdnica.

At the end of the 14th century the city was under rule of the Kingdom of Bohemia, and a long period of growth began. The last Polish Piast duke was Bolko II of Świdnica, and after his death in 1368 land was held by his wife until 1392; after her death they were incorporated into the lands of Bohemia by Wenceslaus, King of the Romans. In 1493, the town is recorded by Hartmann Schedel in his Nuremberg Chronicle as Schwednitz along with Neyß, Oppel, Liegnitz, Teschen, Frankenstein etc. all in Silesia.

In 1471, there were 47 trade guilds in operation, nearly 300 homes had the rights to brew beer, and large cattle and hops fairs were organized. The beer was distributed in many European cities, including Breslau, Prague, Heidelberg, Kraków, and Pisa. The beer was offered in pubs.

In 1526, all of Silesia, including Schweidnitz, came under the rule of the Habsburg Monarchy. The city of Schweidnitz was in the surrounding Duchy of Schweidnitz. The Thirty Years' War (1618–48) ravaged the Duchy. The town was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia during the First Silesian War. It was subsequently turned into a fortress. Schweidnitz became part of the Prussian-led German Empire in 1871 during the unification of Germany.

The town became part of Poland according to the post-war Potsdam Conference in 1945 and reverted to its original name Świdnica. The German population who had not fled during the war were subsequently expelled westward and replaced with Poles, most of whom had been expelled themselves from Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union.

Sights

Church of Peace

The Gothic Church of Ss. Stanislav and Vaclav from the 14th century has the highest tower in Silesia, standing 103 meters tall. The Evangelical Church of Peace, a UNESCO Heritage site, was built from 1656–57. The 16th century town hall has been renovated numerous times and combines Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque architectural elements. The Baroque Church of St. Joseph and the Church of St. Christopher are from the same era. One remaining element of the former defensive works is the Chapel of St. Barbara. Other sights include the old town and the Stary rynek square.

Notable residents

Town hall

Education

Świdnica is home to a College of Data Communications Technology (Wyższa Szkoła Technologii Teleinformatycznych).

In 2003 Świdnica hosted a session of the Warsaw-based International Chapter of the Order of Smile, when a Child Friendship Centre was established. Świdnica was officially titled the "Capital of Children's Dreams".

References

  1. See Die Schedelsche Weltchronik on German Wikisource.

External links

Media related to Świdnica at Wikimedia Commons

Gminas of Świdnica County
Urban gminas Coat of arms of Świdnica County
Urban-rural gminas
Rural gminas
Gmina Świdnica
Villages Coat of arms
Seat (not part of the gmina)

50°51′N 16°29′E / 50.850°N 16.483°E / 50.850; 16.483

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