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This is '''demographic history of ]'''.
This is '''demographic history of ]'''. This article contains data from various population censuses conducted in the region of Bačka during the history. Censuses from 1715 to 1910 are containing data about population of the entire Bačka, while censuses from 1921 to 2002 are containing data about population of the Yugoslav/Serbian part of Bačka.


==Overview== ===Overview===
Before the Hungarian conquest in the 10th century, Bačka was mainly populated by ]. <ref>Andrija Bognar, Položaj Mađara u Vojvodini od 1918. do 1995., Međunarodni znanstveni skup "Jugoistočna Europa 1918.-1995.", Zadar, 28.-30. rujna 1995.</ref> In the 11th century, the region had mixed ]-] population. During ] rule, the native Slavic population mostly lost its Slavic language and culture and was assimilated into Hungarians. <ref>Lazar Stipić, Istina o Mađarima, Novi Sad - Srbinje, 2004.</ref> Since the 14th century, Slavic Serbs started to migrate to this region from Balkans. In the outset of the 16th century, before the ] conquest, the largest part of population of Bačka were Hungarians, and the smaller part of population were Slavs. After the Ottoman conquest, most of the Hungarian and Catholic Slavic population fled from the area, and new Orthodox settlers (], ], etc) as well as many Muslims of various ethnic origins settled in the area. During Ottoman rule, the region was mainly populated by ], who mostly lived in villages, while cities were populated by various Muslim and Christian ethnic groups including Serbs, Turks, Roma, Greeks, Cincars, Arabs, Bosniaks, as well as Jews. During the Habsburg rule, in the 17th and 18th century, new wave of Serb settlers came to the area. During the 18th and 19th century, many Hungarian, ], and other (], ], etc) colonists came to the area, which thus became ethnically mixed with population composed mostly of Serbs, Hungarians, and Germans. Before the Hungarian conquest in the 10th century, Bačka was mainly populated by ]. <ref>Andrija Bognar, Položaj Mađara u Vojvodini od 1918. do 1995., Međunarodni znanstveni skup "Jugoistočna Europa 1918.-1995.", Zadar, 28.-30. rujna 1995.</ref> In the 11th century, the region had mixed ]-] population. During ] rule, the native Slavic population mostly lost its Slavic language and culture and was assimilated into Hungarians. <ref>Lazar Stipić, Istina o Mađarima, Novi Sad - Srbinje, 2004.</ref> Since the 14th century, Slavic Serbs started to migrate to this region from Balkans. In the outset of the 16th century, before the ] conquest, the largest part of population of Bačka were Hungarians, and the smaller part of population were Slavs. After the Ottoman conquest, most of the Hungarian and Catholic Slavic population fled from the area, and new Orthodox (] and ]) settlers as well as many Muslims of various ethnic origins settled in the area. During Ottoman rule, the region was mainly populated by ], who mostly lived in villages, while cities were populated by various Muslim and Christian ethnic groups including Serbs, Turks, Roma, Greeks, Cincars, Arabs, Bosniaks, as well as Jews. During the Habsburg rule, in the 17th and 18th century, new wave of Serb settlers came to the area. During the 18th and 19th century, many Hungarian, ], and other (], ], etc) colonists came to the area, which thus became ethnically mixed with population composed mostly of Serbs, Hungarians, and Germans.


==Entire (historical) Bačka==


===1715=== ==1820==
⚫ By ] the population of the ] reached 387,914 in total population.
According to the Austrian census from ], there was 58 settlements in Bačka (excluding 18 settlements from military frontier). Largest places in Bačka in this time were Baja (with 237 recorded houses) and Futog (with 137 recorded houses). <ref>Ivan Jakšić, Iz popisa stanovništva Ugarske početkom XVIII veka, Novi Sad, 1966, page 18</ref>
⚫ *] and ] and ] = 170,942 (44%)
⚫ *] = 121.688 (31%)
*] = 91.016 (23%) <ref>Jovan Pejin, Velikomađarski kapric, Zrenjanin, 2007. (page 28)</ref>


⚫ ==1860==
This census recorded all inhabitants of Bačka that had to pay taxes to authorities, excluding those that were not obligated to pay taxes (for example people that did not had their own house or people that served as soldiers in the military frontier) as well as those that were hidding from authorities with goal to avoid tax paying.


⚫ ==1880==
1715 census did not recorded ethnicity or language of the citizens, but analysys of names and surnames of the people from census results provided data about approximate ethnic composition of the area, which was as follows: <ref>Andrija Bognar, Položaj Mađara u Vojvodini od 1918. do 1995., Međunarodni znanstveni skup "Jugoistočna Europa 1918.-1995.", Zadar, 28.-30. rujna 1995.</ref> <ref>http://hic.hr/books/seeurope/011e-bognar.htm</ref>
*97.6% people with ] (], ], ]) names and surnames
*1.9% (or 530 people) with ] names and surnames
*0.5% people with ] names and surnames


===1720=== ==1890==
The 1720 census recorded 104,569 citizens in the Bačka region. Unlike census from 1715, this census recorded inhabitants of the military frontier as well (thus, census results also include frontiersmen from the city of Szeged, who were also under jurisdiction of the military frontier).


⚫ ==1900==
1720 census also did not recorded ethnicity or language of the citizens, but analysys of names and surnames of the people from census results provided data about approximate ethnic composition of the area, which was as follows: <ref>Jovan Pejin, Velikomađarski kapric, Zrenjanin, 2007. (page 28)</ref>
*98,000 (94%) people with ] names and surnames, of which:
**76,000 (73%) people with ] (]) names and surnames
**22,000 (21%) people with ] (] and ]) names and surnames
*5,019 people with ] names and surnames
*750 people with ] names and surnames


===1820=== ==1910==
⚫ By ] the population of the ] reached 387,914 in total population, and included following ethnicities: <ref>Jovan Pejin, Velikomađarski kapric, Zrenjanin, 2007. (page 28)</ref>
⚫ *] (], ], ]) = 170,942 (44%)
⚫ *] = 121,688 (31%)
*] = 91,016 (23%)

⚫ ===1860===

⚫ ===1880===

===1890===

⚫ ===1900===

===1910===


According to the census of 1910, ] had 812,385 inhabitants. Population by mother language (1910 census): <ref></ref> According to the census of 1910, ] had 812,385 inhabitants. Population by mother language (1910 census): <ref></ref>
Line 52: Line 31:
*other languages = 70,545 (including ] and ]) *other languages = 70,545 (including ] and ])


As for the geographical distribution of the three largest ethnic groups in 1910, ] mainly lived in northern parts of the region, ] in western, and ] in the southern parts. ] (Serbian: ]), city in the southern part of the region, was the cultural and political centre of the Serb people in the 18th and 19th century. After the end of the ], the territory of the county was divided between the ] (]) and ]. As for the geographical distribution of the three largest ethnic groups in 1910, ] mainly lived in northern parts of the region, ] in western, and ] in the southern parts. ] (Serbian: ]), city in the southern part of the region, was the cultural and political centre of the Serb people in the 18th and 19th century.

==Yugoslav/Serbian Bačka==


===1921=== ==1921==


According to the Yugoslav census of 1921, Yugoslav part of Bačka had a population of 735,117, of whom: <ref>http://www.hungarian-history.hu/lib/romsics/w25.htm</ref> According to the Yugoslav census of 1921, Yugoslav part of Bačka had a population of 735,117, of whom: <ref>http://www.hungarian-history.hu/lib/romsics/w25.htm</ref>
Line 68: Line 45:
Of the 105 communes in the Yugoslav Bačka, the ] were in a majority in 36, the ] in 31, the ] in 23, and the ] in 7, while in 8 communes no one language-group predominated. Of the eleven administrative districts into which the Yugoslav Bačka was divided, the German-speaking communes were in a majority in ] and ], the ] and ] in ] and ] and the Magyar in ] and ]. In the remaining five districts, the communes of no single language group were in predominance. Of the 105 communes in the Yugoslav Bačka, the ] were in a majority in 36, the ] in 31, the ] in 23, and the ] in 7, while in 8 communes no one language-group predominated. Of the eleven administrative districts into which the Yugoslav Bačka was divided, the German-speaking communes were in a majority in ] and ], the ] and ] in ] and ] and the Magyar in ] and ]. In the remaining five districts, the communes of no single language group were in predominance.


===1931=== ==1931==


According to the ], Yugoslav part of Bačka had a population of 784,896, of whom: According to the ], Yugoslav part of Bačka had a population of 784,896, of whom:
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*others. *others.


===1941=== ==1941==


According to Hungarian census from end of 1941, population of Yugoslav part of Bačka numbered 789,705 inhabitants, of whom: <ref></ref> According to Hungarian census from end of 1941, population of Yugoslav part of Bačka numbered 789,705 inhabitants, of whom: <ref></ref>
Line 90: Line 67:
(*) Total number of speakers of South Slavic languages (Serbian and Croatian) was 213,572 (27.05%). (*) Total number of speakers of South Slavic languages (Serbian and Croatian) was 213,572 (27.05%).


===1948=== ==1948==


According to the Yugoslav census of 1948, Yugoslav Bačka had a population of 807,122, including: According to the Yugoslav census of 1948, Yugoslav Bačka had a population of 807,122, including:
Line 102: Line 79:
* others. * others.


===1953=== ==1953==


According to the Yugoslav census of 1953, Yugoslav part of Bačka had a population of 831,945, including: According to the Yugoslav census of 1953, Yugoslav part of Bačka had a population of 831,945, including:
Line 112: Line 89:
* others. * others.


===1961=== ==1961==


According to the Yugoslav census of 1961, Yugoslav part of Bačka had a population of 920,600, including: According to the Yugoslav census of 1961, Yugoslav part of Bačka had a population of 920,600, including:
Line 121: Line 98:
* others. * others.


===1971=== ==1971==


According to the Yugoslav census of 1971, the population of Yugoslav Bačka numbered 960,001 people, including: <ref>Dr. Branislav Bukurov, Bačka, Banat i Srem, Novi Sad, 1978.</ref> According to the Yugoslav census of 1971, the population of Yugoslav Bačka numbered 960,001 people, including: <ref>Dr. Branislav Bukurov, Bačka, Banat i Srem, Novi Sad, 1978.</ref>
Line 133: Line 110:
*others. *others.


===1981=== ==1981==


According to the Yugoslav census of 1981, the population of Yugoslav Bačka numbered 1,012,112 people, including: According to the Yugoslav census of 1981, the population of Yugoslav Bačka numbered 1,012,112 people, including:
Line 144: Line 121:
* others. * others.


===1991=== ==1991==


According to the Yugoslav census of 1991, the population of Yugoslav Bačka numbered 1,007,179 people, including: According to the Yugoslav census of 1991, the population of Yugoslav Bačka numbered 1,007,179 people, including:
Line 155: Line 132:
* others. * others.


===2002=== ==2001/2002==
⚫ According to the Yugoslav census of ] in Yugoslav part of Bačka has been living 1,022,524 people and is composed of: <ref>Popis stanovništva, domaćinstava i stanova 2002. Knjiga 1: Nacionalna ili etnička pripadnost po naseljima. Republika Srbija, Republički zavod za statistiku Beograd 2003. ISBN 86-84443-00-09</ref>
⚫ ]
⚫ According to the Yugoslav census of ] in Yugoslav part of Bačka has been living 1,022,524 people and its population is composed of: <ref>Popis stanovništva, domaćinstava i stanova 2002. Knjiga 1: Nacionalna ili etnička pripadnost po naseljima. Republika Srbija, Republički zavod za statistiku Beograd 2003. ISBN 86-84443-00-09</ref>
* 559,700 (54.74%) ] * 559,700 (54.74%) ]
* 221,882 (21.70%) ] * 221,882 (21.70%) ]
* others (including ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], etc). * others (including ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], etc).


==Hungarian Bácska==

===2001===
According to Hungarian census of ] census in ], in Hungarian Bácska (including districts of ], ]i, and ]i) was living 113,432 people. Note that administrative borders of the districts do not fully correspond with the geographical borders of Hungarian Bácska. Most of the inhabitants of Hungarian Bácska are ethnic ]. According to Hungarian census of ] census in ], in Hungarian Bácska (including districts of ], ]i, and ]i) was living 113,432 people. Note that administrative borders of the districts do not fully correspond with the geographical borders of Hungarian Bácska. Most of the inhabitants of Hungarian Bácska are ethnic ].
⚫ ]


==Census methodology== ==Census methodology==

Revision as of 00:21, 23 May 2009

This is demographic history of Bačka.

Overview

Before the Hungarian conquest in the 10th century, Bačka was mainly populated by Slavs. In the 11th century, the region had mixed Slavic-Hungarian population. During Hungarian rule, the native Slavic population mostly lost its Slavic language and culture and was assimilated into Hungarians. Since the 14th century, Slavic Serbs started to migrate to this region from Balkans. In the outset of the 16th century, before the Ottoman conquest, the largest part of population of Bačka were Hungarians, and the smaller part of population were Slavs. After the Ottoman conquest, most of the Hungarian and Catholic Slavic population fled from the area, and new Orthodox (Serbs and Vlachs) settlers as well as many Muslims of various ethnic origins settled in the area. During Ottoman rule, the region was mainly populated by Serbs, who mostly lived in villages, while cities were populated by various Muslim and Christian ethnic groups including Serbs, Turks, Roma, Greeks, Cincars, Arabs, Bosniaks, as well as Jews. During the Habsburg rule, in the 17th and 18th century, new wave of Serb settlers came to the area. During the 18th and 19th century, many Hungarian, German, and other (Slovak, Rusyn, etc) colonists came to the area, which thus became ethnically mixed with population composed mostly of Serbs, Hungarians, and Germans.


1820

By 1820 the population of the Bács-Bodrog County reached 387,914 in total population.

1860

1880

1890

1900

1910

According to the census of 1910, Bács-Bodrog County had 812,385 inhabitants. Population by mother language (1910 census):

As for the geographical distribution of the three largest ethnic groups in 1910, Hungarians mainly lived in northern parts of the region, Germans in western, and Serbs in the southern parts. Újvidék (Serbian: Novi Sad), city in the southern part of the region, was the cultural and political centre of the Serb people in the 18th and 19th century.

1921

According to the Yugoslav census of 1921, Yugoslav part of Bačka had a population of 735,117, of whom:

Of the 105 communes in the Yugoslav Bačka, the Germans were in a majority in 36, the Yugoslavs in 31, the Magyars in 23, and the Slovaks in 7, while in 8 communes no one language-group predominated. Of the eleven administrative districts into which the Yugoslav Bačka was divided, the German-speaking communes were in a majority in Odžaci and Palanka, the Serb and Croat in Žabalj and Titel and the Magyar in Senta and Topola. In the remaining five districts, the communes of no single language group were in predominance.

1931

According to the Yugoslav census of 1931, Yugoslav part of Bačka had a population of 784,896, of whom:

1941

According to Hungarian census from end of 1941, population of Yugoslav part of Bačka numbered 789,705 inhabitants, of whom:

(*) Total number of speakers of South Slavic languages (Serbian and Croatian) was 213,572 (27.05%).

1948

According to the Yugoslav census of 1948, Yugoslav Bačka had a population of 807,122, including:

1953

According to the Yugoslav census of 1953, Yugoslav part of Bačka had a population of 831,945, including:

1961

According to the Yugoslav census of 1961, Yugoslav part of Bačka had a population of 920,600, including:

1971

According to the Yugoslav census of 1971, the population of Yugoslav Bačka numbered 960,001 people, including:

1981

According to the Yugoslav census of 1981, the population of Yugoslav Bačka numbered 1,012,112 people, including:

1991

According to the Yugoslav census of 1991, the population of Yugoslav Bačka numbered 1,007,179 people, including:

2001/2002

According to the Yugoslav census of 2002 in Yugoslav part of Bačka has been living 1,022,524 people and is composed of:

According to Hungarian census of 2001 census in Hungary, in Hungarian Bácska (including districts of Bajai, Bácsalmási, and Jánoshalmai) was living 113,432 people. Note that administrative borders of the districts do not fully correspond with the geographical borders of Hungarian Bácska. Most of the inhabitants of Hungarian Bácska are ethnic Hungarians.

Ethnic map of Serbian Bačka (2002 census)

Census methodology

First censuses conducted in Bačka were Ottoman tax records (defters) from 1554, 1570 and 1590. These tax records recorded only those inhabitants of Bačka that payed taxes to the Ottoman authorities, while those inhabitants that did not had to pay taxes (for example those that were in Ottoman service) were not listed in tax records.

During the Habsburg administration, first censuses in Bačka were conducted in 1715 and 1720. These censuses also recorded only those inhabitants that had to pay taxes to the Habsburg authorities, while those inhabitants that did not had to pay taxes (for example those that did not had their own house) were excluded from census. These censuses did not recorded ethnicity or mother tongue of the citizens.

Later Habsburg and Yugoslav censuses recorded language spoken by the citizens, and since 1948, censuses are also recording ethnicity of the people.

Notes

  1. Andrija Bognar, Položaj Mađara u Vojvodini od 1918. do 1995., Međunarodni znanstveni skup "Jugoistočna Europa 1918.-1995.", Zadar, 28.-30. rujna 1995.
  2. Lazar Stipić, Istina o Mađarima, Novi Sad - Srbinje, 2004.
  3. Jovan Pejin, Velikomađarski kapric, Zrenjanin, 2007. (page 28)
  4. Bács-Bodrog County
  5. http://www.hungarian-history.hu/lib/romsics/w25.htm
  6. Medjunarodni znanstveni skup "Jugoistocna Europa 1918.-1995."
  7. Dr. Branislav Bukurov, Bačka, Banat i Srem, Novi Sad, 1978.
  8. Popis stanovništva, domaćinstava i stanova 2002. Knjiga 1: Nacionalna ili etnička pripadnost po naseljima. Republika Srbija, Republički zavod za statistiku Beograd 2003. ISBN 86-84443-00-09

See also

External links

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