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| ===Reign under Jalal Dawla=== | ===Reign under Jalal Dawla=== | ||
| Their reign was concentrated between the Terter and the Khachenaget rivers. Jalal's birth date is unknown however his reign, beginning in 1214 and ending at the time of his death 1260 in Ghazvin, encompassed both Artsakh and the surrounding Armenian regions.<ref name="Ulubabyan2"/> He was addressed with the titles ''tagavor'' (king, թագավոր) or ''eenknakal'' (self-ruling or autonomous leader, ինքնակալ). Under ], he traveled twice to ], the capital of the Mongol empire, where he was able to obtain special autonomy rights from the ruling '']''.<ref name="Ulubabyan2"/> In 1260, he allied himself with the forces of the ] |
Their reign was concentrated between the Terter and the Khachenaget rivers. Jalal's birth date is unknown however his reign, beginning in 1214 and ending at the time of his death 1260 in Ghazvin, encompassed both Artsakh and the surrounding Armenian regions.<ref name="Ulubabyan2"/> He was addressed with the titles ''tagavor'' (king, թագավոր) or ''eenknakal'' (self-ruling or autonomous leader, ինքնակալ). Under ], he traveled twice to ], the capital of the Mongol empire, where he was able to obtain special autonomy rights from the ruling '']''.<ref name="Ulubabyan2"/> In 1260, he allied himself with the forces of the ] king ] who was leading an insurrection against Mongol rule. The insurrection subsequently failed and under the orders of the Mongol leader Arghun Khan, Jalal Dawla was executed.<ref name="Ulubabyan2"/> | ||
| ===Later family rule=== | ===Later family rule=== | ||
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| Hasan-Jalalyan | |
|---|---|
| Country | Armenia |
| Founded | 1214 |
| Founder | Hasan Jalal Dawla |
| Titles | Prince |
| Estate(s) | of Artsakh |
The House of Hasan-Jalalyan (in Armenian: Հասան-Ջալալյաններ) was an Armenian dynasty that ruled the region of Khachen in Artsakh from the thirteenth century AD onwards in what is now the regions of lower Karabakh, Nagorno-Karabakh and Zangezur. It was named after Hasan Jalal Dawla (Հասան-Ջալալ Դոլա), an Armenian feudal prince from Khachen. According to Robert H. Hewsen, Hasan-Jalal's descent can be traced back to the fourth century and involves the following houses: In the male line, (1) the princes (who later became kings) of Siunik. Through various princesses, who married his ancestors, Hasan-Jalal was descended from (2) the kings of Armenia or the Bagratuni dynasty, centered at Ani; (3) the Armenian kings of Vaspurakan of the Artsuni dynasty, centered in the region of Van; 4) the princes of Gardman; (5) the Sassanid dynasty of Persia, and (6) the Arsacids, the second royal house of Albania, itself a branch of the kings of ancient Parthia.
Reign under Jalal Dawla
Their reign was concentrated between the Terter and the Khachenaget rivers. Jalal's birth date is unknown however his reign, beginning in 1214 and ending at the time of his death 1260 in Ghazvin, encompassed both Artsakh and the surrounding Armenian regions. He was addressed with the titles tagavor (king, թագավոր) or eenknakal (self-ruling or autonomous leader, ինքնակալ). Under Mongol rule, he traveled twice to Karakorum, the capital of the Mongol empire, where he was able to obtain special autonomy rights from the ruling khan. In 1260, he allied himself with the forces of the Georgian king David Narin who was leading an insurrection against Mongol rule. The insurrection subsequently failed and under the orders of the Mongol leader Arghun Khan, Jalal Dawla was executed.
Later family rule
The family funded numerous architectural and cultural projects which continue to stand today, including the Gandzasar monastery, erected under Jalal Dawla's rule and consecrated on July 22, 1240, and the Church of St. John the Baptist. The monastery at Gandzasar went on to become the residence and sepulcher of the family and the house of the catholicos. In the late 16th century, the family branched out further in its establishing of melikdoms in settlements in Jraberd, Khachen and Gulistan.
During the reign of the Safavid dynasty, the meliks of Khachen along with other meliks of Karabakh were subordinate to the khans of Ganja. But in the early 18th century, Persia's Nadir shah took Karabakh out of the control of Ganja khans in punishment for their support of the Safavids, and placed the region directly under his own control. For the meliks' opposition to the Ottoman Turks, he exempted them from paying tributes and allowed them to remain autonomous. In 1747, Panah Ali Khan Javanshir proclaimed himself khan but was not recognized by most of the meliks. Only a few, such as the Mirzakhan family who was granted a melikdom by Panah Ali, accepted his suzerainty.
During the Turko-Persian wars of the the 17th and 18th centuries, the meliks fiercely resisted and fought back against incursions made by both sides. In the latter quarter of the 18th century, they aided the invading Russian armies to help clear the region of both the Turks and Persians.
In the course of the 17th-19th centuries, the Jalalyan house also proliferated in the establishment of several other Armenian noble houses, including the Melik-Atabekyan who became the last rulers of the principality of Jraberd. Several artifacts of the Hasan-Jalalyans survive until today, including Jalal Dawla's personal dagger, which is currently on display at the Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia.
References
- ^ Template:Hy icon Ulubabyan, Bagrat A. Հասան-Ջալալյաններ (Hasan-Jalalyan Family). Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia, vol. vi. Yerevan, Armenian SSR, 1980 p. 246
- de Waal, Thomas (2003). Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War. New York: New York University Press. pp. 156–157. ISBN 0-8147-1945-7.
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Ulubabyan2was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - Hacikyan, Agop Jack (2005). The Heritage of Armenian Literature: From the Eighteenth Century to Modern Times, vol. 3. Detroit: Wayne State University. p. 470. ISBN 0-8143-3221-8.
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