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Upon the downfall of the Qara Qoyunlu, Ali Beg and various other Ağaçeri lords entered into the service of Aq Qoyunlu ruler ] ({{reign|1453|78}}). Ağaçeri tribesmen continued to serve various Aq Qoyunlu lords, such as Hajji Hasan and Dündar-i Ahaj Eri who served Jahan Shah Mirza and Uzun Hasan's son Zeynel Mirza, respectively.{{sfn|Sümer|1988|pp=460–461}} | Upon the downfall of the Qara Qoyunlu, Ali Beg and various other Ağaçeri lords entered into the service of Aq Qoyunlu ruler ] ({{reign|1453|78}}). Ağaçeri tribesmen continued to serve various Aq Qoyunlu lords, such as Hajji Hasan and Dündar-i Ahaj Eri who served Jahan Shah Mirza and Uzun Hasan's son Zeynel Mirza, respectively.{{sfn|Sümer|1988|pp=460–461}} | ||
Ağaçeri is not mentioned in ] chronicles. When ] temporarily came under ] control in the first half of the 18th century, a ] attested a nearby village that was the namesake of the tribe of Ağaçeri. In the mid-19th century, Ağaçeri appeared in records as a wealthy tribe of 1000 tents in ] incorporating the sub-tribes of Chaghatai and Kashtil. By the next century, the tribe was known to be inhabiting ] and included the sub-tribes of ], ], and Tilku.{{sfn|Sümer|1988|pp=460–461}} | Ağaçeri is not mentioned in ] chronicles. When ] temporarily came under ] control in the first half of the 18th century, a ] attested a nearby village that was the namesake of the tribe of Ağaçeri. In the mid-19th century, Ağaçeri appeared in records as a wealthy tribe of 1000 tents in ] incorporating the sub-tribes of Chaghatai and Kashtil. By the next century, the tribe was known to be inhabiting ] and included the sub-tribes of ], ], and Tilku.{{sfn|Sümer|1988|pp=460–461}} Historian Pierre Oberling describes the Ağaçeri of Kohgiluyeh as a tribe of mixed origin inhabiting ]. ] classified them as part of the Kohgiluyeh ] but noted that it was composed of Turkic tribes of Afshar, Chaghatai, Begdili, and Qarabaghi. Other early 20th-century sources, Fasa'i and Demorgny referred to them as an "amalgamation of Turkic, ], and Lur elements." Oberling links some of the constituent tribes to the Afshars of Khuzestan, who ] ] ({{reign|1587|1629}}) had scattered over the region following a rebellion in 1596–97. Oberling further proposes a tie between the Ağaçeri of Kohgiluyeh and the ] Kashkuli Bozorg tribe of western Fars as both incorporate the sub-tribes of Begdili and Jama Bozorg.{{sfn|Oberling|1984|pp=605–606}} | ||
The remnants of the tribe in ] who did not depart for Iran split into smaller tribes for economic reasons and spread across the peninsula. These tribes are identified with the modern-day ]. This largely inhabits various regions of Turkey, such as ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ]. In parallel with Ağaçeri's ], Tahtacı are known for woodworking.{{sfn|Sümer|1988|pp=460–461}} | |||
==References== | ==References== |
Revision as of 03:00, 23 April 2024
Turkmen tribeAğaçeri was a Turkmen tribe.
Etymology
The name of the tribe was attested by multiple medieval sources. 12–13th-century Ilkhanid historian Rashid al-Din Hamadani pointed out that the tribe's name was not mentioned in earlier works and referred to an Oghuz group that settled in the forested areas of the Middle East, which earned its name. The term means "people of the forest" in Turkic languages. Present-day members of the tribe in Iran, primarily those who do not speak Turkic, hold that the name originates in the terms agha (gentleman) and jari (bold), which are lexical borrowings that entered Persian from Turkic.
History
Some sources relate the tribe's origins to the Akatziri tribe that inhabited Russia in the 5th century. However, medieval historians including Izz al-Din ibn Shaddad, Abu al-Faraj, Rashid al-Din Hamadani, Aziz ibn Ardashir-i Astarabadi, Badr al-Din al-Ayni, and al-Maqrizi mentioned the tribe's Turkmen origin. Historian Faruk Sümer suggests that Ağaçeri may be related to the Turkmens who previously initiated the Babai revolt as they inhabited the same region around Malatya.
During the second half of the 14th century, the tribe forged an alliance with the Qara Qoyunlu. Its head at the time, Hasan, was the son of Tatar Khatun, who was the sister of Qara Mahammad (r. 1380–89), the ruler of the Qara Qoyunlu. In the next century, the tribe migrated to Iran along with the Qara Qoyunlu tribe. Members of the tribe, Husayn, Savalan, and Ali Beg were among the chieftains loyal the Qara Qoyunlu ruler Iskandar (r. 1421–29, 1431–36). Ali Beg was among the ranks of the Qara Qoyunlu forces in the skirmish against the Aq Qoyunlu tribe in 1450. He was captured but later released by the Aq Qoyunlu.
Upon the downfall of the Qara Qoyunlu, Ali Beg and various other Ağaçeri lords entered into the service of Aq Qoyunlu ruler Uzun Hasan (r. 1453–78). Ağaçeri tribesmen continued to serve various Aq Qoyunlu lords, such as Hajji Hasan and Dündar-i Ahaj Eri who served Jahan Shah Mirza and Uzun Hasan's son Zeynel Mirza, respectively.
Ağaçeri is not mentioned in Safavid chronicles. When Tabriz temporarily came under Ottoman control in the first half of the 18th century, a tahrir defter attested a nearby village that was the namesake of the tribe of Ağaçeri. In the mid-19th century, Ağaçeri appeared in records as a wealthy tribe of 1000 tents in Fars province incorporating the sub-tribes of Chaghatai and Kashtil. By the next century, the tribe was known to be inhabiting Kohgiluyeh and included the sub-tribes of Afshar, Begdili, and Tilku. Historian Pierre Oberling describes the Ağaçeri of Kohgiluyeh as a tribe of mixed origin inhabiting Khuzestan. Vladimir Minorsky classified them as part of the Kohgiluyeh Lurs but noted that it was composed of Turkic tribes of Afshar, Chaghatai, Begdili, and Qarabaghi. Other early 20th-century sources, Fasa'i and Demorgny referred to them as an "amalgamation of Turkic, Tajik, and Lur elements." Oberling links some of the constituent tribes to the Afshars of Khuzestan, who Shah Abbas the Great (r. 1587–1629) had scattered over the region following a rebellion in 1596–97. Oberling further proposes a tie between the Ağaçeri of Kohgiluyeh and the Qashqai Kashkuli Bozorg tribe of western Fars as both incorporate the sub-tribes of Begdili and Jama Bozorg.
The remnants of the tribe in Anatolia who did not depart for Iran split into smaller tribes for economic reasons and spread across the peninsula. These tribes are identified with the modern-day Tahtacı. This largely inhabits various regions of Turkey, such as Çukurova, Mersin, Antalya, Isparta, Burdur, Konya, Muğla, Denizli, and Aydın. In parallel with Ağaçeri's etymological explanation, Tahtacı are known for woodworking.
References
- ^ Oberling 1984, p. 605.
- ^ Sümer 1988, p. 460.
- ^ Sümer 1988, pp. 460–461.
- Oberling 1984, pp. 605–606.
Bibliography
- Oberling, Pierre (1984). "Aḡāč Erī". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. I/6: Afghanistan–Ahriman. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 605–606. ISBN 978-0-71009-095-9.
- Sümer, Faruk (1988). "Ağaçeriler". TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 1 (Âb-ı Hayat – El-ahkâmü'ş-şer'i̇yye) (in Turkish). Istanbul: Turkiye Diyanet Foundation, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 460–461. ISBN 978-975-954-801-8.