| Revision as of 21:26, 22 November 2019 editDarkLordDarthTenebrous (talk | contribs)1 edit →Deaths: After researching, I removed the Alexander the Great death entry since the Alexander the Great wiki lists the year of his death as 323← Previous edit | Revision as of 06:45, 17 February 2024 edit undoSimongraham (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, New page reviewers19,822 edits Added citations WP:FEB24Next edit → | ||
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| ==== Persian Empire ==== | ==== Persian Empire ==== | ||
| * Having blamed the defeats by Philip II in ] and ] on his colleagues, ] is left as sole Athenian commander. Chares is in need of money for his war effort, but frowns upon asking it from the Athenians so, partly compelled by his mercenaries, he enters the service of the insurgent Persian satrap ] who rewards Chares very generously. | * Having blamed the defeats by Philip II in ] and ] on his colleagues, ] is left as sole Athenian commander. Chares is in need of money for his war effort, but frowns upon asking it from the Athenians so, partly compelled by his mercenaries, he enters the service of the insurgent Persian satrap ] who rewards Chares very generously.{{cn}} | ||
| * Artabazus of Phrygia is also supported by the ], who send him 5,000 men under their general ]. With the assistance of these and other allies, Artabazus defeats his ] enemies in two great battles. | * Artabazus of Phrygia is also supported by the ], who send him 5,000 men under their general ]. With the assistance of these and other allies, Artabazus defeats his ] enemies in two great battles.{{cn}} | ||
| * The ] King ] orders all the ]s (governors) of his empire to dismiss their mercenaries. The Athenians, who have originally approved their mercenaries' collaboration with Artabazus of Phrygia, order them to leave due to their fear of Persian support for the revolting states of ], ], and ]. Thebes follows suit and withdraws its mercenaries. | * The ] King ] orders all the ]s (governors) of his empire to dismiss their mercenaries. The Athenians, who have originally approved their mercenaries' collaboration with Artabazus of Phrygia, order them to leave due to their fear of Persian support for the revolting states of ], ], and ]. Thebes follows suit and withdraws its mercenaries. | ||
| * With King Artaxerxes III succeeding in depriving Artabazus of his Athenian and Theban allies, Artabazus is defeated by the Persian King's general, ]. | * With King Artaxerxes III succeeding in depriving Artabazus of his Athenian and Theban allies, Artabazus is defeated by the Persian King's general, ].{{cn}} | ||
| ==== Greece ==== | ==== Greece ==== | ||
| * ] secretly offers the city of ] back to the ] in exchange for the valuable port of ]. Despite the Athenians being willing to comply, both ] and ] are conquered by the Macedonians (along with other Athenian strongholds in ] and ]) despite being defended by Athenian forces led by general and mercenary commander, ], as well as generals ] and ]. | * ] secretly offers the city of ] back to the ] in exchange for the valuable port of ]. Despite the Athenians being willing to comply, both ] and ] are conquered by the Macedonians (along with other Athenian strongholds in ] and ]) despite being defended by Athenian forces led by general and mercenary commander, ], as well as generals ] and ].{{cn}} | ||
| * With Pydna and Potidaea occupied, Philip II decides to keep Amphipolis anyway. He also takes the city of ] from the ] and renames it ]. | * With Pydna and Potidaea occupied, Philip II decides to keep Amphipolis anyway. He also takes the city of ] from the ] and renames it ].{{cn}} | ||
| * The ] capture and sack ] in whose territory the famous temple and oracle stand. ] is declared against them by the other members of the Great ]. The Phocians, led by two capable generals, Philomelus and Onomarchus, use Delphi's riches to hire a mercenary army to carry the war into ] and ]. | * The ] capture and sack ] in whose territory the famous temple and oracle stand. ] is declared against them by the other members of the Great ]. The Phocians, led by two capable generals, Philomelus and Onomarchus, use Delphi's riches to hire a mercenary army to carry the war into ] and ].{{cn}} | ||
| * The ] begins between the ], led by ], and its revolting allies of ], ], and ] as well as the independent state ]. ], the ] of ], instigates the rebellion against the Athenian control of these states. The revolting allies ravage the islands of ] and ] which are loyal to ]. | * The ] begins between the ], led by ], and its revolting allies of ], ], and ] as well as the independent state ]. ], the ] of ], instigates the rebellion against the Athenian control of these states. The revolting allies ravage the islands of ] and ] which are loyal to ].{{cn}} | ||
| * The Athenian generals ] and ] are given command of the Athenian fleet with the aim of defeating the rebellious cities. However, Chabrias' fleet is defeated and he is killed in its attack on the island of Chios, off the coast of ]. | * The Athenian generals ] and ] are given command of the Athenian fleet with the aim of defeating the rebellious cities. However, Chabrias' fleet is defeated and he is killed in its attack on the island of Chios, off the coast of ].{{cn}} | ||
| * Chares is given complete command of the Athenian fleet and withdraws to the ] to move against Byzantium. The generals Timotheus, Iphicrates and his son ] are sent to help him when the enemy fleet is sighted on the Hellespont. Timotheus and Iphicrates refuse to engage due to a severe gale, but Chares does engage and lose many of his ships. Timotheus and Iphicrates are accused by Chares and put on trial, however only Timotheus is condemned to pay a fine. | * Chares is given complete command of the Athenian fleet and withdraws to the ] to move against Byzantium. The generals Timotheus, Iphicrates and his son ] are sent to help him when the enemy fleet is sighted on the Hellespont. Timotheus and Iphicrates refuse to engage due to a severe gale, but Chares does engage and lose many of his ships. Timotheus and Iphicrates are accused by Chares and put on trial, however only Timotheus is condemned to pay a fine.{{cn}} | ||
| ==== Roman Republic ==== | ==== Roman Republic ==== | ||
| * ] is the first ] to be chosen as a ] in ]. | * ] is the first ] to be chosen as a ] in ].<ref>{{cite book | first=David|last=Matz|title=Famous Firsts in the Ancient Greek and Roman World|location=Jefferson|publisher=McFarland|year=2000|page=42|isbn=978-0-78640-599-2|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Famous_Firsts_in_the_Ancient_Greek_and_R/MDjZr6NxQPMC}}</ref> | ||
| ==== China ==== | ==== China ==== | ||
| * With his reforms initiated in this year, the ] prime minister ] starts to transform the once marginal and frontier ] to become the most dominant military force amongst the ] of China by the ]. | * With his reforms initiated in this year, the ] prime minister ] starts to transform the once marginal and frontier ] to become the most dominant military force amongst the ] of China by the ].{{cn}} | ||
| === By topic === | === By topic === | ||
| ==== Architecture ==== | ==== Architecture ==== | ||
| * ] (traditional date) – The ] at ] is burned down by a madman named Herostratus, destroying one of the ]. The great temple was built by ], king of ], in about ] and was famous not only for its great size (110 metres by 55 metres), but also for the magnificent works of art that adorned it. | * ] (traditional date) – The ] at ] is burned down by a madman named Herostratus, destroying one of the ]. The great temple was built by ], king of ], in about ] and was famous not only for its great size (110 metres by 55 metres), but also for the magnificent works of art that adorned it.{{cn}} | ||
| </onlyinclude> | |||
| == Births == | == Births == | ||
| ]]] | ]]] | ||
| * ]/] – ], King of ]ia (d. ]) | * ]/] – ], King of ]ia (d. ]).<ref>{{cite book|editor-first=Daniel|editor-last=Ogden|title=The Cambridge Companion to Alexander the Great|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2024|page=29|isbn=978-1-10884-099-6}}</ref> | ||
| * ], Macedonian general, soldier, aristocrat, and companion of Alexander the Great (d. ]) | * ], Macedonian general, soldier, aristocrat, and companion of Alexander the Great (d. ]).{{cn}} | ||
| == Deaths == | == Deaths == | ||
| * ] | * ].{{cn}} | ||
| * ] | * ].{{cn}} | ||
| == References == | == References == | ||
Revision as of 06:45, 17 February 2024
Calendar year
| Millennium: | 1st millennium BC |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 356 BC by topic |
| Politics |
|---|
| Categories |
| Gregorian calendar | 356 BC CCCLVI BC |
| Ab urbe condita | 398 |
| Ancient Egypt era | XXX dynasty, 25 |
| - Pharaoh | Nectanebo II, 5 |
| Ancient Greek era | 106th Olympiad (victor)¹ |
| Assyrian calendar | 4395 |
| Balinese saka calendar | N/A |
| Bengali calendar | −949 – −948 |
| Berber calendar | 595 |
| Buddhist calendar | 189 |
| Burmese calendar | −993 |
| Byzantine calendar | 5153–5154 |
| Chinese calendar | 甲子年 (Wood Rat) 2342 or 2135 — to — 乙丑年 (Wood Ox) 2343 or 2136 |
| Coptic calendar | −639 – −638 |
| Discordian calendar | 811 |
| Ethiopian calendar | −363 – −362 |
| Hebrew calendar | 3405–3406 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | −299 – −298 |
| - Shaka Samvat | N/A |
| - Kali Yuga | 2745–2746 |
| Holocene calendar | 9645 |
| Iranian calendar | 977 BP – 976 BP |
| Islamic calendar | 1007 BH – 1006 BH |
| Javanese calendar | N/A |
| Julian calendar | N/A |
| Korean calendar | 1978 |
| Minguo calendar | 2267 before ROC 民前2267年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −1823 |
| Thai solar calendar | 187–188 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳木鼠年 (male Wood-Rat) −229 or −610 or −1382 — to — 阴木牛年 (female Wood-Ox) −228 or −609 or −1381 |
Year 356 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Ambustus and Laenas (or, less frequently, year 398 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 356 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Events
By place
Persian Empire
- Having blamed the defeats by Philip II in Thessaly and Chalcidice on his colleagues, Chares is left as sole Athenian commander. Chares is in need of money for his war effort, but frowns upon asking it from the Athenians so, partly compelled by his mercenaries, he enters the service of the insurgent Persian satrap Artabazus of Phrygia who rewards Chares very generously.
- Artabazus of Phrygia is also supported by the Thebans, who send him 5,000 men under their general Pammenes. With the assistance of these and other allies, Artabazus defeats his Persian enemies in two great battles.
- The Persian King Artaxerxes III orders all the satraps (governors) of his empire to dismiss their mercenaries. The Athenians, who have originally approved their mercenaries' collaboration with Artabazus of Phrygia, order them to leave due to their fear of Persian support for the revolting states of Chios, Rhodes, and Cos. Thebes follows suit and withdraws its mercenaries.
- With King Artaxerxes III succeeding in depriving Artabazus of his Athenian and Theban allies, Artabazus is defeated by the Persian King's general, Autophradates.
Greece
- Philip II of Macedon secretly offers the city of Amphipolis back to the Athenians in exchange for the valuable port of Pydna. Despite the Athenians being willing to comply, both Pydna and Potidaea are conquered by the Macedonians (along with other Athenian strongholds in Thessaly and Chalcidice) despite being defended by Athenian forces led by general and mercenary commander, Chares, as well as generals Iphicrates and Timotheus.
- With Pydna and Potidaea occupied, Philip II decides to keep Amphipolis anyway. He also takes the city of Crenides from the Odrysae and renames it Philippi.
- The Phocians capture and sack Delphi in whose territory the famous temple and oracle stand. A sacred war is declared against them by the other members of the Great Amphictyonic League. The Phocians, led by two capable generals, Philomelus and Onomarchus, use Delphi's riches to hire a mercenary army to carry the war into Boeotia and Thessaly.
- The Social War begins between the Second Athenian League, led by Athens, and its revolting allies of Chios, Rhodes, and Kos as well as the independent state Byzantium. Mausolus, the tyrant of Caria, instigates the rebellion against the Athenian control of these states. The revolting allies ravage the islands of Lemnos and Imbros which are loyal to Athens.
- The Athenian generals Chares and Chabrias are given command of the Athenian fleet with the aim of defeating the rebellious cities. However, Chabrias' fleet is defeated and he is killed in its attack on the island of Chios, off the coast of Ionia.
- Chares is given complete command of the Athenian fleet and withdraws to the Hellespont to move against Byzantium. The generals Timotheus, Iphicrates and his son Menestheus are sent to help him when the enemy fleet is sighted on the Hellespont. Timotheus and Iphicrates refuse to engage due to a severe gale, but Chares does engage and lose many of his ships. Timotheus and Iphicrates are accused by Chares and put on trial, however only Timotheus is condemned to pay a fine.
Roman Republic
- Gaius Marcius Rutilus is the first plebeian to be chosen as a dictator in Rome.
China
- With his reforms initiated in this year, the Chinese prime minister Shang Yang starts to transform the once marginal and frontier State of Qin to become the most dominant military force amongst the Warring States of China by the 3rd century BC.
By topic
Architecture
- July 21 (traditional date) – The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus is burned down by a madman named Herostratus, destroying one of the Seven Wonders of the World. The great temple was built by Croesus, king of Lydia, in about 550 BC and was famous not only for its great size (110 metres by 55 metres), but also for the magnificent works of art that adorned it.
Births
- July 20/21 – Alexander the Great, King of Macedonia (d. 323 BC).
- Hephaestion, Macedonian general, soldier, aristocrat, and companion of Alexander the Great (d. 324 BC).
Deaths
References
- Matz, David (2000). Famous Firsts in the Ancient Greek and Roman World. Jefferson: McFarland. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-78640-599-2.
- Ogden, Daniel, ed. (2024). The Cambridge Companion to Alexander the Great. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 29. ISBN 978-1-10884-099-6.