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| == Chemicals in the aerosol == | == Chemicals in the aerosol == | ||
| ] (vapor) exhaled by an e-cigarette user.]] | ] (vapor) exhaled by an e-cigarette user.]] | ||
| A |
A liquid is heated to a temperature of about 55°C within the e-cigarette to create an aerosolized vapor.<ref name=Kacker2014>{{cite journal|last1=Oh|first1=Anne Y.|last2=Kacker|first2=Ashutosh|title=Do electronic cigarettes impart a lower potential disease burden than conventional tobacco cigarettes?: Review on e-cigarette vapor versus tobacco smoke|journal=The Laryngoscope|date=December 2014|volume=124|issue=12|pages=2702–2706|doi=10.1002/lary.24750|pmid=25302452}}</ref> The vapor usually contains ] and other chemicals, primarily consisting of ], aroma transporters, ] and ].<ref name=Hajek2014>{{cite journal|last1=Hajek|first1=P|last2=Etter|first2=JF|last3=Benowitz|first3=N|last4=Eissenberg|first4=T|last5=McRobbie|first5=H|title=Electronic cigarettes: review of use, content, safety, effects on smokers and potential for harm and benefit.|url=http://tobonline.com/Media/Default/Article/Addiction-%20Hajek%2014.pdf|journal=Addiction (Abingdon, England)|date=31 July 2014|pmid=25078252|doi=10.1111/add.12659|volume=109|issue=11|pages=1801–10}}</ref> The vapor may also contain tiny amounts of ]s, ]s, and ].<ref name=Grana2014/><ref name=Hajek2014/> Contamination with various chemicals has been identified in the product.<ref name=Bertholon2013>{{cite journal|last1=Bertholon|first1=J.F.|last2=Becquemin|first2=M.H.|last3=Annesi-Maesano|first3=I.|last4=Dautzenberg|first4=B.|title=Electronic Cigarettes: A Short Review|journal=Respiration|year=2013|issn=1423-0356|volume=86|pages=433–8|doi=10.1159/000353253|pmid=24080743}}</ref> | ||
| Some metal parts in e-cigarettes can contact the e-liquid and contaminate it with metals<ref name=FarsalinosPolosa2014>{{cite journal|last1=Farsalinos|first1=K. E.|last2=Polosa|first2=R.|title=Safety evaluation and risk assessment of electronic cigarettes as tobacco cigarette substitutes: a systematic review|journal=Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety|volume=5|issue=2|year=2014|pages=67–86|issn=2042-0986|doi=10.1177/2042098614524430|pmc=4110871|pmid=25083263}}</ref> in concentrations far below inhalation medicine standards.<ref name=Hajek2014/> The metals tin, silicate beads, cadmium, nickel, lead<ref name=Rom2014>{{cite journal|last1=Rom|first1=Oren|last2=Pecorelli|first2=Alessandra|last3=Valacchi|first3=Giuseppe|last4=Reznick|first4=Abraham Z.|title=Are E-cigarettes a safe and good alternative to cigarette smoking?|journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences|year=2014|pages=n/a–n/a|issn=00778923|doi=10.1111/nyas.12609|pmid=25557889}}</ref> |
Some metal parts in e-cigarettes can contact the e-liquid and contaminate it with metals<ref name=FarsalinosPolosa2014>{{cite journal|last1=Farsalinos|first1=K. E.|last2=Polosa|first2=R.|title=Safety evaluation and risk assessment of electronic cigarettes as tobacco cigarette substitutes: a systematic review|journal=Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety|volume=5|issue=2|year=2014|pages=67–86|issn=2042-0986|doi=10.1177/2042098614524430|pmc=4110871|pmid=25083263}}</ref> in concentrations far below inhalation medicine standards.<ref name=Hajek2014/> The metals tin, silicate beads, cadmium, nickel, lead<ref name=Rom2014>{{cite journal|last1=Rom|first1=Oren|last2=Pecorelli|first2=Alessandra|last3=Valacchi|first3=Giuseppe|last4=Reznick|first4=Abraham Z.|title=Are E-cigarettes a safe and good alternative to cigarette smoking?|journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences|year=2014|pages=n/a–n/a|issn=00778923|doi=10.1111/nyas.12609|pmid=25557889}}</ref> and chromium have been found in the vapor.<ref name=Grana2014/> | ||
| Many chemicals including ] such as ], ], ], and ] can inadvertently be produced when the ] that touches the e-liquid is heated and chemically reacts with the liquid.<ref name=Bekki2014>{{cite journal|last1=Bekki|first1=Kanae|last2=Uchiyama|first2=Shigehisa|last3=Ohta|first3=Kazushi|last4=Inaba|first4=Yohei|last5=Nakagome|first5=Hideki|last6=Kunugita|first6=Naoki|title=Carbonyl Compounds Generated from Electronic Cigarettes|journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health|volume=11|issue=11|year=2014|pages=11192–11200|issn=1660-4601|doi=10.3390/ijerph111111192|pmid=25353061}}</ref |
Many chemicals including ] such as ], ], ], and ] can inadvertently be produced when the ] that touches the e-liquid is heated and chemically reacts with the liquid.<ref name=Bekki2014>{{cite journal|last1=Bekki|first1=Kanae|last2=Uchiyama|first2=Shigehisa|last3=Ohta|first3=Kazushi|last4=Inaba|first4=Yohei|last5=Nakagome|first5=Hideki|last6=Kunugita|first6=Naoki|title=Carbonyl Compounds Generated from Electronic Cigarettes|journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health|volume=11|issue=11|year=2014|pages=11192–11200|issn=1660-4601|doi=10.3390/ijerph111111192|pmid=25353061}}</ref> ] (TSNAs) in comparable amounts to ],<ref name=FarsalinosPolosa2014/> trace amounts of ]<ref name=Rom2014/> and xylene<ref name=FarsalinosPolosa2014/> aldehydes, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and tobacco alkaloids has been found in the vapor.<ref name=Cheng2014>{{cite journal|last1=Cheng|first1=T.|title=Chemical evaluation of electronic cigarettes|journal=Tobacco Control|volume=23|issue=Supplement 2|year=2014|pages=ii11–ii17|issn=0964-4563|doi=10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051482|pmc=3995255|pmid=24732157}}</ref> | ||
| == See also == | == See also == | ||
Revision as of 09:06, 19 June 2015
Various chemicals has been identified in the aerosol of electronic cigarettes. The vapor contains similar chemicals to the e-liquid which vary across and within manufacturers.
Chemicals in the aerosol
A liquid is heated to a temperature of about 55°C within the e-cigarette to create an aerosolized vapor. The vapor usually contains nicotine and other chemicals, primarily consisting of flavors, aroma transporters, glycerin and propylene glycol. The vapor may also contain tiny amounts of toxicants, carcinogens, and heavy metals. Contamination with various chemicals has been identified in the product.
Some metal parts in e-cigarettes can contact the e-liquid and contaminate it with metals in concentrations far below inhalation medicine standards. The metals tin, silicate beads, cadmium, nickel, lead and chromium have been found in the vapor.
Many chemicals including carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, and glyoxal can inadvertently be produced when the nichrome wire that touches the e-liquid is heated and chemically reacts with the liquid. Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in comparable amounts to nicotine replacement products, trace amounts of toluene and xylene aldehydes, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and tobacco alkaloids has been found in the vapor.
See also
References
- ^ Grana, R; Benowitz, N; Glantz, SA (13 May 2014). "E-cigarettes: a scientific review". Circulation. 129 (19): 1972–86. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.114.007667. PMC 4018182. PMID 24821826.
- ^ Bertholon, J.F.; Becquemin, M.H.; Annesi-Maesano, I.; Dautzenberg, B. (2013). "Electronic Cigarettes: A Short Review". Respiration. 86: 433–8. doi:10.1159/000353253. ISSN 1423-0356. PMID 24080743.
- ^ Cheng, T. (2014). "Chemical evaluation of electronic cigarettes". Tobacco Control. 23 (Supplement 2): ii11 – ii17. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051482. ISSN 0964-4563. PMC 3995255. PMID 24732157.
- Oh, Anne Y.; Kacker, Ashutosh (December 2014). "Do electronic cigarettes impart a lower potential disease burden than conventional tobacco cigarettes?: Review on e-cigarette vapor versus tobacco smoke". The Laryngoscope. 124 (12): 2702–2706. doi:10.1002/lary.24750. PMID 25302452.
- ^ Hajek, P; Etter, JF; Benowitz, N; Eissenberg, T; McRobbie, H (31 July 2014). "Electronic cigarettes: review of use, content, safety, effects on smokers and potential for harm and benefit" (PDF). Addiction (Abingdon, England). 109 (11): 1801–10. doi:10.1111/add.12659. PMID 25078252.
- ^ Farsalinos, K. E.; Polosa, R. (2014). "Safety evaluation and risk assessment of electronic cigarettes as tobacco cigarette substitutes: a systematic review". Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety. 5 (2): 67–86. doi:10.1177/2042098614524430. ISSN 2042-0986. PMC 4110871. PMID 25083263.
- ^ Rom, Oren; Pecorelli, Alessandra; Valacchi, Giuseppe; Reznick, Abraham Z. (2014). "Are E-cigarettes a safe and good alternative to cigarette smoking?". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences: n/a–n/a. doi:10.1111/nyas.12609. ISSN 0077-8923. PMID 25557889.
- Bekki, Kanae; Uchiyama, Shigehisa; Ohta, Kazushi; Inaba, Yohei; Nakagome, Hideki; Kunugita, Naoki (2014). "Carbonyl Compounds Generated from Electronic Cigarettes". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 11 (11): 11192–11200. doi:10.3390/ijerph111111192. ISSN 1660-4601. PMID 25353061.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
External links
Media related to Electronic cigarettes at Wikimedia Commons
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