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| {{pp-semi-protected|small=yes}} | |||
| {{Evolutionary biology}} | |||
| This article is about the process of '''evolution'''. | |||
| For biological evolution see ] and for other uses of '''evolution''', see ]. | |||
| == Note to the Misplaced Pages Community == | |||
| PLEASE STOP DELETING EVERYTHING YOU CAN FIND THE SLIGHTEST EXCUSE TO! This page is a work in progress. I have a headache from being ATTACKED SO MUCH IN HERE, so cut me a break already, and PLEASE STOP TRYING TO HIDE WHAT EVOLUTION IS! There SHOULD BE A PLACE FOR A DESCRIPTION OF EVOLUTION SOMEWHERE ON THIS SITE! Since the ] page is not allowed to be about the process of '''evolution''' because it was reserved for '''biological evolution''' it seems only fair that this page should be allowed to be about evolution, since it was about NOTHING AT ALL! So please STOP DELETING EVERYTHING I DO ALREADY! | |||
| == Introduction == | |||
| '''Evolution''' is the accumulation of change. Anything in which changes accumulate, evolves. This is true of culture<ref>Tradition: ‘A behaviour pattern transmitted repeatedly through social learning to become a population-level characteristic’.</ref>, language<ref>The forces affecting language and the evolution which a language continually undergoes are covered, with historical changes in spellings, meanings, and sounds traced in some detail.</ref>, computer software<ref>Coping with huge amounts of data is one of the major problems in the context of software evolution.</ref><ref>We describe GEVOL, a system that visualizes the evolution of software using a novel graph drawing technique for visualization of large graphs with a temporal component.</ref>, technology<ref>This paper draws on an evolutionary theory of economic growth that brings together appreciative theorizing regarding growth and formal theorizing.</ref>, knowledge<ref>The analysis of the evolution of knowledge is distinguished from standard economics and neoDarwinian biology; it combines purpose with the impossibility of empirical proof.</ref><ref>Nursing Research has made a significant contribution in disseminating the body of tested knowledge related to the health disparities experienced by vulnerable populations and the methodologies associated with vulnerable populations research.</ref>, automation<ref>The paper covers the evolution of drilling mechanization and automation from the mid-nineteenth century to today.</ref>, and so on. | |||
| == Evolution denial == | |||
| While evolution happens all around us, there are still people who deny that evolution occurs<ref>Evolution - An Immediate Counter to the Same Old Tired Arguments</ref>. Some people have the idea that evolution does not happen. Of course, that can be settled by looking at the of the ] Misplaced Pages page. Also, a quick web search for information about the evolution of just about anything should provide plenty of additional reference material. | |||
| == Numeric evolution == | |||
| Because biological evolution tends to hog all of the attention, you might never have heard of many of the things which are understood in terms of evolution. A simple example is the evolution of a number sequence. This can have a random element, such as repeatedly rolling a dice and adding even numbers while subtracting odd numbers, or it can be something as ordered and predictable as th evolution of the Fibonacci sequence.<ref>evolution of the Fibonacci sequence</ref> | |||
| == Biological evolution == | |||
| Of course, '''biology''' also evolves, as do '''wiki pages''' as changes accumulate, when not prohibited from doing so. Case in point. ]. As a matter of fact, this page is an offspring of the ] page. While this article is about the process of evolution, it should be noted that '''biological evolution''' is a subset of '''evolution''' and apparently commonly mistaken for the only kind of '''evolution''', mainly by people who deny there's any such thing as '''evolution'''. | |||
| Probably the most well known type of evolution, accumulation of hereditary modification<ref>From these considerations, I shall devote the first chapter of this Abstract to Variation under Domestication. We shall thus see that a large amount of hereditary modification is at least possible, and, what is equally or more important, we shall see how great is the power of man in accumulating by his Selection successive slight variations.</ref>, also known as descent with modification, causes the accumulation of change in the ] ] of ] ]s over successive ]s. Such evolutionary processes give rise to diversity at every level of ], including the ] of species, individual ]s and ] such as ] and ]s.<ref name="Hall08">{{harvnb|Hall|Hallgrímsson|2008|pp=3–5}}</ref> | |||
| == Evolution in a cellular automaton == | |||
| By far the most well known cellular automaton<ref>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Cellular Automata</ref> is Conway's Game of Life.<ref>What is Game Of Life</ref> From its simple rules, complex evolving patterns easily and predictably emerge. Although no randomness is involved, it can appear quite random and somewhat chaotic to those who are not accustomed to it. An example of a repeating evolution is found in a simple structure within Conway's Game of Life known as a '''glider'''.<ref>LifeWiki - Glider</ref> As it moves diagonally through otherwise empty automaton space, the '''glider''' goes takes on 4 shapes, or 2 shapes and their mirror images, before repeating the cycle. Each shape is formed by making changes to its shape according to the rules of the automaton. While the changes in location continuously accumulate until an obstruction is reached, the changes in shape accumulate for only 4 cycles, or generations, before returning to a previous configuration. Thus, the evolution repeats. | |||
| == History of the concept of evolution == | |||
| {{Further|History of evolutionary thought}} | |||
| The English word '''evolution''' has been in use at least since the early 17th century.<ref>Oxford English Dictionaries - Evolution</ref> and itself has evolved over time. | |||
| While Charles Darwin is well known in connection with evolution, mainly due to his book entitled ''On the Origin of Species'' he actually only mentioned the word '''evolved''' once in the first edition.<ref>On the Origin of Species By Means of Natural Selection by Charles Darwin</ref> It was in fact the very last word in the book before the index, and did not even appear in the index. No other forms of the word '''evolution''' were used in the book in the early editions. The word '''evolution''' was in fact not included in any edition until the <ref>DARWIN ONLINE</ref> | |||
| In fact, even Charles' Darwin's well known book has evolved.<ref>Evolution of Darwin's Origin of Species</ref> | |||
| Many people these days have been fooled into thinking that the word '''evolution''' has always described something totally random, but in fact the word nothing could be further from the truth. The word '''evolution''' was originally used in a rather limited sense to describe plans, commands, or maneuvers, rolled out in an orderly fashion, and has since evolved to simply mean the accumulation of change, whether random, orderly, guided, or some combination. Evolution itself is in fact '''not random''' although some instances of random do have random elements. | |||
| == See also == | |||
| {{Misplaced Pages books|Evolution}} | |||
| {{Portal|Evolutionary biology}} | |||
| {{cmn|2| | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
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| }} | |||
| == References == | |||
| {{Reflist|30em}} | |||
| * {{cite book |last1=Hall |first1=Brian K. |authorlink1=Brian K. Hall |last2=Hallgrímsson |first2=Benedikt |title=Strickberger's Evolution |year=2008 |edition=4th |location=Sudbury, MA |publisher=Jones and Bartlett Publishers |isbn=978-0-7637-0066-9 |lccn=2007008981 |oclc=85814089 |ref=harv}} | |||
| {{Refend}} | |||
| == Further reading == | |||
| {{see|Bibliography of biology}} | |||
| {{Library resources box | |||
| |onlinebooks=yes | |||
| |by=no | |||
| |lcheading= Evolution (Biology) | |||
| |label=Evolution | |||
| }} | |||
| {{refbegin}} | |||
| '''Introductory reading''' | |||
| * {{cite book |editor1-last=Barrett |editor1-first=Paul H. |editor2-last=Weinshank |editor2-first=Donald J. |editor3-last=Gottleber |editor3-first=Timothy T. |year=1981 |title=A Concordance to Darwin's Origin of Species, First Edition |location=Ithaca, NY |publisher=] |isbn=0-8014-1319-2 |lccn=80066893 |oclc=610057960 |ref=harv}} | |||
| * {{cite book |author = Carroll, S. |authorlink = Sean B. Carroll |title = ] |publisher = W.W. Norton |location = New York |year = 2005 |isbn = 0-393-06016-0 }} | |||
| * {{cite book |last1=Charlesworth |first1=Brian |authorlink1=Brian Charlesworth |last2=Charlesworth |first2=Deborah |authorlink2=Deborah Charlesworth |year=2003 |title=Evolution: A Very Short Introduction |series=Very Short Introductions |location=Oxford; New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-280251-8 |lccn=2003272247 |oclc=51668497 |ref=harv}} | |||
| * {{cite book |author= Coyne, J. |authorlink = Jerry Coyne |title = Why evolution is true |publisher = Penguin Group |year = 2009 |isbn = 978-0-670-02053-9 }} | |||
| * {{cite book |author = Gould, S.J. |authorlink = Stephen Jay Gould |title = ] |publisher = W.W. Norton |location = New York |year = 1989 |isbn = 0-393-30700-X }} | |||
| * {{cite book |author = Jones, J.S. |authorlink = Steve Jones (biologist) |title = ]. (''American title:'' ''Darwin's Ghost'') |publisher = Ballantine Books |location = New York |year = 2001 |isbn = 0-345-42277-5 }} | |||
| * {{cite book |last = Mader |first = Sylvia S. |others = Murray P. Pendarvis |title = Biology |edition = 9th |year = 2007 |publisher = ] |isbn = 978-0-07-325839-3 }} | |||
| * {{cite book |author = Maynard Smith, J. |authorlink = John Maynard Smith |title = ] |publisher = Cambridge University Press |year = 1993 |isbn = 0-521-45128-0 }} | |||
| * {{cite book |author = Pallen, M.J. |title = The Rough Guide to Evolution |publisher = ] |year = 2009 |isbn = 978-1-85828-946-5 }} | |||
| '''Advanced reading''' | |||
| * {{cite book |author = ], ], ], Goldstein, D.B. and Patel, N.H. |title = Evolution |publisher = ] |year = 2007 |isbn = 0-87969-684-2 }} | |||
| * {{cite book |author = ] and ] |title = Speciation |publisher = Sinauer Associates |location = Sunderland |year = 2004 |isbn = 0-87893-089-2 }} | |||
| * {{cite book |author = ] and Lee Alan Dugatkin |title = Evolution|publisher = W.W. Norton |location = New York |year = 2011 |isbn = 0-393-92592-7 }} | |||
| * {{cite book |last=Gould |first=Stephen J. |year=2002 |title=The Structure of Evolutionary Theory |location=Cambridge, MA |publisher=Belknap Press of Harvard University Press |isbn=0-674-00613-5 |lccn=2001043556 |oclc=47869352 |ref=harv}} | |||
| * {{cite book |author = ] and ] |title = ] |publisher = Oxford University Press |location = Oxfordshire |year = 1997 |isbn = 0-19-850294-X }} | |||
| * {{cite book |last=Mayr |first=Ernst |year=2001 |title=What Evolution Is |location=New York |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=0-465-04426-3 |lccn=2001036562 |oclc=47443814 |ref=harv}} | |||
| *] (2009) – Forms of Becoming. 242 pp. Princeton: Princeton University Press | |||
| * {{cite book |author = Olson, Wendy; Hall, Brian Keith |title = Keywords and concepts in evolutionary developmental biology |publisher = Harvard University Press |location = Cambridge |year = 2003 |isbn = 0-674-02240-8 }} | |||
| {{refend}} | |||
| == External links == | |||
| {{Spoken Misplaced Pages|Evolution.ogg|2005-04-18}} <!-- updated changed sections 2005-04-18 --> | |||
| {{Sister project links|evolution|voy=no}} | |||
| ;General information | |||
| * {{In Our Time|Evolution|p00545gl|Evolution}} | |||
| * {{cite web |url = http://www.newscientist.com/topic/evolution |title = Evolution |publisher = New Scientist |accessdate = May 30, 2011 }} | |||
| * {{cite web |url = http://nationalacademies.org/evolution/ |title = Evolution Resources from the National Academies |publisher = ] |accessdate = May 30, 2011 }} | |||
| * {{cite web |url = http://evolution.berkeley.edu/ |title = Understanding Evolution: your one-stop resource for information on Evolution |publisher = University of California, Berkeley |accessdate = May 30, 2011 }} | |||
| * {{cite web |url = http://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/darwin/textonly/index.jsp |title = Evolution of Evolution – 150 Years of Darwin's "On the Origin of Species" |publisher = ] |accessdate = May 30, 2011 }} | |||
| ;Experiments concerning the process of biological evolution | |||
| * {{cite web |url = http://myxo.css.msu.edu/index.html |title = Experimental Evolution – Michigan State University|author = Lenski RE|authorlink=Richard Lenski|accessdate = July 31, 2013}} | |||
| * , ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA'' | |||
| ;Online lectures | |||
| * {{cite web |url = http://www.molbio.wisc.edu/carroll/Fittest.html |title = The Making of the Fittest |author = Carroll SB |authorlink = Sean B. Carroll |accessdate = May 30, 2011 }} | |||
| * {{cite web |url = http://oyc.yale.edu/ecology-and-evolutionary-biology/principles-of-evolution-ecology-and-behavior/ |title = Principles of Evolution, Ecology and Behavior |author = Stearns SC |authorlink = Stephen C. Stearns |accessdate = August 30, 2011 }} | |||
| {{Evolution|state=uncollapsed}} | |||
| {{Big History}} | |||
| {{Breakthrough of the Year}} | |||
| {{Featured article}} | |||
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