| Revision as of 06:01, 22 May 2004 editGregg~enwiki (talk | contribs)936 editsmNo edit summary← Previous edit | Revision as of 08:32, 3 July 2004 edit undoDavid Newton (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users23,265 edits →British Monarchs: Note about year of death of James IINext edit → | ||
| Line 37: | Line 37: | ||
| ===British Monarchs=== | ===British Monarchs=== | ||
| *] (]-]) - ] Age | * ] (]-]) - ] Age | ||
| *] and ] (]-] - ] Age | * ] and ] (]-] - ] Age | ||
| *] and ] (]-]) - ] Age | * ] and ] (]-]) - ] Age | ||
| *] (]-]) | * ] (]-]) (continued to claim the English and Scottish thrones after his deposition in 1688 until his death in 1701) | ||
| *] and ] (]-]) - with ] and II of ], of the ], a descendant of ] | * ] and ] (]-]) - with ] and II of ], of the ], a descendant of ] | ||
| *] and ] (]-]) - ] Age | * ] and ] (]-]) - ] Age | ||
| During the period between Charles I and Charles II, Britain was a ] ], and then a ] under ] and ]. | During the period between Charles I and Charles II, Britain was a ] ], and then a ] under ] and ]. | ||
Revision as of 08:32, 3 July 2004
The House of Stuart or Stewart is a British/Scottish Royal House of Breton origin. The distinction is because the House started off ruling Scotland but after the death of Elizabeth I of England, last monarch from the House of Tudor, took over the whole of Britain. It was followed by the House of Hanover. The House began with the hereditary High Stewards of Scotland
History
Walter the Steward (died 1177) was born in Shropshire, the son Alan Fitz Flaad, a Norman conqueror. Along with his brother William, ancestor of the Fitzalan family (the Earls of Arundle), he supported Empress Maud during the Anarchy. Maud was aided by her uncle, David I of Scotland, and Walter followed David north in 1141, after Maud had been usurped by Stephen. Walter was granted land in Renfrewshire and the position of Lord High Steward. Malcolm IV made the position hereditary and it was inherited by Walter's son, who took the surname Stewart.
The sixth High Steward of Scotland, Walter Stewart (1293-1326), married Majory, daughter of Robert the Bruce. Their son Robert was heir to the House of Bruce; he eventually inherited the Scottish throne when his uncle died childless in 1371. In 1503, James IV of Scotland attempted to secure peace with England by marrying Henry VII's daughter, Margaret Tudor. Their union brought the House of Stewart into the line of descent of the House of Tudor, and the English throne.
Maragret Tudor later married Archibald Douglas, 6th Early of Anugs, and their daughter was the mother of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, who married Mary I of Scotland. Lord Darnley's surname was properly Stewart, though the spelling had been altered during his father's time at the English court. Darnley was himself a direct descendant of the fourth High Steward, Alexander Stewart, so Mary's heirs remained part of the House of Stewart.
Heads of the House of Stewart
High Stewards of Scotland
- Walter the Steward, 1st High Steward of Scotland (died 1177)
- Alan Stewart, 2nd High Steward of Scotland (died 1204)
- Walter Stewart, 3rd High Steward of Scotland (died 1246)
- Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Sctoland (died 1283)
- James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland (died 1309)
- Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland (died 1326)
- Robert Stewart, 7th High Steward of Scotland (afterwards, Robert II)
Scottish Monarchs
- Robert II (1371-1390)
- Robert III (1390-1406)
- James I (1406-1437)
- James II (1437-1460)
- James III (1460-1488)
- James IV (1488-1513)
- James V (1513-1542)
- Mary, Queen of Scots (1542-1567)
- James VI (1567-1625)
British Monarchs
- James VI of Scotland and I of England (1603-1625) - Jacobean Age
- Charles I of England and Scotland (1625-1649 - Carolean Age
- Charles II of England and Scotland (1660-1685) - Restoration Age
- James VII of Scotland and II of England (1685-1688) (continued to claim the English and Scottish thrones after his deposition in 1688 until his death in 1701)
- Mary II of England and Scotland (1689-1694) - with William III of England and II of Scotland, of the House of Orange-Nassau, a descendant of Charles I
- Anne of England and Scotland (1702-1714) - Augustan Age
During the period between Charles I and Charles II, Britain was a Republican Commonwealth, and then a Protectorate under Oliver Cromwell and Richard Cromwell.
Pretenders
- James Francis Edward Stuart, the Old Pretender, claimed throne as James VIII of Scotland and III of England, (1701-1766)
- Charles Edward Stuart, the Young Pretender, claimed throne as Charles III, known as Bonnie Prince Charlie, (1766-1788)
- Henry Benedict Stuart, claimed throne as Henry IX of Britain, (1766-1807)
See Also
- Jacobitism, for further information on the House of Stuart and their decline
- The family trees of the Stuarts: Scottish branch - England and Scotland united