| Revision as of 22:28, 9 September 2009 editJacurek (talk | contribs)9,609 edits - source added← Previous edit | Revision as of 22:34, 9 September 2009 edit undoIllythr (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers8,901 edits translated a ruwiki article section; Let's use academic sources instead of journalist opinion pieces, shall we?Next edit → | ||
| Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
| According to ] the purpose of the parade was to display the power of the newly formed ] to the whole world.<ref name=NovayaGazeta>{{ru icon}} ]: , 21 September 2008</ref> The source also notes that the commander of the Polish sources which defended Brześć against the Nazis, General ], was arrested by the ] and sent to the Soviet prison camp in ] and later executed in the ].<ref name=NovayaGazeta/> | According to ] the purpose of the parade was to display the power of the newly formed ] to the whole world.<ref name=NovayaGazeta>{{ru icon}} ]: , 21 September 2008</ref> The source also notes that the commander of the Polish sources which defended Brześć against the Nazis, General ], was arrested by the ] and sent to the Soviet prison camp in ] and later executed in the ].<ref name=NovayaGazeta/> | ||
| After the parade, which ] described as ''amicable'',<ref>Niall Ferguson, The War of the World, The Penguin Press, New York 2006, page 418</ref> the Germans withdrew to the western bank of the ], and the Russians took over the city, as well as whole ] (now ] and ]). | |||
| == Joint parades in other Polish cities == | |||
| Several historiс works published in the1980s-1990s<ref>See, for example, Heller M., Nekrich A. ''Geschichte der Sowjetunion.'' Bd. 2. Königstein, 1982. S. 29-30; Pietrow B. ''Stalinismus. Sicherheit. Offensive: Das «Dritte Reich» in der Konzeption der sowjetischen Außenpolitik.'' Melsungen, 1983. Бережков В. М. ''Просчет Сталина'', Международная жизнь. 1989. № 8. С. 19; Семиряга М. И. ''Тайны сталинской дипломатии. 1939—1941 гг.'' М., 1992. С. 101; Лебедева Н. С. ''Катынь: преступление против человечества.'' С. 34.; Некрич А. М. ''1941, 22 июня.'' — М.: Памятники исторической мысли, 1995.</ref> write about joint military parades of the ] and ] in other cities of occupied Poland. | |||
| For example, Russian historian Mikhail Semiryaga writes in his 1992 work ''Secrets of Stalin's diplomacy'': ''Joint parades with militaries of both countries as participants took place In Grodno, Brest, Pinsk and several other cities (Germans called them "Victory parades") The parade in Grodno was supervised by Brigadier ]. | |||
| ] writes: ''The conclusion of military operations against Poland was marked by joint parades of German and Soviet militaries In Brest and Lwow in the first days of October ''<ref>{{ru icon}} Некрич А.М. — М.: Памятники исторической мысли, 1995.</ref>. | |||
| In later works, historians such as ] and Oleg Vishlev dismiss the parades in other cities as myth.<ref name="Vishlev">{{ru icon}} Вишлёв О. В. ''Накануне 22 июня 1941 года. Документальные очерки.'' М., 2001. С. 108—109.</ref>. Some modern Russian historians also dispute that the events in Brest were a parade and call it «ceremonial departure of German forces under the supervision of Soviet representatives».<ref name="Vishlev" /> | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 22:34, 9 September 2009
The Nazi-Soviet military parade was a joint military parade by the troops of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union on September 22, 1939, which took place in Brześć nad Bugiem (or Brześć Litewski, then in the Second Polish Republic, now Brest in Belarus). The Nazi and Soviet troops were reviewed by Hans Guderian, for the Germans and Vasily Chuikov and Semyon Krivoshein for the Soviets. Both sides saluted each other, and celebrated their partition of Poland.
The parade, which took place on Union of Lublin street (ulica Unii Lubelskiej), the main road of the city of Brześć, was the result of the signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, of which the secret protocol partitioned Eastern Europe between Nazi Germany and Soviet Union. After crushing the Polish resistance in the battle of Brześć the invading Soviet and German armies met in Brześć on the 18th of September, one day after the Soviet invasion of Poland and eighteen days after the German Nazi invasion of Poland.
The Soviet and German generals paid homage to each others armies and their respective victories over Polish forces. The parade was part of the ceremony which marked the voluntary handing over of the Brześć fortress by the German troops to the Soviets, as part of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact.
According to Krivoshein, after receiving the order to invade Poland on September 17, his units approached Baranowice, as part of Chuikov's 4th Army. After taking the town and capturing a few thousand Polish soldiers who were stationed there, his units kept on moving westward. Soon they were approached by 12 German officers who identified themselves as part of Guderian's XIX Corps and who explained that they too were moving in the direction of Brześć. Through them Krivoshein sent warm greetings to the German general and made sure to approach Brześć from the opposite direction than that taken by the Wehrmacht. Upon approaching the town, Krivoshein realized that German troops were already busy looting the town and that Guderian had already established his headquarters there. He sent his representatives to him. Soon afterward Guderian arrived, and in the person of Krivoshein greeted the "victorious Red Army". He proposed a joint parade of Soviet and German troops through the town. Because the Soviet troops were tired after a long march, Krivoshein promised to supply the military band and a few battalions but agreed to Guderian's request that both German and Soviet officers both stand and review the parade together.
The parade began at 4 p.m., and the "Victory Arches" were erected which the Soviet troops decorated with swastikas and red stars, and through which German troops marched. The Soviets fielded the 29th Light Tank Brigade, which was the first unit of the Red Army to roll into the city. The Brigade had hardly seen any combat, because most of the fighting had already been over by the time the Soviets arrived in Brześć.
According to Novaya Gazeta the purpose of the parade was to display the power of the newly formed Soviet-Nazi alliance to the whole world. The source also notes that the commander of the Polish sources which defended Brześć against the Nazis, General Konstanty Plisowski, was arrested by the NKVD and sent to the Soviet prison camp in Starobielsk and later executed in the Katyn massacre.
After the parade, which Niall Ferguson described as amicable, the Germans withdrew to the western bank of the Bug, and the Russians took over the city, as well as whole Eastern Poland (now Western Belarus and Western Ukraine).
Joint parades in other Polish cities
Several historiс works published in the1980s-1990s write about joint military parades of the Red Army and Wehrmacht in other cities of occupied Poland.
For example, Russian historian Mikhail Semiryaga writes in his 1992 work Secrets of Stalin's diplomacy: Joint parades with militaries of both countries as participants took place In Grodno, Brest, Pinsk and several other cities (Germans called them "Victory parades") The parade in Grodno was supervised by Brigadier Vasily Chuikov.
Alexander Nekrich writes: The conclusion of military operations against Poland was marked by joint parades of German and Soviet militaries In Brest and Lwow in the first days of October .
In later works, historians such as Mikhail Meltiukhov and Oleg Vishlev dismiss the parades in other cities as myth.. Some modern Russian historians also dispute that the events in Brest were a parade and call it «ceremonial departure of German forces under the supervision of Soviet representatives».
References
- Oscar Pinkus, "The war aims and strategies of Adolf Hitler", McFarland, 2005, pg. 77,
- Steven J. Zaloga, Howard Gerrard, "Poland 1939: The Birth of Blitzkrieg", Osprey Publishing, 2002, pg. 83,
- The Holocaust encyclopedia, Part 804 By Walter Laqueur, Judith Tydor Baumel, page 585
- Richard C. Raack, "Stalin's drive to the West, 1938-1945: the origins of the Cold War", Stanford University Press, 1995, pg. 58,
- ^ http://img230.imageshack.us/img230/4421/llllpzf.jpg Janusz Magnuski, Maksym Kolomijec "Czerwony Blitzkrieg. Wrzesien 1939: Sowieckie Wojska Pancerne w Polsce" ("Red Blitzkrieg. September 1939: Soviet armored troops in Poland"). Wydawnictwo Pelta, Warszawa 1994 ISBN 8385314032 Scan of page 72 of the book.
- Richard C. Raack, "Stalin's drive to the West, 1938-1945: the origins of the Cold War", Stanford University Press, 1995, pg. 39,
- ^ Template:Ru icon Novaya Gazeta: "Советско-фашистская дружба", 21 September 2008
- Niall Ferguson, The War of the World, The Penguin Press, New York 2006, page 418
- See, for example, Heller M., Nekrich A. Geschichte der Sowjetunion. Bd. 2. Königstein, 1982. S. 29-30; Pietrow B. Stalinismus. Sicherheit. Offensive: Das «Dritte Reich» in der Konzeption der sowjetischen Außenpolitik. Melsungen, 1983. Бережков В. М. Просчет Сталина, Международная жизнь. 1989. № 8. С. 19; Семиряга М. И. Тайны сталинской дипломатии. 1939—1941 гг. М., 1992. С. 101; Лебедева Н. С. Катынь: преступление против человечества. С. 34.; Некрич А. М. 1941, 22 июня. — М.: Памятники исторической мысли, 1995.
- Template:Ru icon Некрич А.М. 1941, 22 июня. Советско-германское сотрудничество, 1939-1941. — М.: Памятники исторической мысли, 1995.
- ^ Template:Ru icon Вишлёв О. В. Накануне 22 июня 1941 года. Документальные очерки. М., 2001. С. 108—109.
External links
Media related to German and Soviet parade in 1939 at Wikimedia Commons
- German newsreel of the parade
- A collection of photos illustrating Soviet-Nazi cooperation in September 1939. Official webpage of the Institute of National Rememberance
| Nazi German–Soviet relations before 1941 | |
|---|---|
| Prior antagonism | |
| Political | |
| Economic | |
| Military | |
| Aftermath | |