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'''Megafauna''' are generally defined as those species animals whose average adult weight exceed 100 pounds (44 kg). The term is also used to refer to particular groups of large animals, both to extant species and, more often, those that have become ] in ]. | '''Megafauna''' are generally defined as those species animals whose average adult weight exceed 100 pounds (44 kg). The term is also used to refer to particular groups of large animals, both to extant species and, more often, those that have become ] in ]. | ||
Megafauna animals are generally ]s, with great longevity, slow population growth rates, low death rates, and few or no natural predators capable of killing adults. These characteristics make megafauna highly vulnerable to human exploitation. |
Megafauna animals are generally ]s, with great longevity, slow population growth rates, low death rates, and few or no natural predators capable of killing adults. These characteristics make megafauna highly vulnerable to human exploitation. Many ] have become extinct within the last million years, and, although some biologists dispute it, human ] is often cited as the cause. | ||
==Recent extinctions== | |||
{{main|Pleistocene megafauna}} | |||
Many species of megafauna have become extinct within the last million years, and, although some biologists dispute it, human ] is often cited as the cause. Other theories for the cause of the extinctions are climatic change associated with ] and the questionable hyperdisease hypothesis. | |||
==Megafauna by continent== | ==Megafauna by continent== |
Revision as of 05:14, 4 June 2007
It has been suggested that Charismatic megafauna be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since May 2007. |
It has been suggested that List of megafauna recently discovered be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since June 2007. |
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Megafauna are generally defined as those species animals whose average adult weight exceed 100 pounds (44 kg). The term is also used to refer to particular groups of large animals, both to extant species and, more often, those that have become extinct in geologically recent times.
Megafauna animals are generally K-strategists, with great longevity, slow population growth rates, low death rates, and few or no natural predators capable of killing adults. These characteristics make megafauna highly vulnerable to human exploitation. Many species of megafauna have become extinct within the last million years, and, although some biologists dispute it, human hunting is often cited as the cause.
Megafauna by continent
"†" denotes extinct megafauna
African megafauna
- African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer)
- African Bush Elephant (Loxodonta africana)
- African Deinotherium † (Deinotherium bozasi)
- African False Saber-Tooth Cat † (Dinofelis barlowi)
- African Forest Elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis)
- African Wild Ass (Equus africanus)
- Ancylotherium † (Ancylotherium hennigi)
- Black Rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)
- Black Wildebeest (Connochaetes gnou)
- Blue Wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus)
- Bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus)
- Common Eland (Taurotragus oryx)
- East African Oryx (Oryx beisa)
- Eastern Gorilla (Gorilla beringei)
- Gemsbok (Oryx gazella)
- Giant Eland (Taurotragus derbianus)
- Giant Forest Hog (Hylochoerus meinertzhageni)
- Giant Long-horned Buffalo † (Bubalus antiquus)
- Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis)
- Greater Kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros)
- Hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus)
- Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius)
- Humans (Homo Sapiens)
- Lion (Panthera leo)
- Mountain Nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni)
- Nile Crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus)
- Nyala (Tragelaphus angasii)
- Okapi (Okapia johnstoni)
- Quagga † (Equus quagga quagga)
- Sable Antelope (Hippotragus niger)
- Waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus)
- White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum)
- Western Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla)
Australian megafauna
- Diprotodonts †
- Genyornis † (Genyorns newtoni)
- Megalania prisca †
- Marsupial Lion †
- Palorchestes †
- Procoptodon †
- Saltwater Crocodile
See also: Australian megafauna
Eurasian megafauna
- Mountain Anoa (Bubalus quarlesi)
- Lowland Anoa (Bubalus depressicornis)
- Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus)
- Asian Lion (Panthera leo persica)
- Aurochs † (Bos primigenius)
- Bactrian Camel (Camelus bactrianus)
- Banteng (Bos javanicus)
- Cave Bear † (Ursus spelaeus)
- Cave Lion † (Panthera leo spelaea)
- European Jaguar † (Panthera gombaszoegensis)
- Gaur (Bos gaurus)
- Gavial (Gavialis gangeticus)
- Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
- Giant Unicorn † (Elasmotherium sibiricum)
- Gigantopithecus † (Gigantopithecus blacki)
- Heck horse (Equus caballus)
- Heck cattle (Bos taurus)
- Indian Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis)
- Giant Irish Elk † (Megaloceros giganteus)
- Javan Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus)
- Kaluga
- Kouprey (Bos sauveli)
- Steppe mammoth † (Mammuthus trongotherii)
- Giant Mammoth † (Mammuthus meridionalis)
- Mekong giant catfish
- Moose (Alces alces)
- Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus)
- Przewalski's Horse - Takhi (Equus ferus przewalski)
- Saltwater Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus)
- Stegodon †
- Steppe Wisent † (Bison priscus)
- Sumatran Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis)
- Syrian Camel †
- Tamaraw (Bubalus mindorensis)
- Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris)
- Siberian Tiger (Panthera tigris altaica)
- Wisent (Bison bonasus)
- Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
- Woolly Rhinoceros † (Coelodonta antiquitatis)
- Yak (Bos grunniens)
- Wild Boar (Sus scrofa)
- Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius)
- Red Deer (Cervus elaphus)
- White Lipped Deer (Cervus albirostris)
- Sambar Deer (Cervus unicolor)
- Pere David's Deer (Elaphurus davidianus)
- Takin (Budorcas taxicolor)
- Brown Bear (Ursus arctos)
- Onager (Equus hemionus)
- Kiang (Equus kiang)
- Malayan Tapir (Tapirus indicus)
North American megafauna
Central & South American megafauna
- Green Anaconda (Eunectes murinus)
- Black Caiman (Melanosuchus niger)
- Cuvieronius † (Cuvieronius hyodon)
- Doedicurus † (Doedicurus clavicaudatus)
- Southern Glyptodon † (Glyptodon asper)
- Giant Ground Sloth † (Megatherium americanum)
- Orinoco Crocodile (Crocodylus intermedius)
- Palaeolama mirifica † (an extinct Llama)
- Tapirus veroensis † (an extinct Tapir)
- Tapirus bairdii (Baird's Tapir)
- Tapirus pinchaque (Woolly Tapir)
- Tapirus terrestris (Brazilian Tapir)
- Trichechus inunguis (Amazonian Manatee)
- Trichechus manatus (Caribbean Manatee)
- Toxodon † (Toxodon platensis)
Island megafauna
- Madagascar Elephant bird †
- Galapagos Tortoise (Geochelone nigra)
- Moa †
Ocean megafauna
- Basilosaurus †
- Baleen whales (15 known species)
- Basking Shark
- Beaked whales (21 known species)
- Beluga
- Bluefin Tuna (3 known species)
- Colossal Squid
- Dorudon †
- Dugong
- Elephant Seal
- Giant clam
- Giant grouper
- Giant sea bass
- Giant squid
- Goliath grouper
- Great White Shark
- Green Sea Turtle
- Greenland Shark
- Leopard Seal
- Leatherback Turtle
- Manatees (3 known species)
- Manta Ray
- Three species of marlin
- Megalodon †
- Megamouth Shark
- Narwhal
- Oarfish
- Ocean Sunfish
- Seven species of oceanic dolphin
- Opah
- Pacific sleeper shark
- Porbeagle
- The six non-dwarf species of Sawfish
- Sperm Whales (3 known species)
- Steller's Sea Cow †
- Steller's Sea Lion
- Thresher Shark
- Tiger Shark
- Six species of Sturgeon
- Walrus
- Whale Shark
Arctic megafauna
- Caribou
- Elephant Seal
- Glyptodon †
- Ice Age Camel †
- Irish Elk †
- Mammoth †
- Muskox
- Polar Bear
- Smilodon †
- Walrus
Domestic megafauna
See also
- Bergmann's Rule
- Cope's rule
- Deep-sea gigantism
- Fauna
- Island gigantism
- List of megafauna recently discovered
- Pleistocene megafauna
External links
- A Requiem for North American overkill, Journal of Archaeological Science
- New carbon dates link climatic change with human colonization and Pleistocene extinctions: Nature
- First Victims of the Human-Caused Extinction
- Mega-marsupials once roamed Australia